Blockchain Papers

Linda Gonçalves Veiga, Mathew Kurian

No abstract is available for this record.

Presiana Nenkova

The changes in the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations in Bulgaria commenced at the beginning of the 1990s with the enactment of legislation on local self-governance and the first timid attempts at an expenditure and revenue assignment between the levels of government. The process began to gather momentum in 2002 when the government adopted a Concept paper on fiscal decentralization and an action plan on its implementation. A number of key reforms were legislated with the aim of broadening the municipal own-sources revenue base and increasing local government revenue autonomy. Dedicated action to set a decentralized public finance system in place resulted in a visible improvement of financial self-sufficiency of local authorities. Although still low in a European context, the values of fiscal decentralization indicators have gradually risen over the years, which is indicative of the success of the reform. The purpose of this paper is to overview the development of the process of fiscal decentralization in Bulgaria in the period 2003-2012 through examining its key aspects – expenditure responsibilities, revenue assignment and intergovernmental transfers – and to assess the policy options for addressing the current problems of local finance system. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p342

Andrew Graham

In the context of the financial management improvement, it has been given and will continue to be given priority to decentralization of responsibility management in public finance, through the provision of the right of use of Government Financial Informatics System (GFIS) to general governance institutions, concerning the process of executing their budget. Also the direct use of GFIS from those mentioned above is accompanied by the addition of internal controls in the procurement phase of public funds. Monitoring of financial management in the public sector is important not only for affecting directly in the efficient and economic use of public funds, but it significantly affects in the establishment of a sustainable culture in the better use of public funds. The country is aspiring to be a European Union member and consequently increasing the financial management performance constitutes a continuing objective of all governments. The legal framework and units and institutions that do monitoring of public financial management, are newly created, they continue their quest to grow and consolidate.

You Jeong Lee

This dissertation aims to explain the nature, cause, and consequence of informal fiscal decentralization in China since 1994. The 1994 tax reforms intended to strengthen the central government taxing power by increasing tax revenue through the tax assignment system. China also prohibited local government debt taking, while increasing intergovernmental transfers between the central government and local government. These series of China's centralization reforms in 1994 have realized uneven success. Central government tax revenue was improved significantly. However, local government still takes debt through the financial platform companies. The increased intergovernmental transfers did not decrease regional disparity, which is one of the goals of the central government. These are the unintended consequence of the centralization reform that this study tries to account for. This study shows that revenue centralization unintentionally aggravates problems of local public finance. While maintaining the budget balance according to budget law, local government has carried out competitive economic growth and expenditure management. The ability to manage expenditure and attract investment is the criteria employed to evaluate the accomplishment of local leaders. This study finds that prohibition of local government debt in China is constrained by their social network. This norm influences the strategy of local governments to increase their debt taking beyond the realm of formal rules under the competitive environment. This study also demonstrates that centralization of revenue made local governments increasingly resort to intergovernmental transfers, which in turn fail to reduce inequality across jurisdictions. This study argues that an informally decentralized state reduces the merits of the decentralization. The informal consequence of the political and fiscal systems in China result in local leaders that acquire the medium level of change in power, while pursuing fiscal decentralization and maintaining political centralization. However, the unintended consequence is the retreat of the fiscal system, such as the increased fiscal instability and large gaps across jurisdictions.

Tanya Bagashka, Jennifer Hayes Clark

Abstract We investigate the relationship between electoral institutions and committee autonomy in the context of U.S. state legislatures. The distributive theories of legislative organization suggest that electoral rules that make personal reputations more important motivate legislators to decentralize power and enhance committee autonomy to be able to target particularistic goods to their local constituencies. We argue that the distributive theories have direct implications for the relationship between candidate selection procedures and committee autonomy. The need to reach out to a large number of voters and to amass significant financial resources in states with more inclusive candidate selection procedures such as the open primary makes representatives more dependent on special interests, which is conducive to legislative particularism and committee autonomy. We take advantage of the great variation across the American states to investigate the effects of candidate selection procedures, a factor neglected in the previous literature. Examining 24 state legislatures from 1955 to 1995, we find that the inclusiveness of the selectorate, or the body electing candidates, has a significant effect on committee autonomy with more inclusive primary elections leading to more autonomous committee systems. By contrast, however, term limits were not a significant predictor of committee autonomy. This contributes to our understanding of how legislators amend institutional arrangements to achieve their electoral goals.

Emilian Miricescu, Lucian Ţâţu

The paper focuses on Romanian experiences regarding the financial strategies used by managers from pre-university education. In Romania, local public authorities provide funds to pre-university institutions. Given the sharp economic recession and the austerity measures imposed by Romanian government, the public executives had to find solutions in collecting additional funds and in spending wisely the existing financial resources. Therefore, our paper aims at examining several practices regarding: (i) employees' wages, (ii) EU funds implementing, (iii) self-financing activities, (iv) public procurement and (v) balancing strategies for the budgets, which could improve the financial management of public institutions. This also can contribute to the increase in the efficiency of spending at micro-level within public administration.

Simanti Bandyopadhyay

TWith the help of the available literature, the paper attempts to assess critically the main problems of municipal finances in India and to bring out the challenges that the municipalities face with respect to revenue generation and expenditure management. The main findings suggest that the urban local bodies in India are confronted with lack of proper decentralization of functions and finances, inadequate revenue generation, expenditure shortfalls leading to poor service delivery. It also analyses the suggestions and recommendations that have been offered in the literature to cope with these critical challenges relating to urban finance.

Mark Amen

Today, municipal bonds are a critical source of capacity building in the United States. The bond market exceeds $4 trillion and is comparable to one fourth of the national debt or the current-dollar market value of the nation&s;s projected output of goods and services in2012. In the United States&s; decentralized political system, the municipal bond has been an important asset in the growth of the national economy. Liberal theory lays out three potential avenues for cities to play a role in world politics either by importing to them the domestic capacity of the state or as relatively autonomous players in the world economy. The urban role in the national economy emerged in two distinct stages. The most significant difference between these two stages is the federal government&s;s efforts, beginning in the late 1960s, to limit the use of intergovernmental tax immunity. The financial management organization, the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA), held that the legislation violated the Sixteenth Amendment.

Johnatan Rafael Santana de Brito, João Ramos Matos Filho, Edward Martins Costa

the Brazilian tax structure has specific characteristics and the performance level of government. Although there was a better regulation of these transfers after the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Law, it is observed that the amount of resources transferred to the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte is quite high. In light of the theory of federalism and fiscal decentralization, in particular, the theories related to intergovernmental transfers seek to diagnose the transfers from the systematization of information as to the origin, value and destination. We used the econometric model of Dynamic Panel System GMM in diagnosis and verification of the impact of transfers on public finances of municipalities in the RN, a dynamic econometric model that captures the lagged effects of variables making use of adjustment mechanisms based on a model differences distributed so that the dependent function is a concatenation of variable contemporary and out of phase. The data point to what is predicted in theory: an increasing trend of dependency. The paper presents some proposals for the transfer system and the composition of spending in order to contribute to greater tax efficiency.

Chantha Onxayvieng, Shukui Tan

The District Development Fund program  or  model was introduced in Lao People Democratic Republic in 2005, with the technical and financial support of United Nations Capital Development Fund, as a core part of the Governance and Public Administration Reform Programme, which was jointly supported by United Nations Capital Development Fund and United Nations Development Programme. The District Development Fund program was designed to be an effective approach and support methodology suitable for a low capacity environment in order to help deliver better public services to rural and remote communities in Lao PDR. The DDF has since been expanded to fifty two (52) Districts (of a total of 148 Districts) across the country. DDF aims to sustainably improve local public services delivery through the strengthening of capacity of local district administration and demonstrating improved financial management systems and procedures that can contribute positively in this objective. It does this by providing both discretionary development grants together with capacity development and support to improvements systems and procedures for local development. However, there has been little external research undertaken to date on “assessment of the District Development Fund program as an effective approach to strengthen public service improvement for decentralized and better service delivery in Lao PDR, and whether the District Development Fund program has positively affected the capacity of local authorities to delivery prioritized local public services”.  This article addresses this by looking at the empirical results from the DDF program and draws on experiences on how DDF program has been operating and contributing on the ground in building local capacities, in financial management, planning and budgeting, to enhance the local authorities’ ability to finance local priority services. The DDF for government has become the viability and positive results of empowering local authorities and communities as part of public administration reform, that is not only a government fund transfer mechanism a form of fiscal decentralization but also has proven to be very well suited to the low capacity environment in Lao PDR A better people-focused service delivery has mostly been achieved by empowering sub-national administrations to take a more effective role in leading local socio-economic development, which is to bring about tangible improvements in public services to people and a real reduction in local poverty. The most significant lesson of the DDF experience in Laos has been its ability to achieve results that have led to improvements in pro poor service delivery combined with improvements in the capacity of local administration in planning, budgeting and monitoring services. A critical lesson in achieving these results has been ensuring that new systems and procedures fully align with existing government processes . This not only helps to improve capacity development but also ensures innovations, which is more cost effective and scalable in future by working through existing governance systems. Greater district and community oversight and accountability result in funds being well spent with minimum leakages. This article, to a large extent, is entering new ground where there is little other independent research or documentation available. Thus the approach relies on conducting structured evaluation dialogue with the direct stakeholders, including the Ministry of Home Affairs, Governance of Public Administration Reform /District Development Fund  project team, national and local practitioners and representatives of the communities involved, combined with a review of the available documents and data. The methodological tools used were interviews, workshops, focus group discussions, data analysis and document review. Keywords: Service delivery, Building capacity, Financial management, Planning and budgeting management, Local authority, District development fund approach.

Tadewos Mentta

This study focuses on the subnational governments’ revenues, their productivity and contribution to the total budget of the region. In Ethiopia, the regions get significant amount of revenue from the central government’s block grant and their revenue sources generate very small amount of revenues and their tax bases are also very narrow. The study describes the revenue contribution of tax and non-tax bases separately and their trends throughout the periods. Moreover, it distinguishes specific revenue sources and their productivity, consistency of revenues from specific sources to finance local needs, and challenges in administration of their own revenue sources. Key w ords : Fiscal federalism, block grant, tax revenues, non-tax revenues, government budget.

Iñaki Aldasoro, Mike Seiferling

The implications of delegating fiscal decision making power to sub-national governments has become an area of significant interest over the past two decades, in the expectation that these reforms will lead to better and more efficient provision of public goods and services. The move towards decentralization has, however, not been homogeneously implemented on the revenue and expenditure side: decentralization has materialized more substantially on the latter than on the former, creating vertical fiscal imbalances. These imbalances measure the extent to which sub-national governments' expenditures are financed through their own revenues. This mismatch between own revenues and expenditures may have negative consequences for public finances performance, for example by softening the budget constraint of sub-national governments. Using a large sample of countries covering a long time period from the IMF's Government Finance Statistics Yearbook, this paper is the first to examine the effects of vertical fiscal imbalances on fiscal performance through the accumulation of government debt. Our findings suggest that vertical fiscal imbalances are indeed relevant in explaining government debt accumulation, and call for a degree of caution when promoting fiscal decentralization.

Beatriz Cuadrado‐Ballesteros, Isabel Sánchez, José‐Manuel Prado‐Lorenzo

Functional decentralization is aimed at increasing the efficiency, effectiveness and quality of public services, among other advantages, by simplifying the organizational structure and by achieving greater proximity to the end user. Nonetheless, the creation of these entities has been criticized because of the potential to make political use of them to avoid the debt limits imposed on sub-national administrations, as debt would then be transferred to the accounting statements of these agencies. The empirical evidence found in the current study shows that the use of these companies as a mechanism for obtaining external financing is determined by the accounting regulations applicable in relation to the consolidation of accounts. Decentralization processes oriented toward increasing debt are more common among left-wing local governments and are strongly linked to fiscal pressure. Points for practitioners Our results show that foundations are now displacing public companies in decentralization processes in order to obtain external funds, since these agencies are not included in the consolidated accounts. Thus, more rigorous regulation should be established in Spain. This opportunistic use of decentralized agencies is developed on the whole by left-leaning political ideologies as a means of incurring more debt that they need. Thus, it is necessary that external auditing offices ( Cámaras de Cuentas) reinforce the monitoring process over local governments in order to circumvent their managerial discretion.

Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović, Sunčana Slijepčević, Željka Kordej-De Villa

Decentralization can be generally described as a process in which selected functions are assigned to sub-national units. The literature identifies number of positive consequences of decentralization which all lead to better satisfaction of citizens? needs for public services. Although decentralization process in Croatia started more than 10 years ago, it still has not been finished. It led to new division of authorities and responsibilities to the local government units, but the level of fiscal decentralization remained lower than in the EU countries. The efficient decentralization should incorporate delegation of authorities, responsibilities and resources to local government units based on the clear criteria, but also should ensure better coordination and cooperation of all entities in providing public functions. In the paper we analyze fiscal capacity of local government units to provide an insight into the main problems of decentralization in Croatia. We show that the most of local government units have very low fiscal capacity and cannot finance basic public functions from their own resources. The paper also presents result of the performed survey about decentralization process among local councilors at the regional level in Croatia. We explore how local councilors at regional level in Croatia evaluate different goals of decentralization. Having in mind the lack of fiscal capacity, we identify two possible solutions for an optimal provision of public functions. The first one is level of political will for the joint provision of public functions between different local units, and the second one is change in territorial division of the country. We measure the difference in the attitudes toward these questions across counties.

Nai‐Ling Kuo, Bennis Wai Yip So

This paper critically accounts for why fiscal decentralization does not necessarily enhance revenue autonomy in the experience of Taiwan, as local governments do not pursue it. This experience is especially relevant to unitary countries that are undergoing both democratization and fiscal decentralization. This paper shows that, with inter‐jurisdictional competition, democratically elected local governments are inclined to pursue tax harmonization and have little incentive to maximize taxing powers even though doing so increases own‐source revenues. The local governments in Taiwan take a ‘mini‐max’ fiscal strategy, which involves minimizing changes to own‐source revenues while maximizing local expenditures. To finance increasing expenditures as a response to the demands of constituencies, local governments tend to press the central government to increase local government's tax bases, and to try to gain a greater share of intergovernmental transfers by having their administrative status upgraded. In summary, revenue autonomy is not being pursued by local governments because of political considerations. In a decentralized fiscal system, local governments can be fiscally accountable, but still irresponsible .

Anderson Henrique dos Santos Araújo

The present work aims to study the public finances and the economic behavior of Municipalities alagoanos between the years 1999/2010, using the fiscal and economic indicators commonly used. Therefore, it is considered the theoretical training of Public Finance, the influence of government in the economy to theoretical assumptions about the process of decentralization / centralization in Brazil. The Constitution of 1988 is a milestone in the pursuit of decentralized fiscal federalism, since from that moment, the municipalities now receive the status of a federated entity and had the largest increase in revenues and collection mechanisms itself. Thus, subnational, closer to the wishes of the population could more effectively meet the state's role in the production of public goods and the solution of the demands of the population. However, in the years after the Constitution of 1988, the political changes in the country, especially with Brazil's adherence to the neoliberal project, the advent of the plan and the actual enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Law, led to a new process of fiscal centralization in Brazil, with consequences for the 5565 Brazilian municipalities. In this context, it is statistically analyzed the finances and economy of the municipalities in Alagoas. The GDP of them indicate the growth of the service sector and centralization of wealth in a small number of cities, as well as the lack of dynamics in small towns, which the government has the primary component in your product. The analysis of municipal finances, with the support of development indicators and the index itself FIRJAN fiscal management, confirm the initial assumptions of the work: the low collection itself, high dependence on federal transfers, effort and compliance with the limits established by LRF for personnel expenses and low levels of investment. Thus, the main findings indicate that the decentralization process of the 1988 Constitution was undermined by the next decade, penalizing the poorest municipalities in case of most in Alagoas.

Alina Florentina Cucos, Кукош, А., Trif, N., Триф, Н. · 5 authors

Water supply and sewerage services represent utilities that must be provided to all users, both the urban and the rural. The responsibility to ensure these services in terms of non-discrimination and affordability belongs to the local authorities, which in the spirit of decentralization have exclusive jurisdiction on their establishment, organization and operation. Regardless of the chosen management, the funding of water supply and sewerage services, is accomplished by means of the prices and tariffs paid by the users. Their quantum, specific to some social services, covers the costs without allowing the accumulation of consistent profit margins, which would ensure the development of the specific infrastructure from the operators' own funds. It is therefore necessary that funding for the creation and rehabilitation of water supply and sewerage systems to be provided from other sources than the budgets of operators, such as: budgetary allocations of local public authorities, government or European funding programs. This paper is of interest because it captures just how the prices and tariffs for these services are composed, and the entire procedure for foundation, adjustment and modification that follows different rules from those of pricing in the market economy, and it provides a review of the types of programs through which the development of the specific technical-urban infrastructure and the significant increase in the number of users in the past 25 years.

Mihaela Brîndușa Tudose

Drawing on a set of financial and budget specific indicators, the paper examines the financial activities of local authorities, aiming at diagnosing local public financial management. In the context of the increasing decentralization of public finance, local authorities must demonstrate the ability to manage local resources as efficiently as possible, adopting decisions (including financial ones) to respond promptly to citizen needs. For this reason, we set out to present an analysis model aimed at accustoming local decision-makers with the specific tools and methods and assisting them in gaining awareness of the benefits of such analyses. Empirical research shows that local authorities, due to the low income generation capacity, face a shortage of own resources, creating dependency on the state budget. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that that lack of resources limits both the investment capacity and the decision-making autonomy of local authorities in prioritizing spending. The analysis conducted in terms of performance indicators has revealed low level of local government involvement in stimulating economic activity in the community under examination.

Elena Cigu, Irina Bilan

The decentralization process was continuous in Romania starting with 1990, generating the implication of local authorities in local public finance, as a result of exclusives, shared and delegate competences and, so, the necessity of ensuring a good management of resources and expenditures. Therefore, the decentralization of competences / responsibilities from State to local governments was a major Romanian political theme and a first rank component of management of local public finance, as main driving instrument for local development. Specific legal framework of local responsibilities is established both to European and national level. Researchers based on regulation and practice have tried to quantify the responsibilities developing different models to measure local revenue and expenditures autonomy. The paper aims is to identify some models for measuring local expenditure autonomy and to apply for Romania. The study is oriented to measure local expenditure autonomy in Romania using Bell, Ebel, Kaiser and Rojchaichainthorn's model.

Christopher Zegras, Joshua Nelson, Rosàrio Macário, Christopher Grillo

Fiscal federalism refers to the attribution of public finance functions among different levels of government. We examine Portugal's metropolitan transportation sector through the fiscal federalist lens, in light of the country's decentralization efforts and new relevant legislation. We clarify basic principles of fiscal federalism and adapt them to the finance of metropolitan transportation systems – typically characterized by multiple jurisdictions, numerous externalities and equity concerns – showing the inadequacy of general practice. Portugal's overall public finance system partially adheres to fiscal federalist principles; the transportation sector less so. Metropolitan transportation faces particular troubles, with few direct user fees, prices inadequately reflecting costs, and heavy reliance on central government subsidies for public transportation investments and operations. A new law creating metropolitan transportation authorities is only modestly consistent with fiscal federalist principles, since it inadequately details financial responsibilities and remains under heavy central government control. Absent additional reforms, the new metropolitan authorities should aim to make the transportation finance system explicit and test incentive grants to induce inter-municipal cooperation.

Еlena Dobrolyubova

This article reflects some results of the work undertaken by the expert working group on optimization of public expenditures in the area of governance which contributed to the overall efforts on evaluating efficiency of the federal budget expenditures and forming recommendations on the optimization of such expenditures in 2013. This evaluation was conducted jointly by the Russian Academy for National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) and National Research University – Higher School of Economics (NRU-HSE) in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economic Development, and other federal authorities. The article is focused on the influence of decentralization policies on the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending both in a broad context and in one, based on the practice of delegating some federal powers to the constituent entities (regions) of the Russian Federation. Analysis of the federal budget execution data as well as some public sectors’ statistics demonstrates that the practice of delegation of the Russian Federation’s powers to the sub-national level which was accompanied by relevant budgetary transfers (subventions) has led to an excessive growth of the federal budget expenditure on the relevant areas (as compared to the GDP growth for the same period and the growth of the federal budget expenditures on the public administration as a whole). At the same time –at least in the selected cases –the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending, including performance outputs have decreased aft er the delegation of powers took place. Decentralization based on the delegation of powers has also resulted in new functions aimed at controlling the effectiveness of the delegated authorities’ performance. As a result, total administrative costs have increased. Given these conclusions it is recommended to switch from the practice of delegating authority to the practice of reallocating certain powers among the levels of government with a parallel reallocation of the budget revenue sources. Such a reallocation should be based on a detailed profound review of the efficiency and effectiveness of decentralization in each particularsector, with both the options of further devolution and recentralization being considered.

Charles Brecher

Abstract This article elaborates on the understanding of New York's public fiscal position. The choice of counting rules has a dramatic impact on the understanding of the size of government and interpretation of its fiscal health. The decentralized character of New York's public fiscal position derives from impacts of policy practices in four key areas: social welfare, education, public employee pensions, and collective bargaining. Debt is both a useful and respected tool of public finance and a dangerous temptation for elected officials. New York is among the most heavily indebted states in the nation. With respect to Medicaid and public assistance, the City of New York and virtually all counties favor increased state financing. The area with the greatest potential for change is the heavy decentralization of public fiscal matters in New York.

Claire Barraud

Cette thèse cherche à savoir si la méthode décentralisée, officiellement mise en avant dans la gestion des crises de la dette souveraine depuis leur origine, est non seulement réalisable, mais également efficace en termes de répartition équitable du fardeau de la dette. Nous définissons en effet un processus de restructuration efficace comme une procédure de courte durée (inférieure à un an) et qui respecte les besoins des deux parties prenantes au contrat. Si du côté des créanciers, la décote ne doit pas être abusive, du côté du débiteur, la dette doit redevenir soutenable, au sens à la fois économique et social du terme. Le terrain d'analyse des processus de renégociation de la dette se concentre exclusivement sur les économies d'Amérique Latine, dans la mesure où elles représentent les débiteurs ayant enregistré le plus grand nombre de défauts au cours de l'histoire. À travers une méthode pluridisciplinaire, nous défendons finalement la thèse selon laquelle l'échec des différents processus de restructuration est directement subordonné à l'iniquité du partage du fardeau de la dette, laquelle fait suite à un déséquilibre des pouvoirs de négociation inhérente au cadre de gestion décentralisée. Notre posture macroéconomique et notre démarche inductive induisent un cadre d'analyse socio-économique, lequel fait appel à un approfondissement historique, en termes d'économie politique, mais également à une étude basée sur la psychologie sociale. La thèse est structurée autour de deux parties, elles-mêmes subdivisées en deux chapitres. La première partie s'attache à comprendre les origines et les modalités de prévention et de gestion des crises, ainsi que leurs échecs. Elle conjugue de fait l'observation empirique et les soubassements théoriques de la décentralisation. De fait, le premier chapitre fait état, au vu de la double responsabilité à l'œuvre dans le déclenchement et l'enlisement dans la crise, de l'échec de la méthode décentralisée sur le long terme. En effet, non seulement la décentralisation apparaît inapplicable, puisqu'une tierce partie est systématiquement contrainte d'intervenir, mais elle ne permet pas non de plus de répartir équitablement les coûts de la crise. Le second chapitre cherche consécutivement à comprendre pourquoi ce processus de restructuration est néanmoins maintenu. L'économie politique de la décentralisation montre alors que le choix entre la régulation et le « laissez-faire » ne tient pas tant à des critères d'efficacité économique qu'à des considérations idéologiques et politiques. La deuxième partie de cette thèse propose symétriquement des pistes de réflexion afin de pallier les principaux écueils relevés lors des différents épisodes de défaut et de restructuration. Ainsi, si le troisième chapitre répond au second, le quatrième fait écho au premier. En effet, le troisième chapitre montre que la décentralisation ne peut aboutir en raison non seulement de ses écueils techniques, mais surtout de la nature des deux parties au contrat. L'immunité souveraine ayant été relativisée dans les deux premiers chapitres, il s'agit ici d'analyser le fonctionnement des marchés selon une méthode alternative au concept d'efficience. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous faisons appel aux préceptes de Keynes (1936) et de son analyse en termes psychosociaux, que nous approfondissons au travers du courant de la finance comportementale. Une telle étude révèle ainsi l'incapacité des créanciers à s'organiser de bonne foi, laquelle représente pourtant la condition sine qua non de la réalisation et de l'efficacité de la méthode décentralisée. Par conséquent, le dernier chapitre de ce travail conclue sur la nécessité d'un revirement en faveur d'une approche plus centralisée, laquelle inclut une tierce partie neutre, compétente et institutionnalisée.

Gheorghe Matei, Olivia Manole

Fiscal decentralization is an important influence factor on the autonomy of local government. To the extent in which a local government benefits from amounts and transfers from the central government, it depends on it and has a reduced capacity to make decisions about the services they provide to citizens, local autonomy being limited. Even if the legal framework for decentralization was created in Romania, we still can not talk about a high degree of financial autonomy of local governments. Further, significant amounts from the state budget are transferred to local budgets to cover local expenses. Moreover, despite consistent efforts to implement the decentralization process, there is a series of imbalances, especially in smaller territorial administrative units that are clearly disadvantaged both in terms of financial capacity to finance themselves through local taxes and duties, and especially in terms of the low absorption capacity of European funds. In general, in Romania, the degree of financial autonomy differs nationally from the city level and from the village level.