Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
1,898 results · page 41 of 80
Yoon-Chow Yeong, Khairul Shafee Kalid, K.S. Savita, Mohammad Nazir Ahmad · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Hyeon‐Ah Moon, Sooyong Park
Abstract This study is an attempt to evaluate the compliance problem regarding the current status of the establishment of agreed‐upon interfaces for tokens, which are the most important type of applications of the Ethereum blockchain. The authors analysed the existing application programming interface standard interface called Ethereum Request for Comment 20 (ERC‐20), proposed functional ERC‐20 specifications, and evaluated the real‐world token smart contracts that have been deployed and used for transactions on a blockchain. For the evaluation, the authors developed an automatic tool with a test suite based on the proposed functional specifications. The authors' experiment revealed that no top‐100 market capitalization token smart contracts turned out to agree perfectly based on the functional specifications. In addition, the authors found the de facto standard behaviour deduced through testing with the functional specifications and suggested a possible countermeasure for the compliance problem in dealing with multiple tokens together.
Franz J. Hinzen, Kose John, Fahad Saleh
No abstract is available for this record.
César Soto-Valero, Martin Monperrus, Benoît Baudry
The rise of blockchain technologies has triggered tremendous research interest, coding efforts, and monetary investments in the last decade. Ethereum is the single largest programmable blockchain platform today. It features cryptocurrency trading, digital art, and decentralized finance through smart contracts. So-called Ethereum nodes operate the blockchain, relying on a vast supply chain of third-party software dependencies maintained by diverse organizations. These software suppliers have a direct impact on the reliability and the security of Ethereum. In this article, we perform an analysis of the software supply chain of Java Ethereum nodes and distill the challenges of maintaining and securing this blockchain technology.
Murat Akkaya
Kripto para, mal ve hizmet satın almada çevrimiçi işlemleri güvence altına alan güçlü bir kriptografiye sahip hesap defteri kullanan dijital bir para birimidir Kripto para birimlerinin küresel sınırları yoktur ve kullanımları kolaydır. İşlemleri kaydetmek için bir cüzdan oluşturulur ve hemen kullanılır. Kripto para birimleri özellikle son yıllarda ön plana çıksa da tarihsel bir süreçleri bulunmaktadır. Kripto para birimleri özellikle Coronavirus (COVID-19) salgınında popülaritesini artırmıştır. Artan hacim ve güçlü piyasa kazancına rağmen Kripto para birimlerine şüphe ile yaklaşan ünlü ekonomistler de bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 11 Aralık 2017 - 31 Mart 2021 döneminde Bitcoin fiyatını etkileyen ekonomik ve finansal göstergelerin belirlenmesidir. Değişkenler düzey seviyede birim kök taşıdığından ve ilk farklarında durağan olduklarından duruma uygun olan eşbütünleşme testi tercih edilmiştir. Johansen eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında uzun dönemde 1 eş bütünleşme denkleminin var olduğu görülmüştür. Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli ise Bitcoin fiyatının kısa dönemde belirlenen ekonomik ve finansal değişkenlerden etkilenmediğini göstermektedir. Bitcoin fiyatı spekülasyona açık bir digila varlıktır.
B. Sriman, S. Ganesh Kumar
This article examined how to work transactions that are stored in the digital ledgers are recorded in the Blockchain. It stores all the valuable data about the user's transactions. Results show that Blockchain has made the financial sector to great peak and got a good reputation among the people who thought it would not work well. By the use of cryptocurrency in the blockchain technology, the Ethereum market has more rise into the second-largest cryptocurrency platform in 2021. Furthermore, a key aspect of the user's gain on share markets as investments when its value goes peak. Due to a dilemma, in decentralized financial [Defi], Many of the users felt insecure while joining into the network. But after the use of transactions in the blockchain, Through serial investigational factor study, the recentlygrow scale was adapt to involve seven main characteristics of team-development intervention (i.e., Decentralization, immutability, transparency, persistency, auditability, security, and privacy). Many of the organizations came forward to implement blockchain technologies in the Ethereum platform to do the decentralized financial [Defi] exchanges. In this article, the theoretical and practical implications of building an application for financially exchanging the bitcoins (Crypto-coins) by using the compound protocol. This protocol makes our application highly secured and confidential in exchanging the Crypto-coins by following the rules.
Bahadur Ali Soomro, Naimatullah Shah, Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed
Purpose At present, the adoption of cryptocurrency investment has brought consideration to the globe. The present paper attempts to investigate the intention to adopt cryptocurrency (IACR) among the potential investors of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied to underpin the conceptual framework. The study uses a quantitative approach. The study collects cross-sectional data through an online survey questionnaire. In the last, the authors utilized 334 samples for outcomes. Findings Findings of the SEM reveal a significant positive effect of attitude, subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavioral control (PBC) and trust on IACR. Practical implications The outcomes of an investigation would develop further intention and trust towards cryptocurrency adoption. The results would support developing favorable policies regarding the reduction of the ban on cryptocurrency in Pakistan to make easier transactions of the investors further. Possibly, it brings several opportunities in all segments of society in making the digital transaction modes through cryptocurrency. Finally, the findings would further validate the TPB in the context of cryptocurrency. Originality/value The study provides a better understanding of cryptocurrency and investors IACR. The empirical evidence further develops the other individuals' intentions towards cryptocurrency usage.
Yulin Liu, Yuxuan Lu, Kartik Nayak, Fan Zhang · 6 authors
A transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, the mempool, and exchanges, we study the effect of EIP-1559, one of the earliest-deployed TFMs that depart from the traditional first-price auction paradigm. We conduct a rigorous and comprehensive empirical study to examine its causal effect on blockchain transaction fee dynamics, transaction waiting times, and consensus security. Our results show that EIP-1559 improves the user experience by mitigating intrablock differences in the gas price paid and reducing users' waiting times. However, EIP-1559 has only a small effect on gas fee levels and consensus security. In addition, we find that when Ether's price is more volatile, the waiting time is significantly higher. We also verify that a larger block size increases the presence of siblings. These findings suggest new directions for improving TFMs.
Volkan Temizkan, Muhammed Ali Yetgin, Kasım Yılmaz
The level of technology use of humanity has increased, while the interest in digital assets has increased with the effect of the pandemic period. This increasing interest has led to curiosity about what kind of consumer experience cryptocurrencies will offer when used in retail shopping. This study aims to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies in shopping based on the experiences of businesses that accept payments with cryptocurrencies. Interviews were conducted with 9 businesses in Turkey that accept payments with crypto money using the in-depth interview technique in this study. As a result of the content analysis carried out with the NVivo analysis program for the findings, a research model was proposed. The results of this research point out that crypto currencies are preferred by consumers and retailers due to the fact that they are a fast, safe and cheap global payment tool. However, it has been found that there are also consumers who are totally unaware of the existence of payments with crypto currencies. Some consumers do not prefer payments with crypto currencies either because of low technology usage level or lack of trust to the system. However, when necessary legal sub-regulations are made and everything is digitized, money will also become digital in the common opinion. Unlike the studies in the literature, as a result of this study, it is predicted that payments with crypto money will be one of the alternative payment tools of the future, after the cryptocurrencies are positioned on a legal platform by the official authorities.
Péter Garamvölgyi, Yuxi Liu, Dong Zhou, Fan Long · 5 authors
Traditional public blockchain systems typically had very limited transaction throughput because of the bottleneck of the consensus protocol itself. With recent advances in consensus technology, the performance limit has been greatly lifted, typically to thousands of transactions per second. With this, transaction execution has become a new performance bottleneck. Exploiting parallelism in transaction execution is a clear and direct way to address this and to further increase transaction throughput. Although some recent literature introduced concurrency control mechanisms to execute smart contract transactions in parallel, the reported speedup that they can achieve is far from ideal. The main reason is that the proposed parallel execution mechanisms cannot effectively deal with the conflicts inherent in many blockchain applications. In this work, we thoroughly study the historical transaction execution traces in Ethereum. We observe that application-inherent conflicts are the major factors that limit the exploitable parallelism during execution. We propose to use partitioned counters and special commutative instructions to break up the application conflict chains in order to maximize the potential speedup. When we evaluated the maximum parallel speedup achievable, these techniques doubled this limit to an 18x overall speedup compared to serial execution, thus approaching the optimum. We also propose OCC-DA, an optimistic concurrency control scheduler with deterministic aborts, which makes it possible to use OCC scheduling in public blockchain settings.
Nicolas Six, Nicolas Herbaut, Camille Salinesi
A software pattern is a reusable solution to address a commonly occurring problem within a given context when designing software. Using patterns is a common practice for software architects to ensure software quality. Many pattern collections have been proposed for a large number of application domains. However, because of the technology's recentness, there are only a few available collections with a lack of extensive testing in industrial blockchain applications. It is also difficult for software architects to adequately apply blockchain patterns in their applications, as it requires deep knowledge of blockchain technology. Through a systematic literature review, this paper has identified 120 unique blockchain-related patterns and proposes a pattern taxonomy composed of multiple categories, built from the extracted pattern collection. The purpose of this collection is to map, classify, and describe all the available patterns across the literature to help readers make adequate decisions regarding blockchain pattern selection. This study also shows potential applications of those patterns and identifies the relationships between blockchain patterns and other non-blockchain software patterns.
Deniz Appelbaum, Eric A. Cohen, Ethan Kinory, Sean Stein Smith
ABSTRACT Satoshi Nakamoto (2008) published a seminal paper on a promising digital currency application and proposed a distributed ledger technology (DLT) to support it. Shortly thereafter, in 2009, bitcoin and the customized DLT that supports it were established. Although the DLT described by Nakamoto (2008), which packages data into blocks that are then cryptographically chained together (i.e., “block chain,” or “blockchain”), possesses features that are desirable for some business applications and/or their auditors, over a dozen years later there is not yet a widescale adoption of blockchain for business operations. This paper explores functionality, data and process integrity, and regulatory concerns as potential explanations for the lag in mainstream business and accounting adoption. We also contextualize some of the concerns that are likely to have delayed blockchain implementation by providing a framework of questions directed at both researchers and practitioners.
Yinliang Tan
The first‐sale doctrine, which protects consumers’ rights to resell purchased products, has been recognized by the US Supreme Court since 1908. In recent years, consumers have begun to purchase an increasing amount of virtual goods, which renders the first‐sale doctrine unclear. There are two main challenges leading to the uncertainty of the first‐sale doctrine in the digital age: lack of proper technology, and economic implications for developers and consumers. The advent of the blockchain solves the technology challenge, as it can track provenance and establish the chain of custody. In this study, we construct an analytical model to investigate the economic impact of trading preowned virtual items. Specifically, our model captures the decentralized nature of blockchain technology by allowing consumer‐to‐consumer trading, and considers the possibility that consumers prefer preowned virtual items over new ones because preowned items may be upgraded between purchase and resale. Lawmakers seek to strike a balance between the interests of virtual item developers and individual consumers. We show that, surprisingly, the introduction of a blockchain‐based preowned virtual item transaction can actually benefit both developer and consumer. The main intuition is that the developer can adjust the price when forward‐looking consumers incorporate the expected future transaction into their purchase decision. Our analysis also reveals that developers are more willing to embrace the secondary market when they can take a cut during the transaction. Our results provide important policy implications to the burgeoning debate of the first‐sale doctrine in the new digital world.
J. Tuomas Harviainen, Alesha Serada, Tanja Sihvonen
No abstract is available for this record.
Ardra Ayyappath
No abstract is available for this record.
Andranik Tumasjan
The emergence of Bitcoin and the underlying blockchain technology have enabled novel solutions for creating, transacting, and validating digital assets. In this vein, inspired by Bitcoin, a variety of projects has been building blockchain-based “decentralized” business models (BDBM), market places, and organizations. However, there has been ambiguity and confusion around the meaning of “decentralized” in the context of blockchain technology-based business models in both research and practice. Moreover, the implications for mainstream adoption of BDBM from a mass customers’ perspective are insufficiently understood. This article discusses the notion of decentralization in BDBM and develops a two-dimensional framework explaining the decentralization focus of BDBM. Based on this typology, the article analyzes the implications, prerequisites, and desirability of decentralization for BDBMs’ mainstream adoption.
Natasha Blycha, James Myint, Ty Haberland
No abstract is available for this record.
José Campino, Ana Brochado, Álvaro Rosa
Recent literature has addressed initial coin offering (ICO) projects, which are an innovative form of venture financing through cryptocurrencies using blockchain technology. Many features of ICOs remain unexplored, leaving much room for additional research, including the success factors of ICO projects. We investigate the success of ICO projects, with our main purpose being to identify factors that influence a project's outcome. Following a literature review, from which several potential variables were collected, we used a database comprising 428 ICO projects in the banking/financial sector to regress several econometric models. We confirmed the impacts of several variables and obtained particularly valuable results concerning project and campaign variables. We confirmed the importance of a well-structured and informative whitepaper. The proximity to certain markets with high availability of financial and human capital is also an important determinant of the success of an ICO. We also confirm the strong dependency on cryptocurrency and the impact of cryptocurrency valuations on the success of a project. Furthermore, we confirm the importance of social media in ICO projects, as well as the importance of human capital characteristics. Our research contributes to the ICO literature by capturing most of the success factors previously identified and testing their impacts based on a large database. The current research contributes to the building of systems theory and signaling theory by adapting their frameworks to the ICO environment. Our results are also important for regulators, as ICOs are mainly unregulated and have vast future potential, and for investors, who can benefit from our analysis and use it in their due diligence.
Suet Nga Chen
This is a capstone project summary of an in-depth market analysis titled how DeFi transforms the Banking Industry. Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an open and global financial system built for the internet age. There are limitations on the existing banking system, and DeFi has potential to solve those pain points. Various fintech companies in Asia have leveraged permissioned blockchain for financial services solutions with enhanced security and efficiency. The future DeFi will continue to shape the banking system for better service, and for a wider population.
Rita Tsepeleva, Vladimir Korkhov
No abstract is available for this record.
Jaskaran Singh
No abstract is available for this record.
Mauricio Labadie
No abstract is available for this record.
Fernando Zunzunegui
No abstract is available for this record.
Eduardo Vasco, Bruno Veloso, Benedita Malheiro
No abstract is available for this record.