Abstract This chapter defines the building blocks of Web3 to explore its implications for sustainable democracy. It explains the crash of the Terra ecosystem and compares it with the implosion of FTX, both to underscore the dark side of networks built on blockchain technology and to illuminate how all cryptocurrencies (crypto), as well as all investors, are not created equal. The chapter weighs the costs and benefits of crypto and decentralized finance (DeFi) at the present moment and explores emergent regulation. It argues that cryptocurrencies and DeFi will only serve democracy if governments and international organizations establish the right incentive structure for innovators and safeguards for investors in this space.
Immanni Bhanu Prakash, Adarsh Kr Tiwari, U. Hariharan
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have become known as a game-changing digital asset class, revolutionizing digital content ownership and trade. These one-of-a-kind tokens symbolize a variety of digital and physical goods, including art, music, antiques, and more. The metadata linked with each token is crucial to the value and legitimacy of NFTs, giving crucial details about the asset's authenticity, ownership history, and other pertinent factors. It is critical in this setting to ensure the security, longevity, and usability of this metadata. The novel method of storing NFT information on the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a decentralized and distributed file storage technology, is explored in this research article. It then digs into IPFS's design and operations, describing how it works as a decentralized file storage system. The integration of IPFS with NFT collections is thoroughly examined, emphasizing the advantages it provides with regard to data integrity, accessibility, and security. This study highlights IPFS's potential as a game- changing solution for NFT metadata storage. Creating a web- based NFT minting and querying application using Next.js, Web3Modal, and Ethereum on the Mumbai test net user-friendly integration of decentralized NFT contracts, aiming to facilitate broader adoption of NFT applications. As a result, it adds to the continuing discussion about NFT technology and its integration with decentralized systems, paving the path for a more robust and permanent digital art and collectibles market.
Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Shengqiang Zeng, Ruhuang Chen, Hongwei Zhang, Jinsong Wang
With the emergence of technologies like web3.0, smart contracts have witnessed a flourishing development trend. However, the threat posed by contract vulnerabilities hinders the progress in this field. Traditional vulnerability detection tools have lost their effectiveness due to the unique code and function characteristics of smart contracts. Consequently, a novel approach utilizing deep learning for intelligent contract vulnerability detection has emerged. Nevertheless, the current solutions still face bottlenecks in terms of accuracy and efficiency, primarily due to the scarcity of labeled vulnerability samples. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an efficient intelligent contract vulnerability detection approach called SCVulBERT, based on Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT). The proposed approach leverages transfer learning and utilizes rich prior knowledge for training to ensure the model’s effectiveness in a scarce supervised sample environment. Furthermore, to enhance tokenization efficiency, a specialized tokenizer called SCVulTokenizer is designed to transform contract code into parameters recognizable by neural networks. The proposed approach utilizes the BERT network architecture to extract more precise and efficient features from the context, thereby achieving accurate and efficient vulnerability detection. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing solutions in the context of scarce supervised samples, exhibiting significant improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Specifically, regarding vulnerability detection for reentrancy, timestamp, and delegate call, the F1-scores achieved by the proposed approach show respective improvements of 13.71%, 13.14%, and 7.7% compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.
With the emergence of Web3, decentralized network protocol technologies have been vigorously developed. As a pioneer for decentralized real-time communication systems, Matrix is an open standard based on a federation specification protocol. Anyone can set up a self-hosted homeserver to participate in the global Matrix network and communicate with others in chat rooms. In this paper, we conduct the first in-depth measurement and exploratory research on Matrix’s ecosystem and security. We designed and implemented several investigation techniques to empirically delve into Matrix federation from various aspects (homeservers, rooms, and users). In the end, we identified a number of interesting findings and potential vulnerabilities, including anti-decentralization phenomena, cybersecurity threats in homeservers, and the confidentiality of encrypted rooms being compromised.
Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices have become a prevalent part of everyday life, making the need for IoT firmware security greater than ever. Firmware dispatch systems play a crucial role in maintaining the secure operations of IoT devices, where a compromise on the integrity of dispatches may simply ruin an IoT device. Hence it is essential to have robust solutions to safeguard such systems. With the advent of blockchain and Web3 technologies, there are new options for tackling security-related challenges. Blockchain provides a tamper-proof, secure, and fully distributed protocol, making it an excellent choice for a firmware dispatch system. In this work, we explore the existing blockchain-based solutions for distributing IoT firmware updates, and then propose a secure firmware dispatch system for IoT devices using Ethereum. Our system employs Web3.Storage, with a hosted implementation of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and a peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol. In the evaluation, we demonstrate that our designed architecture is fast, reliable, and scalable by offering a firmware integrity validation. It can benefit a wide range of manufacturers who intend to increase the security of their IoT devices.
Jannik Lucas Sommer, Magnus Mølgaard Lund, Nicola Cibin, Michele Albano
The frequency of software supply chain attacks has reached unprecedented levels, primarily due to the increasing reliance on huge numbers of software and hardware dependencies, and the inherent vulnerabilities they harbor. Currently, vendors providing these software and hardware components share security advisories to centralized databases or post them on proprietary websites, which security engineers have to search manually to find vulnerabilities relevant for their systems. Furthermore, the security advisories often do not follow a standard machine-readable format, which results in the engineers having to manually analyze the documents. In this paper, SENTINEL, a novel solution for automating dissemination and discovery of security advisories leveraging Web3 technologies, is presented. In particular, the Ethereum blockchain is used by vendors to notify asset owners of novel vulnerabilities in their systems in a reliable and accountable manner. Evaluation tests conducted on the Ethereum Sepolia Testnet confirm that our proposal is a functional and functioning solution for securely disseminating and discovering security advisories utilizing a fully decentralized infrastructure. SENTINEL’s source code is released as open source software on GitHub.
Bug bounty programs play a pivotal role for companies in identifying vulnerabilities within their digital products through collaborations with a global network of security researchers. In this paper, we introduce the bug bounty trilemma challenge—a concept that entails the delicate balance of security, privacy, and rewards within these programs. We then delve into “Bounty 3.0” as an innovative approach, harnessing the transformative potential of blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs). Blockchain technology ensures un-paralleled transparency, decentralization, and immutability in bug reports and token-based bounties, while ZKPs establish a secure, anonymous, and confidential reporting process that safeguards privacy. This approach acts as a bridge, seamlessly connecting traditional bug bounty programs with block-chainWeb3 solutions, effectively addressing the bug bounty trilemma.
Web3 teknolojileri günümüz dünyasında hızla gelişmesi sonucunda toplumsal yaşantımız üzerinde yıkıcı bir etki oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Gelecekteki iş gücü ortamlarında vazgeçilmez olacağı öngörülen bu teknolojilerden doğru şekilde faydalanabilmek için özellikle üniversite öğrencilerinin bugünden doğru bir farkındalık geliştirmeye ihtiyacı vardır. Bu bağlamda üniversite öğrencileri arasında Web3 teknolojileri farkındalığını artırmak için düzenlenen eğitimler önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada Gazi Üniversitesinin öğrencilerine ücretsiz olarak sunduğu Web3 eğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerinin Web3 teknolojilerine yönelik farkındalıkları üzerindeki etkisini çeşitli değişkenler açısından ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel bir tarama çalışması olan bu araştırmanın örneklemi 387 Gazi Üniversitesi öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Web3 Farkındalık (WEB3F) Ölçeği ile çevrim içi ortamda toplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Web3 eğitimine katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin Web3 teknolojileri farkındalık düzeylerinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu, öğrencilerin farkındalık düzeylerinin sadece internet kullanım geçmişine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği; cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf düzeyi, eğitim düzeyi, eğitim alanı ve günlük internet kullanım süresi faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir.
Mohammad Masoud, Yousef Jaradat, Ahmad Manasrah, Mohammad Alia · 6 authors
This work carried out a measurement study of the Ethereum Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network to gain a better understanding of the underlying nodes. Ethereum was applied because it pioneered distributed applications, smart contracts, and Web3. Moreover, its application layer language “Solidity” is widely used in smart contracts across different public and private blockchains. To this end, we wrote a new Ethereum client based on Geth to collect Ethereum node information. Moreover, various web scrapers have been written to collect nodes’ historical data from the Internet Archive and the Wayback Machine project. The collected data has been compared with two other services that harvest the number of Ethereum nodes. Our method has collected more than 30% more than the other services. The data trained a neural network model regarding time series to predict the number of online nodes in the future. Our findings show that there are less than 20% of the same nodes daily, indicating that most nodes in the network change frequently. It poses a question of the stability of the network. Furthermore, historical data shows that the top ten countries with Ethereum clients have not changed since 2016. The popular operating system of the underlying nodes has shifted from Windows to Linux over time, increasing node security. The results have also shown that the number of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Ethereum nodes is neglected compared with nodes recorded from other regions. It opens the door for developing new mechanisms to encourage users from these regions to contribute to this technology. Finally, the model has been trained and demonstrated an accuracy of 92% in predicting the future number of nodes in the Ethereum network.
The music industry faces numerous challenges regarding tracking and distributing royalties. This article explores how a decentralized and transparent system for managing music royalties can be created with a smart contract implementation on the Polygon network, utilizing Chainlink oracles. By enhancing the efficiency and transparency of royalty distribution, this groundbreaking smart contract has the potential to revolutionize the music industry and stand as a blueprint for diverse sectors grappling with analogous challenges in intellectual property rights and revenue allocation. At its core, this smart contract, functioning on the bedrock of blockchain, ensures meticulous oversight of financial transactions between consumers and content creators. It streamlines the process and facilitates the collection of user view statistics crucial for strategic fund allocation. With the potential impact of transaction fees on the user experience of blockchain payments, a new solution has been developed that includes a payment channel that reserves significant amounts of funds and enables off-chain payments through specialized messages. By combining these technological advancements, we are taking a transformative step towards a more seamless and fair future in the complex world of royalty management. The application is structured into conventional backend and frontend segments, with the code available on Github.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Rights Management and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The social network Twitter possesses a key characteristic: it is centralized, allowing Twitter Corporation to control data substitution and set moderation rules. However, this issue can only be resolved through the complete decentralization of the platform. To achieve this, blockchain technology is crucial as it enables the operation of decentralized applications with smart contracts serving as the foundation for system-user interaction. In this paper, we propose the minimum viable implementation of a similar social network called Brain Logger, which stores all necessary data in the NEAR blockchain network. Introducing a small fee for modifying data on the network ensures a solution to the aforementioned problems. The implementation includes a smart contract for blockchain networks and a web application frontend. The smart contract was developed using the NEAR software development kit in Rust, while the frontend was created in JavaScript using the React framework and Redux for local data storage. The code can be accessed on Github.
Traçage du contenu visuel, droits de propriété intellectuelle & blockchain : de l'abstraction des processus à l'interopérabilité fonctionnelle En amenant un niveau de confiance et d'immutabilité jusqu'alors inégalé, l'émergence synchrone du paradigme du web3 et des blockchains applicatives a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine du contenu visuel et de la gestion des droits de propriété intellectuelle sous-jacents. Cependant, outre les problèmes endémiques à l'aspect décentralisé des blockchains, cette association a également mis en lumière de nouveaux défis. La thèse aborde cinq de tels défis à travers le prisme des deux concepts fondamentaux des blockchains applicatives, à savoir les tokens et les Smart Contracts, et de leur interopérabilité (i.e., à leur capacité à partager des données avec d'autres briques applicatives).Les deux premiers sujets abordés concernent les tokens, i.e., la représentation d'actifs sur la blockchain, qui ont fait l'objet de vives critiques de la part des experts et du public en raison de (1) leurs modes de distribution et de leurs (2) lacunes quant aux droits de propriété intellectuelle. Si une partie de l'aversion envers les tokens résulte d'une incompréhension fondamentale à l'égard de ce qu'ils sont, d'importantes limitantes techniques ont également fait surface au fil des ans. De plus, les tokens ont également été confrontés à des problèmes réglementaires et juridiques qui ont contribué à leur réputation ambiguë.Les deux sujets de recherche suivants concernent les Smart Contracts, i.e., les logiciels immuables qui peuvent être déployés sur les blockchains et qui servent notamment aux applications décentralisées (dApps). Au-delà de leur sensibilité aux erreurs humaines, les Smart Contracts sont confrontés à des limitations fondamentales comme (3) le seuil élevé de connaissances techniques requises à leur development et (4) leurs capacités de calcul limitées. De surcroît, il est important de comprendre que ces limitations ne sont pas seulement dues à la relative nouveauté du concept mais au fait que la notion de Smart Contract ne vise pas à remplacer celle du logiciel web2 et qu'elles doivent être pensées comme complémentaires.La thèse répond tout d'abord à ces quatre premières problématiques via l'abstraction de processus connus afin de concevoir, spécifier, et implémenter des briques méthodologiques répondant à des attentes définies par notre analyse bibliographique du sujet. Les quatre premières contributions sont :• Un mode de distribution de contenu visuel produit par des objets connectés via un courtier automatique doté de capacités de dépôt fiduciaire basé sur un système de confiance numérique.• Une structure logicielle indépendante des marchés standards mettant les Smart Contracts au niveau conceptuel des tokens afin de garantir l'applications de DPI lors de l'échange de ces derniers.• Un processus permettant la génération systématique et agnostique à l'environnement blockchain de Smart Contracts à partir d'ontologies.• Une méthodologie associant de manière mutuellement bénéfique des éléments web2 et web3 qui permet le calcul d'empreintes numériques (fingerprints), dont le coût est normalement prohibitif dans un environnement blockchain.Enfin, le dernier sujet traité est celui de (5) la polyvalence des briques applicatives que nous aborderons par l'interopérabilité des quatre premières contributions dans une architecture permettant la prise en charge de contenu visuel dans l'environnement blockchain de sa création authentifiée jusqu'à sa distribution tracée et conforme aux droits de propriété intellectuelle. Cette association démontre la capacité de nos briques méthodologiques à être intégrées dans des solutions plus complexes et à répondre à des problèmes tangibles.Nous conclurons cette thèse avec une analyse macroscopique de notre travail, mettant en perspective nos contributions vis-à-vis de du futur des blockchains que nous prévoyons à court et à long terme.
This paper delves into the crucial aspects of authentication and authorization in modern web applications with a focus on enhancing data security. It explores the use of Node.js, a versatile server-side language, for building web applications and discusses the significance of a secure website for establishing trust between clients and servers. The research covers the implementation of authentication using packages and hashing algorithms, emphasizing the importance of "salt" and "pepper" for password security. Authorization methods, including cookies, sessions, and middleware, are also explored. The paper highlights the necessity of robust security measures to safeguard user data from the dark web and points to future directions in web security, including the role of blockchain and artificial intelligence in the WEB3 landscape.
The emergence of the web3 paradigm and the proliferation of application-oriented blockchains opened new perspectives to the field of visual content and the management of underlying Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) by providing a level of trust and immutability previously unmatched. Yet, this novel association remains vulnerable to discovered flaws and highlights shortcomings endemic to the blockchain space. This thesis addresses five such issues relating to the two fundamental concepts of applicative blockchains, namely tokens and Smart Contracts, and of their interoperability (i.e., as the ability to seamlessly share data).The first two issues deal with tokens, i.e., the blockchain representation of assets, which have been under heavy fire from experts and the public due to their (1) centralized distribution and (2) general disregard for Intellectual Property Rights. While some issues tokens have faced result from a fundamental misunderstanding of what they are, severe technical limitations in their use and distribution have surfaced over the years. These limitations were also accompanied by regulatory pain points resulting in some of the biggest scandals of the past decade, generating an overall negative perception of web3 technologies.The following two issues relate to Smart Contracts, i.e., immutable blockchain software that notably power decentralized applications (dApps). Although they have fed into problems through human oversights and errors, their main issues lie in their (3) technical knowledge requirements and (4) limited on-chain computation capabilities. Indeed, the relative novelty of the concept makes these programming languages less developer-friendly than their web2 counterparts, and users must accept that the Smart Contract paradigm is not a substitute for legacy software and answers to its own rules.We begin by addressing these first four pain points by abstracting processes and designing, specifying, and implementing methodological frameworks that answer requirements stemmed from the gaps identified in our state-of-the-art study. The first four contributions are:• A zero-trust, systematic distribution means for sensitive Internet of Media Things (IoMT)-produced content powered by an automatic broker with escrow functionalities.• A zero-trust, rule-enforcing, marketplace-agnostic framework revolving around a paradigm shift putting Smart Contracts at the abstraction level of tokens.• A workflow enabling the systematic, blockchain-agnostic generation of Smart Contracts via formalized ontologies.• A methodology enabling the mutually beneficial association of web2 and web3 by allowing usually prohibitively expensive visual fingerprinting to occur in blockchain environments.Finally, we address the overarching issue of (5) applicative workflow versatility by demonstrating the interoperation of all four previous methodological contributions into an architecture supporting the entire lifecycle of visual assets in blockchains, from their authenticated creation to their tracked and IPR-compliant distribution. This combination not only demonstrates the ability of our technologies to be integrated into larger frameworks but their capacity to answer real-world challenges. Our parting words constitute a macro analysis of our methodologies and put our efforts into perspective with the blockchain space, opining on its short and long-term directions.
Kai Ma, Jintao Huang, Ningyu He, Zhuo Wang · 5 authors
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) drive the prosperity of the Web3 ecosystem. By November 2023, the total market value of NFT projects reached approximately 16 billion USD. Accompanying the success of NFTs are various security issues, i.e., attacks and scams are prevalent in the ecosystem. While NFTs have attracted significant attentions from both industry and academia, there is a lack of understanding of kinds of NFT security issues. The discovery, in-depth analysis, and systematic categorization of these security issues are of significant importance for the prosperous development of the NFT ecosystem. To fill the gap, we performed a systematic literature review related to NFT security, and we have identified 142 incidents from 213 security reports and 18 academic papers until October 1st, 2023. Through manual analysis of the compiled security incidents, we have classified them into 12 major categories. Then we explored potential solutions and mitigation strategies. Drawing from these analyses, we established the first NFT security reference frame. Except, we extracted the characteristics of NFT security issues, i.e., the prevalence, severity, and intractability. We have indicated the gap between industry and academy for NFT security, and provide further research directions for the community. This paper, as the first SoK of NFT security, has systematically explored the security issues within the NFT ecosystem, shedding light on their root causes, real-world attacks, and potential ways to address them. Our findings will contribute to the future research of NFT security.
Harshitha Reddy Chitukula, S. Phanindra Reddy, M.D.N. Akash and Ramesh Karnati In this paper, we explored the potential impact of Web3 technologies on the future of social media. Web3 technologies, such as blockchain and decentralized networks, offer new opportunities for social media users to own and control their data, leading to increased privacy and security.
The healthcare industry is not immune to the trend of adopting new IT systems, and this includes hospitals and doctors’ offices. To store a patient’s medical history (including diagnoses and treatments), medical history (including diagnostic pictures), and financial data (including demographics and insurance details), a computerised database known as an “Electronic Health Record” (EHR) is used. Because medical records are typically private and must be shielded from prying eyes, ensuring their secure transfer is a top priority for healthcare systems. Electronic health records (EHRs) are used in the proposed study to ensure the security of all sent medical data, including the Chest X-ray MedPix images. This article describes a blockchain-based solution that patients can use to keep all their data in one secure location. This system was built with the Ganache tool on the Ethereum network, making use of Solidity and web3.js as well as other languages, tools, and approaches. In this study, a systematic method is described wherein blockchain smart contracts are used to record patient information and execute tasks in a distributed environment. After a smart contract has been deployed, all transactional communication occurs within its encrypted confines, protecting both the parties and their personal information. As an added bonus, the validated and broadcasted changes intended by the transaction can be checked. To ensure that government agencies have quick access to protected records, there is a cryptocurrency wallet (MetaMask) that stores the information in an encrypted, decentralised manner. Both patients and physicians can use the wallet to log in. In addition, the system will manage and protect all of the doctor and patient’s information. Things like the following are in scope for the proposed system: Users may now access the same information at the same time because to blockchain’s distributed ledger capabilities, which boosts productivity, establishes trust, and lowers barriers to entry. Setting individual permissions for users allows for safe data storage. In addition, the suggested method enables the safe transmission of patient medical records.
In recent years, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have become a topic of discussion in society. NFTs have formed a new culture in the ownership of digital assets. The trading volume has increased, accompanied by the emergence of many creators in the local scene. With the significant opportunities recorded in this industry, many creator communities want to participate in presenting works that can be enjoyed by many people. By studying the variables of Web3 Brand Image and Photo Quality mediated by Collector Utilities Information on the Purchase Intention of prospective collectors in an NFT project, most of these variables have an influence, but one of them does not although it's not significant.
The emergence of the World Wide Web has revolutionized online communication, aiming to achieve global information sharing and communication. However, the current Web 2.0 architecture, which relies on centralized platforms, presents limitations such as restricted user rights, data privacy concerns, and dependence on centralized institutions. Web3, as a concept describing the next evolutionary stage of the internet, offers a solution to these issues by reshaping the internet infrastructure. Web3 provides a foundation for autonomous digital experiences and drives the advancement of the digital economy. This paper offers a thorough exploration of Web3, covering its key technologies, applications, challenges, and opportunities. We begin by introducing the core technologies behind Web3, followed by an exploration of its prominent applications. Finally, we analyze the challenges faced by Web3 and discuss potential research opportunities to address these challenges in the future. In summary, this study comprehensively elaborates on Web3 and lays a solid foundation for subsequent research work, encouraging researchers to explore new frontiers.
Federated Learning is susceptible to various kinds of attacks like Data Poisoning, Model Poisoning and Man in the Middle attack. We perceive Federated Learning as a hierarchical structure, a federation of nodes with validators as the head. The process of validation is done through consensus by employing Novelty Detection and Snowball protocol, to identify valuable and relevant updates while filtering out potentially malicious or irrelevant updates, thus preventing Model Poisoning attacks. The opinion of the validators is recorded in blockchain and trust score is calculated. In case of lack of consensus, trust score is used to determine the impact of validators on the global model. A hyperparameter is introduced to guide the model generation process, either to rely on consensus or on trust score. This approach ensures transparency and reliability in the aggregation process and allows the global model to benefit from insights of most trusted nodes. In the training phase, the combination of IPFS , PGP encryption provides : a) secure and decentralized storage b) mitigates single point of failure making this system reliable and c) resilient against man in the middle attack. The system is realized by implementing in python and Foundry for smart contract development. Global Model is tested against data poisoning by flipping the labels and by introducing malicious nodes. Results found to be similar to that of Flower.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal fomentar a importância de diálogo jurídico sobre os avanços tecnológicos vivenciados atualmente. A internet, desde a sua primeira geração, Web 1.0, transforma a forma como a sociedade se relaciona e troca informações, ao ponto que, atualmente, vive-se o paradigma da sociedade do Big Data. Percebe-se que a evolução da internet contribuí muito para o avanço tecnológico da sociedade, mas ao mesmo tempo direitos e garantias fundamentais estão cada vez mais vulnerabilizados, em razão deste paradigma existente baseado nas características da Web 2.0. Assim, a partir de uma análise sobre a evolução da internet, busca-se avaliar os efeitos jurídicos da Web 2.0 e suas implicações na preservação de fundamentos que tutelam o direito constitucional à proteção de dados, tal como a autodeterminação informativa. Através dessa análise, é exposta tecnologias que buscam inovar a Web 2.0 e que estão balizadas em dispositivos jurídicos existentes atualmente, visando um paradigma que objetiva a criação de ecossistemas digitais descentralizados, seguros e transparentes, conhecido como Web3. No Brasil, para que isso seja possível, sob o ponto de vista jurídico, é necessário acompanhamento constante da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados sobre a temática de inovação tecnológica, com o intuito de regular direitos já existentes, que possam contribuir para um ambiente mais seguro e democrático e possibilitar o estudo de tecnologias já em desenvolvimento em outros países que operam sob o prisma da Web3 e que podem ser a contribuição chave para a democratização segura da internet.
Websites are a great place for marketers to use new technologies to optimize the price of their products. The idea is to increase the conversion rate of users into customers. With the help of our Shoppers Delight, the owner has a better understanding of its rivals and can set variable rates depending on their costs. Paper aims to provide solutions for vendors to sell products at a good deal and save their valuable time, effort, and money. The best deals will be clearly highlighted on the websites. Web3.0 technologies are an emerging set of technologies that have the potential to impact the way we interact with the internet. These technologies focus on creating a user-friendly interface that users could operate at their own pace, with a wider range of functionality in a couple of clicks. Websites will be more interactive, 3D and seamless. They will have built-in payment gateways and offer online services. The web3.0 is a new internet protocol that is decentralized and peer-to-peer.
Negawatts-the reduction in demand-are fungible asset tradable for improved comfort and economic benefit of peers. Blockchain, the latest distributed ledger technology provides a decentralized way to record trading transactions based on consensus mechanism. In this article, a token-based hybrid market model for peer-to-peer negawatt trading is implemented as a decentralized application (DApp) running on Ethereum public blockchain. The development is carried out by integrating HTML based GUI via Web3 based client-side programming to the Solidity-based smart contract. Validation of the model is done using actual data, for the deployment on blockchain in Ganache. The results demonstrate economic benefit to the peers.
Nir Chemaya, Lin William Cong, Emma Joergensen, Dingyue Liu · 5 authors
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is revolutionizing traditional financial services by enabling direct, intermediary-free transactions, thereby generating a substantial volume of open-source transaction data. This evolving DeFi landscape is particularly influenced by the emergence of Layer 2 (L2) solutions, which are poised to enhance network efficiency and scalability significantly, surpassing the existing capabilities of Layer 1 (L1) infrastructures. However, the detailed impact of these L2 solutions has been somewhat obscured due to a dearth of transaction data indices that can provide in-depth economic insights for empirical research. This study seeks to address this critical gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of raw transactions sourced from Uniswap, a central decentralized exchange (DEX) within the DeFi ecosystem. The dataset encompasses an extensive collection of over 50 million transactions from both L1 and L2 networks. Additionally, we have curated a wide-ranging repository of daily indices derived from transaction trading data across prominent blockchain networks, including Ethereum, Optimism, Arbitrum, and Polygon. These indices shed light on crucial network dynamics, such as adoption trends, evaluations of scalability, decentralization metrics, wealth distribution patterns, and other key aspects of the DeFi landscape. This rich dataset serves as an invaluable tool, enabling researchers to dissect the complex interplay between DeFi and Layer 2 solutions, thus enhancing our collective understanding of this rapidly evolving ecosystem. Its notable contribution to the data science pipeline includes the implementation of a flexible, open-source Python framework, enabling the dynamic calculation of decentralization indices, customizable to specific research requirements. This adaptability makes the dataset particularly suitable for advanced machine learning applications, including deep learning, thereby solidifying its role as a critical asset in shaping Blockchain as the foundational infrastructure for the intelligent Web3 ecosystem.