A blockchain-enabled AI healthcare system is proposed to enhance disease prediction and secure healthcare data management. The framework integrates advanced artificial intelligence techniques with robust data security mechanisms to ensure accurate forecasting and safe handling of sensitive medical information. The system employs a hybrid GRU–LSTM model for real-time chronic disease prediction using electronic health records, IoT sensor outputs, and wearable device data. To further improve prediction performance, the Fireworks Algorithm is utilized for hyperparameter optimization and feature selection. Patient data are encrypted using RSA-2048. The model is evaluated using the ‘Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning’ dataset, which contains demographic and clinical attributes for predicting diseases such as diabetes. Experimental results demonstrate strong predictive performance with 99.87% accuracy, 98.46% precision, 98% recall, and a 97.53% F1-score. In addition, the blockchain layer provides high operational reliability, achieving 99.99% data integrity and system availability, 100% auditability, and 99.8% data-sharing efficiency. The platform supports approximately 1,500 transactions per minute and implements role-based access control through smart contracts with an execution time of 0.2 s. Overall, the integrated AI–blockchain framework offers a scalable, transparent, and privacy-preserving solution suitable for real-world healthcare applications, including hospital decision-support systems and remote patient monitoring.
The rapid increase in distributed mobile e-learning systems has resulted in numerous security threats, including student data protection, secure access, transparency, and decentralized education management. Traditional cloud-based e-learning systems have been prone to various risks, such as centralization vulnerability, data access violations, identity theft, and lack of scalability in a highly variable wireless learning environment. This paper proposes a blockchain-integrated, privacy-preserving, distributed mobile e-learning architecture for securely and autonomously managing student data. In this framework, blockchain technology will be used for ensuring a decentralized ledger, lightweight cryptography, smart contract-based authentication, and distributed data storage. Blockchain transaction verification, data encryption and sharing, distributed data storage, and smart contract execution are the methodologies utilized by this system to ensure secure academic record and activity management in a mobile environment. The evaluation of the proposed architecture will involve performance measurement of the following parameters: authentication accuracy, privacy protection capability, transaction processing speed, throughput, and data storage efficiency. It was revealed from experimental studies that the suggested approach provided 98.3% in terms of identification, 97.5% in relation to data privacy protection, and 91.8% concerning storage efficiency compared to other methods, including traditional cloud-based learning systems and previous blockchain-based education platforms. In addition, the suggested system enabled reducing the transaction time to 190 ms and increasing the throughput speed up to 465 transactions per second, which proves its high efficiency and capability of functioning in a distributed wireless environment. Therefore, it can be stated that introducing blockchain technology in distributed mobile e-learning systems enhances the level of privacy, resilience against malicious attacks, traceability, and autonomy in controlling personal information. The introduced concept provides a basis for designing a highly reliable and scalable framework for the future generation of wireless educational communities based on the management of decentralized and reliable data.
This article discusses the practical implementation of a prototype academic transcript storage system based on blockchain technology and smart contracts. The digital transformation of higher education requires reliable mechanisms for ensuring the integrity and verifiability of academic documents. It presents the design and experimental validation of a blockchain-based system for storing and verifying academic transcripts within the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The proposed solution is based on an Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible smart contract implemented in Solidity and deployed on a test network. The testnet was used as the experimental environment, and transaction monitoring was performed using the BlockScout v11.0.3 explorer. The architecture of the TranscriptStorage smart contract is presented, including a role-based access model, a data indexing mechanism using keccak-256, and storage of transcripts in a mapping structure (bytes32 => Transcript[ ]). The experimental results confirm the successful recording of the Transcript in the distributed ledger, event recording (Logs), and the correctness of the ABI encoding of input parameters (Raw Input), as well as a change in state (State Changes) reflecting the fee payment. The use of events is shown to enable cost-effective third-party data verification without the need to store the entire text in the contract state. The comparative results showed that the proposed system reduced gas consumption by 804.5% compared to Blockcerts, 48.8% compared to ECertChain, 82.5% compared to ShikkhaChain, and 43.5% compared to zkEVM. These improvements were achieved while maintaining high scalability, robust privacy features, and security, making it a practical solution for Kazakhstan’s educational system.
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Self-sovereign identity (SSI) provides a decentralized approach to digital identity management, enabling individuals to control their personal data without reliance on centralized authorities. Blockchain technology offers a tamper-resistant and distributed infrastructure that can support secure and verifiable identity systems. In health care, where identity fragmentation, privacy risks, and interoperability challenges persist, blockchain-enabled SSI (BC-SSI) has been proposed as a potential solution. However, existing research remains heterogeneous, with varying levels of technical maturity and limited evidence of real-world deployment. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study conducts a scoping review to systematically map BC-SSI applications in health care and to analyze their application domains, development stages, study aims, targeted challenges, and technological infrastructures. In addition, this study aims to identify structural gaps in current research and assess the readiness of BC-SSI systems for clinical deployment. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> This review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) methodology. A comprehensive literature search conducted between September 2024 and August 2025 identified 37 peer-reviewed studies that met predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized using descriptive and thematic analyses across application areas, system maturity, technological components, and reported challenges. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The findings indicate that BC-SSI research in health care remains at an early stage of maturity, with most studies proposing conceptual models or prototype implementations and limited real-world validation. Applications predominantly focus on identity verification, credential management, and privacy-preserving data exchange across domains such as electronic health records, mobile health, and access control systems. Commonly used technologies include decentralized identifiers, verifiable credentials, smart contracts, and privacy-enhancing mechanisms such as zero-knowledge proofs and selective disclosure. Despite rapid technical development, persistent challenges include interoperability limitations, governance gaps, usability concerns, and insufficient integration with health care infrastructures. Notably, a structural gap was identified between technological capability and system-level readiness for clinical deployment. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> BC-SSI technologies demonstrate potential for enabling secure, interoperable, and patient-centric identity management in health care. However, current research is predominantly technology-driven and lacks sufficient system-level validation. This study highlights the need for integrated architectural approaches, governance frameworks, and real-world evaluation to bridge the gap between conceptual innovation and clinical implementation. Advancing BC-SSI toward health care adoption will require coordinated progress across technical, organizational, and regulatory dimensions. </sec>
This paper focuses on the application of blockchain technology in the field of supply chain finance, with an emphasis on its supportive role in alleviating the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. Through theoretical analysis and case study methods, it systematically elaborates how blockchain technology, leveraging its characteristics such as decentralization, traceability, and immutability, enhances the transparency and credibility of supply chain finance, reduces the risks associated with information asymmetry, and thereby improves the availability and efficiency of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises. Taking "Ant Duo-Chain" as an example, the paper analyzes the application effects of blockchain technology in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, concluding that this model not only enhances the efficiency of capital circulation but also provides a sustainable path for the stable development and value enhancement of the overall supply chain ecosystem.
This research presents a decentralized medical data management system integrating a Flask-based backend, an SQLite relational database, and an Ethereum-compatible blockchain to enhance the security, integrity, and transparency of healthcare data. The system adopts a modular architecture using Flask Blueprints to manage authentication, hospital data retrieval, OTP verification, and prescription handling. Smart contracts developed with the Truffle framework ensure immutable and auditable storage of critical medical proofs, particularly prescription records, while Web3 enables secure interaction between the backend and the blockchain. Future improvements include replacing SQLite with cloud-native databases such as PostgreSQL or MongoDB for scalability, implementing advanced encryption with dynamic key rotation, and adopting decentralized identity (DID) for patient-centric access control. Additionally, integrating real-time analytics, AI-based anomaly detection, automated compliance auditing, and Layer-2 blockchain solutions can further enhance system performance, security, and efficiency.
Building structural designs, utilizing materials such as steel, concrete, and cross-laminated timber, contribute significantly to embodied carbon emissions in construction projects. However, traditional carbon accounting methods employed to quantify and record these emissions are often characterized by a lack of traceability, transparency, and immutability. This limitation undermines the reliability of emissions data, making it challenging for stakeholders to establish credible emissions records and implement regulatory strategies, such as carbon credits, taxes, subsidies, and green certifications, for building’s structural designs and materials. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a transformational emissions accounting system that integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM) for automatic extraction of emissions-relevant data, alongside blockchain-enabled smart contracts to ensure traceability and immutability of emissions records. The proposed system enables data-driven decision-making for low-carbon structural designs and materials, while also facilitating the application of emissions regulations to support their implementation based on trustworthy emissions accounting.
muddasar naeem, Zaib Ullah, Fadi M. Al Turjman, Abdullah waqas · 6 authors
Abstract Blockchain technology, characterized by its distributed ledger system, has revolutionized currency and the global digital economy. Its potential applications extend beyond finance, captivating academia and industry alike. This article delves into the latest advancements in blockchain technology, exploring its innovative state-of-the-art applications in various futuristic communication domains such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, security, privacy, artificial intelligence (AI), wireless network optimization, intelligent grids, smart transportation, and more. The article also provides an overview of blockchain's operational principles, including smart contracts and consensus algorithms, highlighting their contributions to decentralization, security, and transparency. Moreover, through statistical analysis of research articles, we identify current challenges and outline future research directions in the field.
Nandhini S, Hrithik M, Kamalesh S, Aswin C · 6 authors
ABSTRACT: Centralized digital marketplaces dominate today’s online commerce but suffer from inherent limitations such as single points of failure, lack of transparency, data monopolization, and trust dependency on intermediaries. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design and implementation of a decentralized marketplace built on blockchain technology. The proposed system enables peer-to-peer trading without the involvement of centralized authorities, ensuring transparency, security, and fairness among participants. Smart contracts are employed to automate transactions, enforce business rules, and eliminate the need for trusted third parties. Distributed ledger technology ensures immutability of records, while cryptographic mechanisms provide secure identity management and transaction validation. The marketplace supports secure listings, decentralized payments, dispute resistance, and trustless execution, thereby reducing operational costs and increasing user autonomy. Experimental analysis demonstrates improved reliability, resistance to tampering, and enhanced trust compared to traditional centralized platforms. The proposed decentralized marketplace framework highlights the potential of blockchain-based systems in redefining digital commerce by promoting transparency, decentralization, and user empowerment. Keywords: Decentralized Marketplace, Blockchain Technology, Smart Contracts, Peer-to-Peer Trading, Distributed Ledger, Trustless Transactions, Cryptographic Security, Transparency, Digital Commerce, Disintermediation.
In the process of building materials supply chain management, there are problems such as information opacity, low logistics coordination efficiency, difficulty in material quality traceability, and weak trust mechanism among supply chain entities, which lead to rising costs, low efficiency, and waste of resources. In addition, the construction industry has a large amount of carbon emissions, and the impact of supply chain management on carbon emission reduction cannot be ignored. To this end, this paper introduces blockchain technology to improve supply chain transparency, optimize logistics management, enhance material quality traceability, and explore its role in carbon emission reduction. This paper constructs a blockchain-based building materials supply chain management system, using distributed ledgers to ensure data transparency, smart contracts to automate procurement, acceptance and payment, which is a material traceability system to ensure quality control, the Internet of Things combined with blockchain to optimize logistics management, and establish a carbon emission monitoring and optimization mechanism to achieve real-time data recording and low-carbon scheduling. The system built in this study shows significant advantages in multiple key indicators. The overall carbon emissions of the supply chain in the experimental group are 88 tons of CO2, a 12% decrease compared to 100 tons of CO2 in the control group. The average transportation time in the experimental group is 4.5 hours, while that in the control group is 8.2 hours, a 45.1% decrease. The application of blockchain technology has effectively improved the efficiency and transparency of building materials supply chain management, optimized logistics and material quality control, and played a positive role in carbon emission reduction.
In the digital age, Bitcoin remains the first and most notable cryptocurrency. Over the years, its value has increased, making it a desirable digital asset with millions of enthusiasts who trade and invest daily. Bitcoin is highly volatile in comparison with traditional assets and in absolute terms. Understanding its volatility history helps investors decide whether to buy, sell, or hold. A mathematical model that accounts for volatility is essential for these decisions. Unfortunately, Bitcoin’s vast profit potential for investors comes with the dilemma of its negative impact on global environmental health, which needs serious attention. This study aims to model Bitcoin’s return volatility that can support investment decisions and, on the other hand, the negative impact of Bitcoin mining and outline the actions necessary to mitigate it.
Gangappa B Demmannavar, Ramyashree C, Swathi M, Yamini R
Abstract This project presents a smart industrial monitoring system that integrates IoT, blockchain, and intelligent networking to ensure secure, reliable, and efficient environmental monitoring. An ESP32-based sensor network is deployed to continuously measure critical industrial parameters such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, and dust density.The collected data is uploaded to the ThingSpeak cloud platform in real-time, enabling remote monitoring, analytics, and early detection of anomalies or hazardous conditions. To enhance security and integrity, blockchain technology is implemented to create a tamperproof distributed ledger of sensor readings, ensuring that the data cannot be altered by unauthorized users. The sensor nodes are structured into clusters, and communication is optimized using shortest path algorithms, reducing network latency and improving energy efficiency. By combining secure data handling with intelligent routing, the proposed system offers a scalable and robust solution for modern industrial automation, predictive maintenance, and safety management. Keywords- IOT-based Industrial monitoring, Blockchain security, Tamper-proof Data storage, Smart Industrial Automation, Anomoly Detection Adaptive blockchain model, Environment parameter monitering.
Railway Cargo Systems (RCS) are often associated with issues such as data security, lack of transparency, and inefficiencies in terms of storage requirements and overall operability.This work proposes a novel technique combining blockchain technology with cloud computing to create a secure and streamlined railway cargo system.By leveraging the power of blockchain's distributed ledger and immutability, the system guarantees data integrity and fosters trust among all participants.Cloud computing, on the other hand, injects scalability, real-time data processing, and accessibility for every stakeholder involved in the network.The proposed integration promises significant improvements across various aspects of railway cargo operations.Firstly, enhanced security is achieved by storing transactions and cargo information permanently on the blockchain, significantly reducing the risk of fraud and unauthorized data alterations.Secondly, increased transparency is realized through a shared ledger accessible to all participants, enabling real-time tracking and clear visibility of cargo movement throughout the journey.Thirdly, streamlined processes through automated document handling and by implementing smart contracts on the blockchain lead to improved efficiency.Elimination of paper-based documentation and various intermediary parties achieves the desired cost savings.Finally, the potential benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of our proposed system in the railway cargo industry are assessed, which include the scalability limitations and seamless interoperability between different blockchain platforms.
Blockchain technology has recently undergone substantial investigation into the prospect of integrating it with several service sectors, having originally been designed for the Peer-to-Peer cryptocurrency network, Bitcoin Database security could be an expensive and time-consuming operation. When discussing a legally binding contract, the phrase "automated transaction protocol that, executes the terms of the agreement" is used. The Internet of Things (IoT), big data artificial intelligence technologies, and blockchain technology into the supply chain may help solve the transparency and traceability issue stated in the literature.
The integration of IoMT is IoMT is medical image encrypting blockchain's paradigm in privacy has IoT advancements in healthcare have been modified by blockchain technology. The Internet of Medical Things is using blockchain frameworks and alongside other decentralized technologies to establish interoperability in health monitoring and safeguard medical data through patient remote monitoring. IoMT networks comprise numerous autonomous IoT-based systems working synergistically to facilitate patient health maintenance. Various methodologies for securing medical images, like PACS and IPFS, as well as off-chain storage with cryptographic hash referencing, have been devised. Every approach has its strengths and weaknesses, and the research considered the security, cost, scalability, and integrity of data. In this way, systems can enable remote monitoring of patients while preserving the confidentiality of their sensitive data. The RPM framework empowered by blockchain is also essential in improving health systems, engaging patients, and streamlining clinical workflows. This paper analyzes the intersection between IoMT and blockchain technology focusing on remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems.
Purpose: To examine and critically analyze the U.S. Patent 10,992,478 B2, which introduces a blockchain-based digital identity management system. It aims to assess the patent’s technical features, innovative claims, and potential applications in enhancing security, privacy, and user control in identity verification processes. Furthermore, the study seeks to contextualize the invention within the broader landscape of blockchain innovations, evaluating its significance, competitive advantages, and implications for future digital identity solutions. Methodology: The study uses an exploratory qualitative research design to gather and analyze data on the selected patent, sourcing information through keyword-based searches on platforms like Google Search, Google Patent Search, Google Scholar, and AI-powered GPT models. The collected data was systematically curated, organized, and interpreted to align with the research objectives. Analytical frameworks such as SWOC and ABCD/ABCDEF were applied to generate structured insights into the patent’s technological, strategic, and commercial dimensions. Results & Analysis: The results of the analysis reveal that U.S. Patent 10,992,478 B2 offers a robust framework for secure, decentralized digital identity management leveraging blockchain’s immutability and distributed ledger capabilities. The technical assessment highlights the system’s ability to minimize identity fraud, enhance user control over personal data, and enable interoperability across different platforms and services. Comparative analysis with existing solutions shows that the patented design stands out for its comprehensive security architecture, multi-factor authentication integration, and potential scalability in real-world applications. Originality & Values: The originality of this study lies in its focused examination of a specific granted patent, U.S. Patent 10,992,478 B2, within the niche yet rapidly evolving domain of blockchain-enabled digital identity management. By dissecting its technical claims, architectural innovations, and practical implications, the article offers a unique lens for understanding how patented blockchain solutions can redefine identity verification. The value of this work is in providing scholars, industry practitioners, and policymakers with actionable insights into the patent’s potential to influence secure digital ecosystems and future technological developments. Type of Paper: Case Study-based Exploratory Research.
Many industries, including banking, government, energy, healthcare, etc., have taken an interest in blockchain technology since its inception in the last decade. A comprehensive overview of blockchain's potential uses in the healthcare industry is provided in this article. Research in this field is indeed progressing at a breakneck pace. Thus, we have discovered several cutting-edge applications of blockchain technology, such as medicine supply chain management, electronic medical record sharing, remote patient monitoring, etc. We have also highlighted the shortcomings of the methods that have been examined, and we have wrapped off by delving into some unanswered questions and potential spots for more study. The new Internet of Things applications in Industry 4.0 include blockchain technology, which is immutable, cryptographically secure, distributed ledgers, and a component of decentralized systems. Various entities or parties maintain and distribute exact copies of a succession of transaction lists using this technology. Blockchain technology's capacity to link disparate systems and improve the accuracy of electronic health data, together with a patient-centric approach to healthcare, make it an area with enormous promise.
Design thinking is an important tool for connecting innovation ability with practical problems. Design thinking, as a systematic approach to thinking concepts, processes, and learning tools, can provide new ideas for educational reform and the cultivation of talents in the future. Introducing design thinking into higher education and establishing an effective and innovative curriculum system is also aimed at better cultivating innovative talents. Based on the characteristics of blockchain technology such as decentralization, security and equality, this study builds a platform for design thinking education and expounds the practical problems such as the lack of thinking enthusiasm and motivation of students in the existing education model and the transformation of theory into practice. Analyze the possibility that blockchain technology can help students stimulate their creativity through incentive mechanisms, protect students' design achievements through distributed ledgers, and enhance their employment competitiveness. While blockchain technology makes it easier for colleges and universities to implement design thinking education, it also gives them new ideas and opportunities to implement creative teaching based on design principles, creates an equitable and effective learning environment for students, and gives them access to a better learning platform.
With the development of educational modernization, digital technology has become a key force driving educational progress. As a decentralized, secure and reliable technology, blockchain has application potential in educational resource management, information management and the construction of basic platforms. At present, the cross-disciplinary integration in design faces many challenges, such as the problem of disciplinary barriers, the difficulty in protecting resource property rights, technical obstacles, the high cost of resource sharing, and the lack of a dynamic monitoring and evaluation system, etc. This paper studies the connotation, characteristics of blockchain and its coupling in interdisciplinary integration, designs an interdisciplinary integration resource platform based on blockchain, including network architecture, functions, learning coins and supply levels. This platform, through technological approaches such as distributed ledgers and smart contracts, enhances the effectiveness of cross-disciplinary integration, improves the level of copyright protection, reduces sharing costs, and realizes the automated operation of the regulatory system, providing new ideas and practical methods for the high-quality development of design education.
Background: With the enhanced data amount being created, it is significant to various organizations and their processing, and managing big data becomes a significant challenge for the managers of the data. The development of inexpensive and new computing systems and cloud computing sectors gave qualified industries to gather and retrieve the data very precisely however securely delivering data across the network with fewer overheads is a demanding work. In the decentralized framework, the big data sharing puts a burden on the internal nodes among the receiver and sender and also creates the congestion in network. The internal nodes that exist to redirect information may have inadequate buffer ability to momentarily take the information and again deliver it to the upcoming nodes that may create the occasional fault in the transmission of data and defeat frequently. Hence, the next node selection to deliver the data is tiresome work, thereby resulting in an enhancement in the total receiving period to allocate the information. Methods: multi-node data repetition. Blockchain is involved in offering a transparency to the application of transmission. A simultaneous multi-threading framework confirms quick data channeling to various network receivers in a very short time. Therefore, an advanced method to securely store and transfer the big data in a timely manner is developed in this work. A deep learning-based smart contract is initially designed. The dilated weighted recurrent neural network (DW-RNN) is used to design the smart contract for the Ethereum blockchain. With the aid of the DW-RNN model, the authentication of the user is verified before accessing the data in the Ethereum blockchain. If the authentication of the user is verified, then the smart contracts are assigned to the authorized user. The model uses elliptic Curve ElGamal cryptography (EC-EC), which is a combination of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and ElGamal encryption for better security, to make sure that big data transfers on the Ethereum blockchain are safe. The modified Al-Biruni earth radius search optimization (MBERSO) algorithm is used to make the best keys for this EC-EC encryption scheme. This algorithm manages keys efficiently and securely, which improves data security during blockchain operations. Results: smart contracts.
Weiming Xie, Zhaomin Yao, Xiaozhou Bai, Lang Mai · 10 authors
Nowadays, the global digital transformation of healthcare is advancing rapidly with the help of technologies such as electronic medical records, telemedicine, and mobile medical applications. However, there are still challenges in EMR interoperability, security, and data exchange. To address these existing limitations, This study proposes a voice electronic medical record system driven by artificial intelligence and blockchain, which is designed to improve clinical records and nursing coordination. This system adopts a dedicated deep learning architecture. It transcribe the conversations between doctors and patients into text, and then uses natural language processing to extract the relevant medical information. At the same time, it also provides diagnostic prompts, which can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis. Doctors can view and edit these summaries generated by artificial intelligence. Then safely record them on the decentralized crypto blockchain ledger. With federated learning, the model can be continuously improved in multiple centers without infringing on data privacy. This solution integrates automatic speech recognition, distributed ledger technology, and collaborative deep learning, aiming to enhance the EMR efficiency, security, data integrity, and care continuity of medical institutions. The combination of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence technology holds great potential. It can transform fragmented health data into portable and interoperable records under patient control, thus bringing strategic advantages to the health system that is undergoing a comprehensive digital transformation.
Blockchain technology has set off a wave of decentralization in the world since its birth. The trust system constructed by blockchain technology based on cryptography algorithm and computing power provides a practical and powerful solution to solve the trust problem in human society. In order to make more convenient use of the characteristics of blockchain and build applications on it, smart contracts appear. By defining some trigger automatic execution contracts, the application space of blockchain is expanded and the foundation for the rapid development of blockchain is laid. This is blockchain 2.0. However, the programmability of smart contracts also introduces vulnerabilities. In order to cope with the insufficient security guarantee of high-value application networks running on blockchain 2.0 and smart contracts, this article will be represented by Ethereum to introduce the technical details of understanding blockchain 2.0 and the operation principle of contract virtual machines, and explain how cryptocurrencies based on blockchain 2.0 are constructed and operated. The common security problems and solutions are also discussed. Based on relevant research and on-chain practice, this paper provides a complete and comprehensive perspective to understanding cryptocurrency technology based on blockchain 2.0 and provides a reference for building more secure cryptocurrency contracts.