Maria do Rosário de Fátima Martins Ferreira, Bernardo Ferreira de Moura Ribeiro, Alcemir Rodrigues Santos, Ricardo de Andrade Lira Rabêlo
Blockchain technology is no longer just about cryptocurrencies.Companies are increasingly exploring the use cases available to increase the added value of their products and services, as well as improving the security and strengthening the trust of their systems.However, developing and maintaining applications based on this technology is still a major challenge, especially when it comes to integrating them with various web applications, what are now known as Web3 applications.Hyperledger FireFly has emerged as a solution with the potential to ease new developers onto the path of developing such applications.Considering the scarcity of teaching material, as well as learning opportunities for beginners in this technology, this chapter proposes an introductory experience for this target audience to get started in the development of Web3 applications.
Web3 describes an idea for the next evolution of the Internet, where blockchain technology enables the Internet of Value. As Web3 software, decentralized applications (DApps) have emerged in recent years. There exists a natural link between DApps and cryptocurrencies, where faults in DApps could directly lead to monetary losses associated with cryptocurrencies. Hence, efficient fault localization technology is of paramount importance for urgent DApp rescue operations and the mitigation of financial losses. However, fault localization methods applied in traditional applications are not well-suited for this specific field, due to their inability to identify DApp-specific fault features, e.g., a substantial amount of cryptocurrency is transferred from DApps to hackers. In order to explore the root cause of DApp faults, some researchers try to identify suspicious code snippets through mutation testing. Nonetheless, applying mutation testing for DApp fault localization is time-consuming and thus limited in practice. This paper conducts the first comprehensive study of DApp fault localization. We introduce DAppFL, a learning-based DApp fault localization tool that performs reverse engineering to gather executed source code and then trace cryptocurrency flow to assist in locating faulty functions. We also present the inaugural dataset for DApp fault localization, providing a new benchmark for this domain.Our experimental results demonstrate that DAppFL locates 63% of faults within the Top-5, 23% more than the state-of-the-art method. To facilitate further research, our code and dataset are freely available online: https://github.com/xplanet-sysu/awesome-works#dappfl.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are transforming the digital art by allowing artists to sell unique, one-of-a-kind digital artwork that is verified on the blockchain. Although NFTs have attracted much attention from academia and industry, little is known about this innovative art practice. In this work, we focus on how NFT artists understand their art creation process, interact with NFT marketplaces, and face challenges in their NFT practices. We conducted a mixed-method study, including interviews with 19 artists and an analysis of market transactions on OpenSea and SuperRare. We found that serialization and Web3 concepts are significant features in NFT artwork creations, and artists utilize artificial intelligence and smart contracts to create artworks incorporating these features. Artists perceived that blockchain features like transparency, openness, and authentication strongly influenced their NFT trading experiences, and they also encountered challenges such as determining artwork value, rights ownership, and addressing technical issues in the creation process.
This study addresses the substantial gap in the academic literature on blockchain technology literacy by proposing a Blockchain Technology Literacy Test (BTLT). Through a comprehensive literature review of eight databases, only nine publications with limited focus on blockchain technology literacy were identified. The inconsistency in definitions and predominant emphasis on cryptocurrency literacy further complicate the development of standardized assessments. Based on the results of the literature review and the development of the BTLT, with a focus on terms and technological aspects, an updated list of cryptocurrency literacy questions was proposed as the Cryptocurrency Literacy Test (CLT) to avoid duplications and redundancy in the assessment of relevant blockchain technology and cryptocurrency-related knowledge. The BTLT and CLT aim to distinguish between blockchain technology and cryptocurrency literacy, thereby ensuring comprehensive and accurate assessments. The findings emphasize the need for clear definitions and frameworks within the blockchain ecosystem and call for expanded research to include emerging applications, such as DeFi, DeSci, DAOs, and Web3. This study provides a foundation for future educational efforts and literacy assessments in blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies.
Muhammad Asfund Khalid, Muhammad Usman Hassan, Fahim Ullah, Khursheed Ahmed
Purpose The debate around automation through digital technologies has gathered traction in line with the advancement of Industry 4.0. Blockchain-powered construction progress payment has emerged as an area that can benefit from such automation. However, the challenges inherent in real-time construction payment processes cannot be solely mitigated by blockchain. Including building information modeling (BIM)-based schedule information stored in decentralized storage linked with a smart contract (SC) can allow the efficient administration of payments. Accordingly, this study aims to present an integrated BIM-blockchain system (BBS) to administer decentralized progress payments in construction projects. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method approach is adopted, including an extensive literature review, development of the integrated BBS, and a case study with 13 respondents to test and validate the BBS. This study proposes a BBS that extracts the invoices from BIM and pushes them to the decentralized app (dApp) for digital payment to the contractor through the Ethereum blockchain. The Solc npm package was used to compile the backend SC. Next.js was used to create the front end of the dApp. The Web3 npm package is paramount in developing a dApp. A total of 13 construction professionals working on the case study project were engaged through a questionnaire survey to comment on and validate the proposed BBS. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the case study data to apprehend the responses of expert professionals. Findings The proposed BBS creates an SC, enables sender verification, checks contract complaints, verifies bills, and processes the currency flow based on a coded payment logic. After passing the initial checks, the bill amount is processed and made available for the contractor to claim. Every activity on dApp leaves its trace on the blockchain ledger. A control mechanism for accepting or rejecting the invoice is also incorporated into the system. The case study-based validation confirmed that the proposed BBS could increase payment efficiency (92.3%), tackle financial misconduct (84.6%), ensure transparency and audibility (92.4%), and ensure payment security (61%) in construction projects. A total of 46.2% of respondents were skeptical of the BBS because of its dependency on cryptocurrencies. A further 23.1% of respondents indicated that the price fluctuation of cryptocurrencies is a major barrier to BBS adoption. Others highlighted the absence of legal frameworks for cryptocurrencies’ usage. Originality/value This study opens the avenue for the application of dApp for autonomous contract management and progress payments, which is flexible with applications across various construction processes. Overall, it is a potential solution to the endemic problem of cash flow that has devastating consequences for all project stakeholders. This is also aligned with the goals of Industry 4.0, where process automation is a key focus. The study provides a practice application for automated progress payments that can be leveraged in construction projects across the globe.
Nowadays, federated recommendation technology is rapidly evolving to help multiple organisations share data and train models while meeting user privacy, data security and government regulatory requirements. However, federated recommendation increases customer system costs such as power, computational and communication resources. Besides, federated recommendation systems are also susceptible to model attacks and data poisoning by participating malicious clients. Therefore, most customers are unwilling to participate in federated recommendation without any incentive. To address these problems, we propose a blockchain-based federated recommendation system with incentive mechanism to promote more trustworthy, secure, and efficient federated recommendation service. First, we construct a federated recommendation system based on NeuMF and FedAvg. Then we introduce a reverse auction mechanism to select optimal clients that can maximize the social surplus. Finally, we employ blockchain for on-chain evidence storage of models to ensure the safety of the federated recommendation system. The experimental results show that our proposed incentive mechanism can attract clients with superior training data to engage in the federal recommendation at a lower cost, which can increase the economic benefit of federal recommendation by 54.9\% while improve the recommendation performance. Thus our work provides theoretical and technological support for the construction of a harmonious and healthy ecological environment for the application of federal recommendation.
Yavuz Selim Kıyak, Işıl İrem Budakoğlu, Özlem Çoşkun
<b>Aim:</b> We aimed to reveal awareness of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) among clinical year students (fourth, fifth, and sixth years in undergraduate medical training) in a medical school. <br><b>Methods:</b> This was a descriptive study. The participants were clinical year medical students in a medical school. We developed an electronic survey form on blockchain, Holochain, and other DLTs. Self-perceived knowledge levels on DLTs and Web3 were solicited, as well as DLT-based cryptocurrency-related questions to understand their practical involvement. This approach was taken because, while DLTs are used in healthcare and education, their most common application is in cryptocurrencies. We reported descriptive statistics. <br><b>Results:</b> Total number of participants was 546. Of the students, 74.7% have never heard of blockchain, and 86.3% have never heard of Holochain. DLTs such as DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), Hashgraph, and Tempo have never been heard of by over 90% of the students. 75.3% stated they are worried about the security and privacy of their data on the internet. 20.3% of the students stated that they have purchased a cryptocurrency at least once, 7.9% used a cryptocurrency wallet where they hold its private key, and 6.8% used a decentralized exchange. If there were an elective course on DLTs in the faculty, 54.8% of the students would be willing to take this course. <br><b>Conclusions:</b> DLT and Web3 awareness among medical students is low. However, there is an interest in taking an elective course on these technologies. In order to create awareness, medical schools could leverage this interest to learn more about Web3 solutions.
A gestão esportiva está se tornando mais desafiadora com os avanços tecnológicos a partir das transformações significativas nos modelos de negócios e na interação entre fãs e clubes. A Web3 oferece uma oportunidade para melhorar essa gestão, trazendo maior eficiência, transparência e envolvimento das partes interessadas, podendo revolucionar a interação dos fãs e a monetização de equipes, permitindo uma participação mais ativa de seus torcedores. As Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas (DAOs) representam uma inovação que pode promover maior transparência, engajamento dos fãs e eficiência na gestão esportiva, introduzindo um novo modelo de governança, possibilitando decisões mais democráticas e colaborativas. No entanto, a adoção dessas tecnologias ainda enfrenta desafios e requer uma mudança cultural no setor esportivo. Objetivo: Verificar, compreender e analisar como a aplicação da Web3 pode auxiliar no potencial dos negócios no setor esportivo com a adoção das tecnologias emergentes. Materiais e métodos: O primeiro estudo consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando a metodologia PRISMA e EBSE, onde foram analisados 37 estudos primários sobre a aplicação da tecnologia blockchain no esporte. Esse levantamento permitiu um entendimento abrangente das aplicações atuais e do potencial futuro dessa tecnologia no setor esportivo. O segundo estudo, também baseado em uma revisão sistemática, analisou 25 artigos específicos sobre fan tokens, abordando suas características técnicas e seu papel na melhoria da participação dos fãs em decisões menores dos clubes esportivos. No terceiro estudo, foi realizada uma análise correlacional de 20 fan tokens, utilizando dados financeiros e de mercado coletados do site CoinGecko. A análise revelou que a avaliação totalmente diluída (FDV) dos tokens correlaciona-se significativamente com o preço e a capitalização de mercado, indicando que as expectativas futuras estão alinhadas com as avaliações de mercado. Entretanto, a proporção de capitalização do mercado (M/FDV) apresentou correlação negativa, sugerindo que uma menor M/FDV pode indicar uma tendência de aumento nos preços futuros devido à percepção de subvalorização. No quarto estudo, foi proposto um modelo conceitual para a criação e utilização de uma DAO para a gestão de uma entidade esportiva, baseado em princípios de governança e empoderamento da comunidade. Esse modelo destaca a importância de uma abordagem colaborativa entre clubes, fãs, desenvolvedores de tecnologia e reguladores para a concretização do potencial dessas inovações. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados encontrados nos artigos, observou-se que a tecnologia blockchain tem potencial para revolucionar a gestão esportiva, tornando-a mais inclusiva, transparente e eficiente. Os fan tokens destacam-se como uma ferramenta significativa para aumentar o engajamento dos fãs e gerar novas fontes de receita. No entanto, a concretização desse potencial depende de uma abordagem colaborativa entre clubes, fãs, desenvolvedores de tecnologia e reguladores. A dualidade desses ativos, enquanto promovem uma conexão entre os fãs, introduz complexidades técnicas, financeiras e regulatórias que requerem atenção. Pesquisas futuras devem focar na criação de diretrizes regulatórias específicas e na análise do impacto econômico e social dessas inovações para maximizar os benefícios e superar os desafios associados à sua adoção no setor esportivo
WEB3 technologies on network architectures, distributed ledgers and decentralised artificial intelligence represent a transformative shift in how data are handled, stored and shared. These innovations promise to significantly enhance consumer data privacy rights by addressing fundamental vulnerabilities associated with traditional centralised systems and self-custody wallets. Data breaches in traditional systems operated mainly by third parties are more common, resulting in significant data leaks because of centralised storage and excessive data movement, sometimes unnecessarily. Healthcare data breaches have been a growing concern globally. Several hospitals faced operational halts on account of the impact of ransomware on patient care and privacy. WEB3 Wallets are a vital component emerging as a significant force for global financial inclusion, especially in developing economies. They promote inclusion, reduce costs and empower individuals through self-custody. Though major improvements are needed in these wallets, their use is rising steadily. The global cryptocurrency user base is expected to reach over 500 million by 2025, with substantial growth in emerging markets, according to a report by Statista in 2023. This paper introduces a concept beyond cryptocurrencies and finance into everyday real-world use cases that need combinatorial access to a person's holistic data, including financial and health records, genomic data, advanced directives, among others, that need to be privacy protected and shared with specific actors identified for their roles in the WEB3 ecosystem through decentralised identifiers and non-fungible token badges identifying particular recipients. The author introduced the concept at ETHBoston in April 2024, won accolades for a primitive implementation using underlying threshold cryptography technologies, and enhanced it into a conceptual holistic data share application for global healthcare as presented in this paper.
As digital interactions continue to shift toward decentralized platforms, the limitations of centralized identity systems such as data silos, lack of user control, and reliance on intermediaries have become increasingly apparent. This research introduces a structured, multi-layered framework to support the design and implementation of trustless digital identity systems aligned with the principles of Web3. The proposed model integrates five core components: standardized identity protocols, regulatory alignment, user-centric design, trusted institutional participation, and enterprise integration through middleware. Each layer addresses critical challenges such as legal recognition, interoperability, usability, and system scalability. By combining decentralized technologies with practical governance and user experience strategies, the framework aims to enable secure, verifiable, and portable identities that function across jurisdictions and platforms. This paper offers a foundational approach to advancing digital identity infrastructure in a way that is technically robust and socially inclusive
CoinFolks, a Web3-focused multi-platform media company, faces lower engagement and follower metrics compared to competitors in Indonesia.This study analyzes the company's internal and external environments using frameworks like RBV, VRIO, Porter's Value Chain, and SWOT based on primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data from market trends and competitor strategies.The findings highlight CoinFolks' valuable and unique resources, such as expertise in content creation, research capabilities, educational resources, strong community engagement, and strategic partnerships.The proposed marketing strategy includes enhancing promotional content, leveraging data analytics for targeted marketing, and fostering community ties through interactive formats.These strategies aim to boost CoinFolks' brand awareness and engagement, strengthening its market position and promoting long-term growth in the Indonesian Web3 media landscape.
В умовах стрімкої глобалізації, цифрової трансформації та зростання економічної нестабільності сучасні підприємства стикаються з необхідністю адаптації до змінних ринкових умов, вдосконалення бізнес-процесів та підвищення рівня економічної безпеки. У цьому контексті сучасні технології управління відіграють важливу роль у забезпеченні ефективності діяльності організацій, створенні гнучких стратегічних моделей та мінімізації ризиків. Дослідження Bain & Company та інших авторитетних джерел демонструють актуальність та ефективність використання новітніх управлінських інструментів і трендів, що охоплюють різні аспекти функціонування бізнесу. У статті розглядаються основні категорії управлінських інструментів і трендів. Цифровізація є ключовим драйвером трансформації підприємств, і у цій категорії найпоширенішими інструментами є управління клієнтським досвідом, ШІ та машинне навчання, Agile-менеджмент, Web3 і блокчейн та дизайн-мислення. Високий рівень задоволеності впровадженням цих технологій свідчить про їхню ефективність у підвищенні продуктивності, автоматизації процесів та покращенні взаємодії з клієнтами. Організаційна структура та управління персоналом є критичними факторами стабільності компаній, і у цій категорії найчастіше на підприємствах використовують системи залучення співробітників, програми управління змінами, гнучкі моделі роботи та заяви про мету, місію та бачення. Використання цих інструментів сприяє підвищенню залученості персоналу, ефективному управлінню змінами та формуванню сильної корпоративної культури. Операційна ефективність залишається одним із головних чинників конкурентоспроможності підприємств, і забезпечується такими інструментами та трендами, як управління ланцюгами поставок, загальне управління якістю, реінжиніринг бізнес-процесів, Lean Six Sigma, зменшення складності та бюджетування на нульовій основі, які дозволяють оптимізувати операції, знижувати витрати та забезпечувати стабільний розвиток компаній. Гнучке стратегічне планування та ефективне управління фінансами є необхідними умовами стійкого розвитку бізнесу, і базується на використанні динамічного стратегічного планування та бюджетування, цілях та основних результатах, сценарному аналізі і плануванні на випадок непередбачених ситуацій, збалансованій системі показників, стратегіях зацікавлених сторін та корпоративному венчурному капіталі.
Decentralization is currently the talk of the tech world as a solution to privacy concerns. Decentralized systems empower users with data control, in contrast to centralized models. Blockchain technology, the key to this change, increases security and transparency in various sectors, including social media. Evidently, the blockchain-based startup industry reached a record high of $2.4 billion in the first quarter of 2024, driven by significant annual growth and large venture capital investments. Blockchain presents a decentralized alternative, offering greater security and transparency. Users gain greater convenience and freedom of activity by integrating technologies such as metaverse, Web3, DeFi, DAOs, and smart contracts. When facing governance challenges, decentralized blockchains can create a more secure and liberating “second world”. This paper explores and illustrates the transformative potential of a decentralized social media platform based on blockchain technology. By mapping the technology's features, user activities, challenges, and opportunities, this paper aims to provide strategic guidance for the public to accelerate the adoption of the technology, drive innovation, and provide critical solutions to address privacy and freedom of expression challenges in the industry. The research methodology combines a qualitative approach with a literature review and interviews.
Vivianne de Aquino Rodrigues, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0687613272301770
A tecnologia blockchain pode revolucionar a maneira como as empresas controlam seus negócios, podendo prover soluções para meios de pagamentos seguros, identificação digital e contratos empresariais. Através desse trabalho foi possível integrar diversas áreas de conhecimento, buscando unir conceitos de redes blockchain e contratos inteligentes. Este estudo propõe uma solução, que utiliza a tecnologia Blockchain, para a criação de um sistema de contrato inteligente com multiassinatura de forma serial, sendo inovador pois os participantes não precisam estar logados simultaneamente na mesma plataforma para assinar o contrato. Possui o intuito de mostrar o uso e eficácia das redes blockchain em aplicações empresariais, além de realizar um estudo sobre segurança dessas redes através de uma prova de conceito com Smart Contracts, que supera as limitações e inseguranças das plataformas tradicionais de assinaturas de contratos. Para a criação da interface do contrato utilizou-se a plataforma de desenvolvimento de contratos inteligentes Full Stack Web3 sCrypt-TS, que possibilita ao usuário criar o contrato de maneira ágil e segura. Para assegurar os aspectos relacionados à segurança, foram realizados testes, em diferentes cenários e por fim é gerado uma análise dos resultados encontrados. Com isso, constatou-se que a solução desenvolvida atende as exigências de segurança e confidencialidade do mercado empresarial, bem como possibilita inúmeras pesquisas e aplicações.
This chapter discusses cloud computing and how Web3 technologies are giving rise to decentralized cloud, especially decentralized storage. The chapter is divided into five parts. The first few parts discuss cloud technology along with different types of cloud storage solutions. Then the focus moves to the use of blockchains with the cloud technology. The benefits and limitations of using blockchain technology with the cloud are also discussed. Then decentralized storage is discussed using the examples of IPFS and Filecoin.
This chapter briefly discusses how decentralization can emerge as a separate industry as Decentralization as a Service’ (DaaS). This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part covers the existing service models in the Web3 space, and the second part explores how decentralization as a service can be positioned in the space.
This chapter delves into the question of whether it is possible to build Web3 platforms without the use of dedicated tokens. The chapter is divided into three major parts. The first part discusses the roles tokens play on Web3 platforms. The second part discusses the problems tokens can bring to a Web3 platform, and the last section discusses various ways Web3 platforms can minimize the use of tokens.
This chapter is designed to help the readers build a solid foundation on Web3. The chapter is divided into three parts. The first part intends to build the conceptual foundation on Web3 – the primary qualities of Web3. The second part covers how Web3 fits into long-term technical and business evolutions. The third part delves into the core technology that enables Web3. This part is further divided into six parts – distributed systems, blockchains, smart contracts and tokens, blockchain economics, Ethereum, and Ethereum virtual machine.
The primary theme of the book is decentralization making this chapter one of the most important chapters in this book. This chapter delves into the concept of decentralization. The chapter is divided into nine parts. The first few parts discuss the concept of decentralization. Then the discussion turns to the governance of tech platforms and decentralized governance on Web3 platforms. The chapter ends with a few case studies on DAO-based governance on Web3 platforms.
The chapter delves into the details of Web3 architectures. The chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is conceptual and covers how Web3 systems are designed as networks contrasting the layered design of Web2 platforms. The second part discusses the elements of Web3 networks, and the third part covers the third-party elements that play very important roles in Web3 systems. This section is further divided into six parts and covers scaling solutions, oracles, privacy protocols, communication protocols, interoperability solutions, and a brief discussion on decentralized identity solutions.
With the advent of Bitcoin, a cryptographically-enabled peer-to-peer digital payment system, blockchain together with a whole package of distributed ledger technologies, which serve as the underlying foundation of all the crypto-currencies, have been gaining attention from both academia and industry in the last fifteen years. The recent years have witnessed tremendous momentum in the development of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies, largely due to the impressive rise in the market capital of these digital tokens. More and more industries, from banking and insurance, to supply chain and e-commerce, are quickly realizing the great potential in blockchain technology in efficiency boost, process automation and secure data sharing across otherwise isolated data silos. Furthermore, as the recognition of the data value began to sink in, data assets has become an essential part of the development of enterprises and countries. Blockchain technology is regarded as the foundation of digital economy and provides an effective approach for data ownership, pricing and transactions, which are the core issues of data asset management. However, the potential implications of Blockchain technologies go far beyond their application as the technological backbone for cryptocurrencies. Web3.0, using blockchain as underlying technology, allow for various novel application scenarios, which are built upon distributed consensus and thus are hard to block or censor while providing public verifiability of peer-to-peer transactions without a trusted central party. Web3.0 are expected to become the main front for a plethora of highly expressive applications. To more thoroughly explore the potential of blockchain and web3.0 and promote their progress, SDBD'24 will provide a forum for the most recent blockchain and web3.0 research, innovations, and applications, bridging the gap between theory and practice in the design.
Laura Ricci, Barbara Guidi, Andrea Michienzi, Andrea Tagarelli · 5 authors
Web3 describes the next generation of the Internet, built on top of various technologies, such as Blockchain Technology, Semantic Web, etc. Web3 proposal claims a vision of the Internet that can cut the intermediation of Big tech companies by completely decentralizing the web through blockchain technology, which enables the integration of cryptocurrencies and tokens in many social media platforms, currently referred to as Blockchain Online Social Media (BOSMs) platforms. These give the possibility both to reward users for their social actions and to define Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), digital assets representing real-world objects like art, collectibles, music, game items, videos, and even tickets creating a new form of decentralized finance, called Social Finance (SocialFi). BOSMs give users the possibility to monetize and tokenize their social influence, and they act as the common ground for the sale or transfer of NFTs. In this paper, we propose an overview of AWESOME, a framework for advanced analysis of Web3 BOSMs, specifically conceived to suit their nature based on intertwined and stratified social and economic contexts. We highlight the characteristics of the framework by describing the objectives and we present the preliminary results. Furthermore, the paper proposes a classification of current Web3 BOSMs, which improves the literature by taking into account the changes and the new applications of Web3 Social Media, which now include Virtual Worlds and Gaming platforms.