The development of digital technology has changed the socioeconomic mode and spawned new forms of foreign trade such as cross-border e-commerce. As the world's largest free trade agreement, the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement (RCEP) has made many provisions on e-commerce and cross-border e-payment, which has injected new development vitality into the application of digital currency. Digital currency has the characteristics of distributed ledger technology and real-time point-to-point payment. It can overcome the shortcomings of traditional international settlement system, such as long settlement time and high cost. Therefore, the RCEP signing opportunity can be used to build a distributed cross-border payment network of Digital currency and blockchain to further promote the development of cross-border e-commerce. Combined with the application theory of blockchain scenarios, this paper constructs a Digital currency development index system, calculates China's Digital currency development index through entropy method, and uses regression model to analyse the driving effect of Digital currency development on cross-border e-commerce between China and RCEP member states. This paper constructs the Digital currency development index system for the first time, analyses the path relationship between the development of Digital currency and cross-border e-commerce, and provides an evaluation reference system for the development of Digital currency, which is not only conducive to the research on the mechanism relationship between the development of Digital currency and cross-border e-commerce, but also conducive to promoting the innovative development of industrial digitization.
A large majority of people in India are employed in agriculture. To protect their interests, the government of India has implemented laws that restrict the trade of agricultural produce to only regulated marketplaces. These marketplaces are inefficient and need to be replaced with a less bureaucratic yet equally reliable system. This paper proposed a blockchain-based agricultural produce trading platform named “EasyMandi” to alleviate the problems in Indian agricultural markets. Using smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain network, the agriculture product can be auctioned, and the highest bidder wins the product while the contract stores funds that automatically get transferred to the farmer upon delivery. The proposed EasyMandi platform tries to remove the concept of middlemen and the related inefficiencies in the previous marketing system and facilitate farmers to get better prices while being shielded from any risks of fraud or harassment.
Driven by the internet-based advanced information technologies and logistics channel improvement, the cross-border e-commerce industry keeps an increasing trend in Chinese industrial market. Blockchain, as an empowered technology, contributes to the management innovations for industrial sectors. The blockchain technology, due to its transparency, visibility, and dis-intermediation characteristics, helps to improve operations management of cross-border e-commerce supply chain by innovative industrial applications. However, practical applications of the blockchain technique-enabled cross-border e-commerce sector are still in their infancy and still at the proof-of-concept stage. This paper presents a systematic review on blockchain-enabled cross-border e-commerce supply chain management by employing a bibliometric data-driven analysis. All relevant publications from the Web of Science database from 2013 to 2021 were collected as the research samples. Besides, the VosViewer is adopted to conduct the network and co-word study by visualizing collaborative relationships of sampled literatures. Results show that the blockchain technique has substantial applications in the field of cross-border e-commerce supply chain, whose contributions mainly focus on cross-border e-commerce platform, supply chain operations, and data governance and information management. Academic researchers and industrial managers can promote innovative management practices in cross-border e-commerce supply chain by adopting blockchain. Moreover, we hope this study serves as a future direction for both researchers and engineers on leveraging blockchain to improve the supply chain management performance of the cross-border e-commerce.
Mehdi Daryaei, Reza Radfar, Javad Jassbi, Abbass Khamseh
While travelers' desire to visit the world's most remote places has grown, the inefficiency of global payments indicates a significant barrier to tourism growth. As an emerging, decentralized, and borderless digital innovation, Bitcoin technology seems to have the ability to serve as a payment alternative and address such fundamental inefficiencies. On the other hand, bitcoin adoption can only happen when tourists and business owners choose to operate bitcoin simultaneously. The study has developed a novel Bitcoin Collaborative Network and Tourism Collaborative Network model to examine Bitcoin adoption factors. Then a fuzzy DEMATEL method was applied to the factors influencing the adoption domain, as identified based on an extensive literature review, in-depth interviews, and an international Delphi process. The study offered a model for the heterogeneous collaborative network of Bitcoin and Tourism (BCN and TCN), revealing that Perceived Usefulness is the most influencing criterion and the most prominent variable in Bitcoin Adoption. Bitcoin Technological Complexity, Government Regulatory, and Bitcoin Awareness are the factors that give the highest impacts. Also, Bitcoin's Technological Complexity is the most significant factor in bitcoin adoption. The findings might assist businesses in adopting a new market expansion strategy and benefiting from technological spillover, while government officials can explore new supporting legislation.
Blockchain is a chained data structure that connects data blocks in chronological order according to the principle of head to tail connection. It is a distributed ledger technology combined with a variety of network technologies. In essence, it is a decentralized database. In short, the database can be regarded as an account book, and everyone can participate in bookkeeping. As a distributed accounting technology, blockchain makes it possible to monitor the logistics transportation process in real time, and it also makes it easier to track down the responsibility in case of goods to goods problems. Since each node of the blockchain has bookkeeping permission, each entity in the goods transportation can also record the logistics information on the blockchain, which not only records the whole process of goods from delivery to receipt in real time, but also realizes the sharing, openness and transparency of logistics information. blockchain technology takes “distributed ledger” as the solution, and its essence is a decentralized data storage technology. In blockchain technology, there is no central node, each node is completely equal, and all nodes jointly maintain the public database through encryption protocol. Blockchain technology applies cryptography technology to decentralized networks.
Under the background of economic globalization and the rapid development of computer technology in the global coverage of the Internet, the integration of the world economy has been strengthened, and the continuous innovation of technology and foreign trade formats has promoted the rapid development of e-commerce, but there are also small e-commerce entities, weak high trade trust cost, high logistics payment cost, long cycle time, and adjustments caused by data flow. The decentralization, information sharing, irreversibility, and smart contract technology of computer blockchain can change the business model of traditional industries and promote business and social change. Based on the current trend of e-commerce development, this thesis analyzes the problems in the development of e-commerce, discusses the innovation of e-commerce business models, constructs the framework of e-commerce, and gives the issues of trust, customs supervision, payment and other issues. Solution. The logistics and data flow encountered in e-commerce using computer blockchain technology has low emissivity of information, high cost of data format conversion, and it is not easy to form a consensus.
Lack of trust, lack of standards, and low efficiency are the three biggest problems in China’s trade financing at present. With the development and application of new generation technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology, China is in the stage of financial technology 3.0 under the deep integration of finance and technology. In the field of financial technology, the most concerned is the application of blockchain technology in trade finance business. With the successive construction of various blockchain platforms and the acceleration of the internationalization process, the international trade credit risk behind it is also increasing. Among many financial services, trade finance is the most closely integrated field with blockchain technology. In this context, preventing the risks in the business process of international trade enterprises, so as to reduce the cost of financial transactions, improve the effectiveness of financial services, and better serve the real economy is not only the internal development needs of enterprises, but also the national financial strategy needs. In view of the above problems, this paper analyzes the risk factors faced by multinational trading enterprises in the transaction process through the transaction data of some multinational enterprises on mobile phones, and constructs a credit evaluation system of international trading enterprises based on blockchain, in order to enhance the trade risk resistance ability of international trading companies.
As an object of rapid development of Internet technology in recent years, network security has attracted more and more attention from people from all walks of life and has gradually become a topic in international trade activities. The application of blockchain is also extremely extensive, involving many aspects, such as the development of the metaverse game engine and bank financing. With the launch of the Belt and Road strategy, trade exchanges have become more and more frequent, and at the same time, cross-border e-commerce, a new type of industry that applies Internet information technology, has emerged. The application of blockchain technology to international trade big data processing can not only improve the utilization rate of massive transaction information resources shared by enterprises, governments, financial institutions, and other institutions, but also reduce enterprise costs. The use of blockchain improves the efficiency of data storage, reduces the degree of encryption, and reduces the amount of database access and server resource occupation. This paper mainly studied the application of blockchain in international trade big data system, introduced its secure and trusted distributed network architecture, and analyzed its performance. The experimental results showed that the performance of the decentralized manager was better than that of the centralized manager when processing a large amount of data. The peak throughput of the decentralized manager was about 450 pcs/sec and the peak throughput of the centralized manager was about 150 pcs/sec. And the performance of the storage system in the local area network was better than that in the public network.
In the context of the rapid development of Internet technology, the integration of the world economy has been strengthened. The continuous innovation of technology and foreign trade business forms has promoted the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce (CBE). Based on the research on the development status of CBE, this paper analyzes the reasons for the above problems in the development of CBE and discusses the innovation of CBE business models based on blockchain. Its purpose is to study the CBE business model based on big data and blockchain. This paper proposes to build a CBE framework system based on blockchain. It also uses blockchain technology (BT) to provide solutions to the problems of trust, customs supervision, cross-border payment, cross-border logistics, and cross-border data flow encountered in CBE. According to experimental statistics, China’s CBE exports were 7.29 trillion yuan, an increase of 40.1%, and imports were 3.76 trillion yuan, an increase of 16.5%.
Dessanin Ewèdew Thierry Awesso, Marco Zolla, Alastair Marke
This chapter sets out the main functions of artificial intellgence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and distributed ledger technology (DLT) within the environmental sphere and how these technologies can be combined to create more effective climate solutions through weather-pattern prediction, increasing transparency and accounting, technical feasibility and carbon market resilience.
Asif Bhat, Rizal Mohd Nor, Md Amiruzzaman, Md Sayemul Islam
When trustworthy computing is necessary, several applications use blockchain. Trade finance is one of these fields that might greatly benefit from a decentralized method of conducting transactions. This study gives the first evaluation of Accepire-BT, a software platform designed for the practice of collaborative Trade Finance. Smart contracts enforce the suggested solution using Solidity, the core programming language of the Ethereum blockchain. Remix and MetaMask were used to assess the performance of the Rinkeby test network. Per cycle, smart contracts need less than one minute, according to the findings of the early test. Also included is a discussion of the fees associated with using the public Ethereum Rinkeby network.
The digitalization and adoption of advanced technologies in supply chain and logistics not only change the business model but also transfer logistics infrastructure to a service-oriented architecture and introduce new avenues concerning supply chain 4.0 (SC4.0). Sharing logistic assets between various businesses leads to improving logistics work, enhancing work productivity, and reducing logistics expenses and environmental impact. However, due to the lack of a secure, trustworthy, and open sharing platform, the companies are not willing to rely on sharing economics. Aiming to improve trust-ability, openness, and interoperability in the SC4.0, this paper presents a blockchain-enabled hyperconnected logistics platform. Firstly, the Open Logistic platform (OL) is proposed, and the key characteristics of this platform are explained. Secondly, the concept of proof of delivery (PoD) based on smart contracts is defined and developed to explore its rule-based management and control among the dynamic assets sharing. Thirdly, the Blockchain asset sharing service is designed and discussed in the context of asset sharing. Fourthly to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed platform, a simulation environment is developed, and OL is implemented based on the case study.
With the ceaseless expanding of big data and the Internet, it has more and more affected people’s life. The collection and construction of information has become the front-end technology of current industrial development. News reports and self-media channels are also more extensive. As one of the sections of news reports, sports has also encountered opportunities and challenges in its dissemination. As an innovative technology, blockchain has brought new impetus to the development of sports industry. It is also driving new technological upgrades and visual experiences. Blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner according to time sequence and is a cryptographically guaranteed untameably and unforgeable distributed ledger. Sports communication has more development opportunities in modern life. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore a new path of physical integration and dissemination based on the theory of blockchain, analyze the development and integration path in the application of blockchain technology, and explore their respective advantages and disadvantages. This article will use the research method of specific analysis of specific problems to make data comparison and draw a conclusion, to carry out theoretical innovation and exploration, so as to find a suitable model to promote the development of sports industry. The so-called “sports big data” refers to the analysis and application of data in sports scenarios. Combined with competitive sports, the significance of data analysis lies in improving the level of competition and preventing sports injuries. The research results show that sports companies using blockchain technology have increased their communication efficiency by 37%, and audience popularity has increased by 15% year on year. The decentralized and anonymous features of blockchain technology ensure the originality and enthusiasm of sports data news teams. Therefore, through the analysis of the selection of application scenes and technologies of the sports industry by the blockchain technology, combined with the characteristics of the current era, the transformation is fully absorbed and combined with a new perspective. This paper analyzes different application dilemmas and explores the development prospects, thus putting forward the implementation path of physical industry blockchain technology application.
To build an agricultural product network marketing system in the era of e-commerce, it is necessary for agricultural product business enterprises or farmers to recognize the benefits of using e-commerce to market agricultural products and face up to its influencing factors and to build a support system, application system, and guarantee system with the support of the government to promote agricultural product e-commerce marketing to obtain healthy development. In this study, we study the construction mode of e-commerce agricultural product online marketing system based on the end of blockchain and improved genetic algorithm. This study adopts the design idea of coalition chain and proposes a multichain agricultural product trading information blockchain application technology including agricultural product trading information chain, user information chain, and agricultural product information chain. The agricultural product information chain provides detailed information of agricultural products and ensures the traceability and non-tamperability of the information. It automatically divides the profits of transactions through smart contracts to improve execution efficiency and reduce transaction costs and finally establishes a transparent, efficient, and applicable blockchain architecture for agricultural product transactions.
Roshan Jahan, Abdul Majid, Alina Khan, Aksha Malik · 5 authors
Blockchain has emerged as a revolutionary alternative for ensuring authenticity, fostering trust, and improving transparency in supply chain management, particularly within the rapidly expanding secondary markets for luxury and collectible items. This article provides a comprehensive assessment and analysis of blockchain applications specifically designed to address significant issues, including counterfeit products, provenance verification, and consumer trust in the resale market. Users may access the transfer history, ownership history, and validity of a product due to the blockchain's decentralized and unchangeable record properties. Blockchain significantly enhances item traceability, elevates consumer confidence, and increases resale values due to the emphasis on verified authenticity in both empirical and theoretical research. While implementing the blockchain technology users faces considerable challenges that includes data security concerns, high infrastructure costs, extensive interoperability issues, and technological complexities across several sectors. This article focuses on critical implementation approaches via qualitative secondary research and methodical examination of academic publications, industry reports, and case studies, notably featuring the Aura Blockchain Consortium. The research shows that blockchain has the potential to transform the resale business by reducing transaction costs, enhancing efficiency, and fostering a reliable marketplace; nevertheless, ongoing developments and standardization are essential for wider use and integration. It encompasses smart contract-based Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), public versus private blockchain topologies, and the secure association of tangible items with their NFTs.
Abstract: Blockchain: Industry 4.0 involves innovations with upcoming digital technologies, and blockchain is one of them. Blockchain can be incorporated to improve security, privacy, and data transparency both for small and large enterprises. Industry 4.0 is a synthesis of the new production methods that allow manufacturers to achieve their target more rapidly. Research has been conducted on various Industry 4.0 technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, and Blockchain, and how they could create significant interruptions in recent years. These technologies provide various possibilities in the world of manufacturing and supply chain. Blockchain is a technology that has gained much recognition and can enhance the manufacturing and supply chain environment. Various fields now have fascinating insights into the advantages of blockchain. Several research articles on “Blockchain” and “Industry 4.0” from Google Scholar, Scopus, and other relevant sources are identified and reviewed for this study. This paper discusses the major potential of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. Various drivers, enablers, and associated capabilities of Blockchain technology for Industry 4.0 are discussed for insights. Different Industry 4.0 spheres/sub-domains for Blockchain technology realisation are also discussed. Finally, we have identified and studied fourteen significant applications of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. It is a range of new developments and hope for immense opportunities that are changing Industry 4.0. This technology would work to achieve amplified outcomes and work individually to enhance the process. Keywords: Education, Online Product learning, Ledgers, Bitcoin, Blocks, Smart Contracts, EOS.
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Jun Chen, Shiyan Xu, Kaikai Liu, Shuqi Yao · 6 authors
In order to cut down on costs to the greatest possible extent, enterprises hope to distribute goods to different customers at the lowest costs possible. Based on this, this paper proposes an optimal location method for an intelligent transportation logistics warehouse. This scheme combines a variety of complex mechanisms to allow IoT devices to provide input. The scheme makes full use of the irreducibility of a blockchain system to promote the development and design of blockchain logistics applications. This method is aimed at tracking the progress of transportation of products in the whole supply chain. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional methods, the optimal positioning method has the advantages of fewer calculations, a high positioning accuracy, and a low overall cost, and it obtains the best warehouse positioning results. Based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology, the application of intelligent logistics systems enables enterprises to intuitively understand their current inventory and the transportation status of goods, thus better controlling changes in enterprise resources.
The promise of TradeTech – the set of technologies that enables global trade to become more efficient, inclusive and sustainable – is multifaceted, from trade facilitation to efficiency gains and reduced costs, to greater transparency and resilience of supply chains. Of particular interest for this publication is the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) and the internet of things (IoT) to shape the global trade ecosystem.
In this paper, we consider the Vennia algorithm to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the traceability of dual-chain blockchain agricultural products' E-commerce information. This paper adds a collaborative verification module to the traceability system and carries out a detailed design of information storage, traceability consensus algorithm, and smart contract for agricultural products according to the characteristics of the agricultural products supply chain, among which the collaborative verification module adopts dynamic data storage technology; the ConsiderVinia consensus algorithm is improved by introducing the way of integral penalty mechanism to ensure the block data validity. After a comparative study of the features and differences of the three major blockchain technology platforms, this paper selects the super ledger to implement the agricultural traceability system based on blockchain technology, introduces the partitioning and credit mechanism into the ConsiderVinia algorithm, and elaborates the improvement process of the algorithm. The improved algorithm reduces the malicious behavior of nodes and maintains the system security through a credit mechanism while maintaining the consistency of blockchain. In the event of a transaction dispute, the third-party platform will determine the party at fault based on the transaction records and other evidence and make corresponding punishments and compensations. The experiment proves that the algorithm proposed in this paper can reduce the amount of network data transmission in the process of node consensus, which is better than the ConsiderVinia algorithm in terms of both throughput and latency, improves the consensus efficiency, and alleviates the communication bottleneck caused by the increase of users in blockchain applications, and the solution of applying the blockchain technology to the agricultural products traceability system is practical and feasible. The blockchain-based agricultural products information traceability system solves the problems of information asymmetry, difficult sharing, easy tampering, and storage centralization in the traditional IoT-based agricultural products traceability system and truly realizes the credible and reliable traceability of the whole chain of agricultural products information. The research content and results of this paper have certain theoretical and practical values.
<p>Blockchain is a distributed ledger formed by sequentially adding consensual blocks linked by cryptography.Which create a reliable cooperation mechanism for shared employees because it can be traceable and can not be forged.The shared employees was born in 2020 as a temporary measure to address the imbalance in personnel allocation among certain industries amid the spread of COVID-19.With the help of blockchain technology, shared employees can achieve rapid development in the establishment of trust mechanism, traceability of employees’ background, and the establishment of credit evaluation system .The new economic model of shared employees supported by blockchain technology may bring benefits to the transformation of employment mode, the upgrading of industrial structure and even the economic integration of urban and rural areas in China.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
With more and more public involvement in the charity field, higher requirements are put forward for user privacy protection in the charity system. As a decentralized, anonymous and immutable distributed ledger, blockchain provides a new idea to solve the privacy protection problems in charity systems. Aiming at the problem of data privacy protection of charity system, user-oriented and data-oriented privacy protection methods are proposed. User-oriented privacy protection by writing smart contracts to limit users' access to data and ensure the privacy of data; Data-oriented privacy protection encrypts data by using encryption algorithms. In this paper, an improved AES algorithm is proposed. By dynamically constructing S-box, the algorithm does not have obvious structural characteristics, and various properties are random transformation, which increases the difficulty of cracking; At the same time, the AES algorithm is parallelized to improve the encryption and decryption rates. Experimental results show that the improved AES algorithm can ensure the security of data encryption in charity system and improve the operation efficiency.