Nor Ashikin Mohamad Kamal, Mohd Hanif Md Saad, C. S. Kok, Amir Hussain
Internet of Things (IoT) has been implemented in most advance technologies as part of the emerging 4th industrial revolution, and recently, blockchain technology is being welcomed. These rapid growing technologies giving a big challenge to the students. As such, learning these new technologies should be made easy and simple. However, current education does not specifically offer a curriculum to empower skills and knowledge in IoT and blockchain technology. The aim of this research is to develop learning kit that can provide suitable training to understand concept of IoT and blockchain technology. The kit consists of three parts namely âbrainâ, âmuscleâ and âcloudâ. Raspberry Pi is used as âbrainâ of operation that will be interact with the Caiser Cloud platform. A testbox operates as âmuscleâ to provide simple data input. The input from testbox will be sent, stored and displayed on a platform created using Xojo software. The results show that the learning kit is successfully interact with Caiser Cloud platform and can be used as a training tools for education purpose.
A portal into the public ledger cryptocurrency makes a competition of the best web sites and easily trusted by the public. These are believed to constitute a measurable dimensions of User Experience (UX). This study aims to evaluate the user experience of the use of the three web sites most frequenty accessed cryptocurrency from Indonesia. The evaluation conducted aimed at knowing the factors that influence user trust through the design of the interface and can be installed on a new design. Methods include Performance Metrics, Post-Task Rating, Post-Session Rating, and Experiential Overview and eye-tracking device. Based on the results of research, in the overall evaluation of the web site, the web site is the most superior of Indodax. The results of the evaluation are then applied on a new design using the software Invision and examined again to see a comparison of the respondent at the time of first use. The result of the research is the assessment, recommendations, and design the look of the web site cryptocurrency are trustworthy based on user experience.
Abstra k : Perkembangan perekonomian dunia khususnya di Indonesia tidak dapat dilepaskan dari unsur teknologi informasi. Perkembangan teknologi informasi akan berhubungan dengan seluruh bidang termasuk bidang keuangan. Mata uang kripto (Cryptocurrency) atau sering disebut dengan mata uang virtual/digital merupakan hasil dari sebuah perkembangan teknologi keuangan (financial technology). Mata uang digital mulai banyak digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran pada internet. Tujuan mata uang ini dibuat adalah untuk memberikan kemudahan dan keamanan dalam pembayaran. Dengan adanya teknologi Blockchain didalamnya, menjadikan membuat biaya transaksi menjadi lebih murah. Namun, Pemerintah dalam hal ini Bank Indonesia melarang transaksi dengan menggunakan uang digital/virtual karena memiliki dampak berbahaya terhadap Sistem Keuangan, Stabilitas Moneter dan Sistem Pembayaran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dampak dari Cryptocurrency terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia dan sikap pemerintah terhadap teknologi yang ada didalamnya. Dari sisi teknologi yang ditawarkan, cryptocurrency merupakan perkembangan dari teknologi keuangan yang memungkinkan akan mengganti uang kertas menjadi uang digital dalam transaksi keuangan dimasa depan. Diharapkan pemerintah dapat mengkaji teknologi yang terdapat pada cryptocurrency dengan lebih mendalam sehingga kebijakan yang dibuat nantinya tidak melarang teknologi yang terdapat pada cryptocurrency serta memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat agar lebih memahami tentang cryptocurrency. Kata Kunci : Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, uang virtual/digital, financial technology, internet
IoT utilization in daily lives is very potential and can be applied in various fields, unfortunately the implementation in the social field still lacking. The large number of orphanages in Indonesia caused information distribution not easily available, however donors find it difficult to get the right information about food reserves, especially rice stock in orphanages. This paper proposes an IoT-based system where rice stocks in orphanages can be detected by Raspberry pi which is connected to sensors, data information from raspberry-pi connected to the network that can be accessed and monitored by mobile applications. This application designed for service providers, donors and rice suppliers. Donors send rice through financial transactions with service providers, and rice suppliers will ship items to the orphanage. Blockchain technology is applied to all parties in order to be transparent and reduce transaction manipulation.
Shalini Shukla, A.N. Thasmiya, Donthi Shashank, H. R. Mamatha
Voting is an important part of the administration of a country. Votes are still being carried out by physically going to voting booths. This process doesn't guarantee security and cases of tampering has been observed. This paper aims at removing these issues in the voting process by making it online and using the technology, Blockchain. Blockchain uses encryption and hashing to make every vote secure. In this case, one vote is considered as a transaction. A peer to peer network is created to create a private blockchain that share this distributed ledger having voting transaction. The application is designed in such a way so that the intricacies of the underlying architecture is hidden from the user. Each voter is uniquely identified by Government approved Aadhar number. The application makes use of this number to make sure that each voter gets only one chance to vote. When the vote gets submitted as a transaction then all the peers get synch up. Since each peer is associated with a public and private key the votes are encrypted and hashed and added to the blockchain to increase security and form a chain of blocks. Votes cannot be tracked back to the voter. In this paper, a peer to peer network is created having minimum three peers. Since voting is made online, it is expected that this paper will increase the voter turnouts. The scalability of the blockchain application depends on the secondary memory limit of the peer.
A blockchain is a decentralized, distributed peer-to-peer network that allows one node to communicate with other nodes. When using blockchain technology in education, data or records can be stored permanently without fear of hacking du e to the secure hashing algorithms in blockchain techn
Patrick G. Sylim, Fang Liu, Alvin Marcelo, Paul Fontelo
BACKGROUND: Drug counterfeiting is a global problem with significant risks to consumers and the general public. In the Philippines, 30% of inspected drug stores in 2003 were found with substandard/spurious/falsely-labeled/falsified/counterfeit drugs. The economic burden on the population drug expenditures and on governments is high. The Philippine Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encourages the public to check the certificates of product registration and report any instances of counterfeiting. The National Police of Philippines responds to such reports through a special task force. However, no literature on its impact on the distribution of such drugs were found. Blockchain technology is a cryptographic ledger that is allegedly immutable through repeated sequential hashing and fault-tolerant through a consensus algorithm. This project will develop and test a pharmacosurveillance blockchain system that will support information sharing along the official drug distribution network. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a pharmacosurveillance blockchain system and test its functions in a simulated network. METHODS: We are developing a Distributed Application (DApp) that will run on smart contracts, employing Swarm as the Distributed File System (DFS). Two instances will be developed: one for Ethereum and another for Hyperledger Fabric. The proof-of-work (PoW) consensus algorithm of Ethereum will be modified into a delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS) or practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm as it is scalable and fits the drug supply chain environment. The system will adopt the GS1 pedigree standard and will satisfy the data points in the data standardization guidelines from the US FDA. Simulations will use the following 5 nodes: for FDA, manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and the consumer portal. RESULTS: Development is underway. The design of the system will place FDA in a supervisory data verification role, with each pedigree type-specific data source serving a primary data verification role. The supply chain process will be initiated by the manufacturer, with recursive verification for every transaction. It will allow consumers to scan a code printed on the receipt of their purchases to review the drug distribution history. CONCLUSIONS: Development and testing will be conducted in a simulated network, and thus, results may differ from actual practice. The project being proposed is disruptive; once tested, the team intends to engage the Philippine FDA to discuss implementation plans and formulate policies to facilitate adoption and sustainability. REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER: RR1-10.2196/10163.
This paper discusses the mining-trading of cryptocurrency in Islamic law as a digital asset that has recently been traded in cyberspace. The value of cryptocurrency is soaring and fluctuation and it is influenced by the demand of buying and selling. Indodax.com is the official digital asset site in Indonesia that trades more than 13 digital currencies. As we know, digital currencies are not electronic money, even though the characteristic is similar. Starting from this, I analyze whether cryptocurrency is worthy of being value as money that has a certain value. Until now, the Indonesian government through Bank Indonesia has published regulation Number 16/8/PBI/ 2014, which explicitly prohibits using bitcoin and altcoin on financial transactions. Otherwise, MUI (Indonesian Ulema Council) has not issued a fatwa yet related to cryptocurrency. From here, I focuse on this study to the law of cryptocurrency in Islamic law. Bitcoin has advantages and disadvantages. Among its advantages are the user can use exchange or transaction without third service (bank), and it can be traded in merchandise shops. But, the disadvantages of bitcoin are mach more, such as fluctuating value every times, it is not listed as a commodity, it is not watched by Financial Services Authority (OJK), it presents the element of gharar (uncertainty) and maysir (gambling or bet), which makes it possible to be used for money laundering and drugs. On the other hand, until now, the Indonesian people have not considered that bitcoin as a treasure like gold or silver
The use of technology has become important at this point in helping to meet human needs.Due to the increasing use of technology, new challenges are brought in the process of democracy as most people today donât trust their governments, making elections is very important in modern democracy . Elections have a great importance in determining who will rule a nation or an organization or it can be said as it is an event that decides the fate of any nation. In modern democracy, elections are very important but large sections of society around the world do not trust their election system which is a major concern for democracy. Even the worldâs largest democracies like India, United States, still suffer from a flawed electoral system. Vote rigging, hacking of EVM (Electronic voting machine), election manipulation, and polling booth capturing are the major issues in the current voting system The blockchain is said as emerging, decentralized, and distributed technology that promises to enhance different aspects of many industries. Expanding e-voting into blockchain technology could be the solution to eliminate the present concerns in e-voting system There is no doubt that the ever changing concept of the blockchain, which is the backbone of the famous cryptocurrency Bitcoin has triggered the start of a new era in the Internet and the online services. While most people focus only on bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies; there are in fact, many operations, both administrative and fintech that can only be done online/offline can now safely be moved to the Internet as online services because of immutability of blockchain. What makes blockchain a powerful tool is its smarts contracts and many features which overcomes traditional systems. Smart contracts are meaningful pieces of codes, to be integrated in the blockchain and executed as scheduled in every step of blockchain updates. E-votin, is another trending, yet critical, topic related to the online services. The blockchain with the smart contracts, emerges as a good candidate to use in developments of safer, cheaper, more secure, more transparent, and easier-to-use e-voting systems.Due to its consistency, widespread use, and provision of smart contracts logic, Ethereum and its network is one of the most suitable ones. An e-voting system must be secure, as it should not allow duplicated votes and be fully transparent, while protecting the privacy of the attendees. In this project, we have implemented and tested an e-voting application as a smart contract for the Ethereum network using the Ethereum and the Solidity language.
Kelompok Keahlian Ilmu Kemanusiaan, Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Asep Zaenal Ausop, Elsa Silvia Nur Aulia
Cryptocurrency is virtual money or digital money or electronic money in illusion world which has no any concrete thing. This cryptocurrency has many varieties such as Litecoin, Monero, Ether, Ripple, Ethereun, Qtum, Dash, Zcash, and Bitcoin. The safety of Bitcoin is protected by Blockchain technology but it has weaknesses such as no underlying asset, no authority, and responsibility. Moreover, the ownership of this bitcoin is anonymous, and the fluctuation of this Bitcoin values was very extreme and dominated by public opinion about marketing system. Therefore, the usage of this Bitcoin in the term of investation and bussiness transaction causes pro-contra from economical experts and ulama. This research is purposed to get a representation around Bitcoin technology its self and the validation for using Bitcoin in business transaction according to Islamic sharia. The used theory is the taxonomy bussiness of haram lidzatihi and haram lighayrihi from Jumhur Ulama and constructed by Adiwarman Abdul Karim. The method of this research is literature research; its resources are taken from Al Quran, Hadith Rasulullah, classical and contemporary books also online media. This research resulted the great revolusionarytechnology, but the usage of this Bitcoin as the investation of instrument contained maysir (gambling) and the instruments of bussiness transaction contained gharar. The law position is haram lighayrihi.
Blockchain is the core technology used to create the cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of steam engine, electricity, and information technology, blockchain technology has been applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. The current paper focused on its potential educational applications and explored how blockchain technology can be used to solve some education problems. This article first introduced the features and advantages of blockchain technology following by exploring some of the current blockchain applications for education. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology were proposed, and the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology for education were also discussed.
Bitcoin is a digital currency raised by Satosghi Nakamoto, which is Completely decentralized, Highly anonymous, cross-border. Nowadays it has became one of the most widely used currency. Recently, as the used capacity has approached the capacity limitation of each block, the time needed to confirm a transaction increase dramatically. As a result, bitcoin cannot satisfy the need of a large number of bitcoin transactions. This paper aims to apply merged mining technology to bitcoin blockchain scaling, which builds another blockchain called auxiliary blockchain based on bitcoin blockchain and stores some of small rapid transactions in auxiliary blockchain. This paper also proves the merged mining technology can concentrate computing power and design a special miner reward program.
The blockchain technology is seen as revolutionary technology, which obtains attention from various fields in many countries. In China, students information in higher education needs to be managed by the third part-China Credentials Verification. Although this website brings a lot of convenience to students, it still exists some disadvantages. Through analyzing the application of blockchain technology in finance field, the key feature -decentralized can also be effectively applied in the education field to improve the work efficiency of verifying degree, storing considerable data or transmitting students' information in the way of point-to-point and so on. Through exploring the modern of 'blockchain+education', considerable students' info rmation in database can be stored in the blockchain and can be traced by companies to conveniently query their records. This paper will discuss the application landscape of blockchain technology in higher education in new view.
Wolfgang Gräther, Sabine Kolvenbach, Rudolf Ruland, Julian Schßtte ¡ 6 authors
Certificates play an important role in education and in professional development in companies. Individual learning records become essential for peopleâs professional careers. It is therefore important that these records are stored in long-term available and tamper-proof ledgers. A blockchain records transactions in a verifiable and permanent way, therefore it is very suitable to store fingerprints of certificates or other educational items. Blockchain reveals forgery of certificates and it supports learning histories. In this paper, we present the Blockchain for Education platform as a practical solution for issuing, validating and sharing of certificates. At first, we describe the conceptual system overview and then we present in detail the platform implementation including management of certification authorities and certificates, smart contracts as well as services for certifiers, learners and third parties such as employers. Finally, we describe use cases and first evaluation results that we gathered from end user tests with certifiers and conclude with a discussion.
Crptocurrency is a type of digital currency that using decentralized method for validating transaction. In the same time, the user of the Bitcoin is protected using hash algorithm. The value of Bitcoin is increased sharply in 2017 that creates much attention from investors. The objective of this study is to develop the mathematical model evaluate growth of Bitcoin exchange rate. The data selected in this study are starting from 1st January 2017 until 10th December 2017. This study validates the normality distribution of data using graphical and numerical method. Graphical method indicates the first difference of data distribution is a non-normal distribution. Then, Shapiro-Wilk statistical test confirmed that first difference of data distribution deviate from normal distribution. The non-normal distribution occurs because of the presence of outliers. Next, this study validates the mathematical modeling fordata trend using quadratic formula. Result indicates that the growth of Bitcoin exchange rate in moving towards non-equilibrium point. This concludes that the growth of the Bitcoin exchange rate is in unstable region. The contribution of this study is to help investors to understand the nature of Bitcoin exchange rate. This study performed analysis that helps investors to develop more efficient investment portfolio in gaining better profit and reducing loss
Secure, verifiable, learnerâowned credentials: Many registrars envision a future where those are the norm. The Registrar's Office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has become the first to issue digital diplomas through the blockchain, the technology that enables bitcoin. The goal was to provide a secure service to students who become stewards of their own record, said Mary Callahan, registrar and senior associate dean for undergraduate education.
Blockchain Technology is the advance information technology in medical sector that need secure data sharing among related parties in the network. The investigating factors have impacts on electronic medical record Blockchain technology adoption. Online questionnaire was developed from literature with performance expectation, trust, and risk concepts. Online survey sent to patients and medical personnel. The feedback respondents were 149. The research results showed that the most influential factor affecting the acceptance is performance expectation which includes the recognition of technological benefits and relative advantages. Trust factor has impact on acceptance and low risk has positive impact of the Blockchain technology
Every individual undergoes a series of educational programs and acquires skills and pedagogical certifications throughout his/her life from various educational and skill development organisations across the world, including the companies they work for. It is imperative that there is a comprehensive record of these certifications that can be authentically verified by those wanting to employ the individual for these respective skills accredited through certifications. In this chapter, the authors explore the utility of blockchain technology-led digitization, automation of trust, and disintermediation in education sector. They examine some of the prominent use cases and challenges faced by blockchain technology. They also look at the current state of blockchain technology-enabled applications in related domains and its implications for the education sector in India along with a real-life illustration with implementation using AuxCert on Auxledger, a permissioned blockchain platform from Auxesis group.
Kalvian Sofian, Edhy Sutanta, Rr. Yuliana Rachmawati K
ABSTRACT Bitcoin is a digital currency used as the means of payment on the internet. Bitcoin started to be known since 2009 after published by a figure named Sathosi Nakamoto. The purpose of this currency is made to provide facilitiers and security in payments. Seen from the process storage and payment, Bitcoin can be done instant. Bitcoin security is done using a cryptographic algorithm, in which evidence in the form of hash distributed transactions over the network without the need for any third party or a central server to control the value of the currency. Mechanism is also make transaction cost be cheap. This study implements techniques using Bitcoin payment on an online store that sells digital goods. The implementation process is done through several stages, starting from the installation of WordPress on the hosting, then add the plugin Wocommerse and BitBayar. Once the implementation phase is completed, the buyer can order the product in the store that was built and make payment using Bitcoin in accordance with the evidence bill (invoice) printed automatically by the system. Process payment transactions will be analyzed in several aspects, namely the length of time the process of payment, proof of the transaction, transaction costs, and the differences with other currencies, such as electronic currency differences with PayPal. Key Words: Bitcoin, online shops, internet payment tool, cryptography INTISARI Bitcoin merupakan mata uang digital yang digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran pada internet. Bitcoin mulai dikenal sejak tahun 2009 setelah dipublikasi oleh seorang tokoh bernama Sathosi Nakamoto. Tujuan mata uang ini dibuat adalah untuk memberikan kemudahan dan keamanan dalam pembayaran. Dilihat dari proses penyimpanan dan pembayaran, Bitcoin dapat dilakukan secara instan. Pengamanan Bitcoin dilakukan menggunakan algoritma kriptografi, di mana bukti transaksi berbentuk hash didistribusikan melalui jaringan tanpa perlu adanya pihak ketiga atau server pusat untuk mengontrol nilai mata uang. Mekanisme tersebut juga membuat biaya transaksi menjadi murah. Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan teknik pembayaran menggunakan Bitcoin pada toko online yang menjual barang digital. Proses implementasi dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu dimulai dari instalasi Wordpress pada hosting , selanjutnya menambahkan plugin Wocommerse dan BitBayar. Setelah tahapan implementasi selesai, pembeli dapat memesan produk pada toko yang dibangun dan melakukan pembayaran menggunakan Bitcoin sesuai dengan bukti tagihan ( invoice ) yang dicetak secara otomatis oleh sistem. Proses transaksi pembayaran tersebut akan dianalisa dalam beberapa aspek, yaitu lama waktu proses pembayaran, bukti transaksi, biaya transaksi, serta perbedaannya dengan mata uang lain, misal perbedaan dengan mata uang elektronik PayPal. Kata Kunci : Bitcoin, toko online, alat pembayaran internet, kriptografi
Purwono Purwono, Alfian Maâarif, Wahyu Rahmaniar, Qazi Mazhar ul Haq ¡ 6 authors
Blockchain technology has a promising future in a number of industries and enterprises. Formerly connected to virtual currency like Bitcoin, blockchain has evolved into a versatile technology with many applications. In the upcoming years, it is predicted that blockchain will revolutionize a variety of industries, including banking, supply chain management, healthcare, voting systems, and more. The future of blockchain technology depends critically on its ability to increase security and transparency. By providing a decentralized and unchangeable record, eliminating the need for middlemen, and boosting participant confidence, blockchain promotes secure and traceable transactions. This transparency has the potential to transform whole industries by reducing fraud, streamlining processes, and increasing output. Blockchain also has the power to change financial systems. Blockchain-based smart contracts facilitate faster, more efficient transactions by automating and enforcing contractual agreements without the need for middlemen. By enabling speedier cross-border transactions, reducing costs, and boosting financial inclusion, tokenization and blockchain-based digital currencies have the potential to overturn conventional banking institutions. Blockchainâs key attributes, including decentralization, transparency, immutability, and security, make it a desirable choice for a range of organizations. Cross-border payments, trade finance, and smart contracts are just a few of the financial sector processes that blockchain technology has the potential to enhance and automate, lowering costs and increasing productivity. Additionally, the tamper-resistance of blockchain technology can boost transaction security and reliability, allowing for a wider use in traditional financial institutions. Outside of the financial industry, blockchain technology has a lot of promise, particularly in industries like supply chain management, healthcare, energy, intellectual property, and governance. By enabling transparent and traceable transactions, blockchain may improve supply chain efficiency, ensure product authenticity, and boost customer trust. By facilitating the secure exchange of patient data and research data, the decentralized nature of blockchain technology can enhance data security, interoperability, and privacy in the healthcare sector. A more decentralized and sustainable energy ecosystem may be supported by blockchain technology through peer-to-peer energy exchange, grid management, and monitoring of renewable energy certificates in the energy sector. Additionally, blockchain technology has the potential to transform decentralized governance structures, voting procedures, intellectual property rights, and digital identity management. By allowing people to own and manage their digital identities, blockchain can enhance privacy and reduce identity theft. Blockchain-based voting systems can offer transparency, security, and verifiability, thereby increasing voter turnout and public trust in democratic institutions. Blockchain can also enable the secure and transparent management of intellectual property rights, fostering author credit and just compensation.
Ekosistem Internet of Things (IoT) berkembang dengan sangat cepat dan diperkirakan akan menghubungkan 5-20 miliar perangkat pada tahun 2020. Data yang dihimpun dari perangkat ini akan mencapai jumlah yang sangat besar. Saat ini, ekosistem IoT pada umumnya menggunakan model sistem terpusat. Model tersebut memiliki beberapa kelemahan, seperti biaya pemeliharaan yang relatif tinggi, Sistem terdistribusi dapat menjadi alternatif solusi. Blockchain, teknologi ledger terditribusi, memungkinkan transaksi peer-to-peer tanpa perlu adanya perantara pihak ketiga yang terpercaya. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi pengintegrasian Blockchain ke dalam ekosistem IoT. Hasil penelitian berupa model dan use-case pemanfaatan Blockchain dalam IoT.
The blockchain is a peer to peer technology that protects the integrity of a digital piece of information. It can serve as a digital decentralized distributed ledger that can record sharing of information between two parties in a permanent way. All the information is stored in a network of personal computers. Each computer has memory records called blocks and each block has a time stamp and a link to the previous block as a hash pointer. All the records are secured using cryptography. Timestamp keeps the track of creation of the record. Once the record is created no one can manipulate the records, not even the owner. It keeps the proof and exact time at which that data exists. A hash function is a mathematical algorithm and algorithm is made is in such a way that is it a one-way function that means the process cannot be rolled back. Next generation of the Internet will be using in FITS.
Perkembangan teknologi sejalan dengan berkembangnya e-commerce, khususnya dalam sistem pembayaran dan alat pembayaran. Bitcoin sebagai salah satu mata uang virtual berbasis kriptografi yang digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran oleh komunitas tertentu mengalami perkembangan yang sangat signifikan sejak kemunculannya tahun 2009. Di Indonesia bitcoin dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran dalam transaksi komersial, akan tetapi belum ada regulasi yang mengatur penggunaan bitcoin sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia. Hal ini akan menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan hukum, antara lain terkait aspek perlindungan hukum, pengawasan pemerintah terhadap penggunaan bitcoin di Indonesia dan penerimaan negara. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implikasi dari tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai bitcoin di Indonesia dan perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna mata uang virtual bitcoin sebagai alat pembayaran dalam transaksi komersial di Indonesia dan Singapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Penulis menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, maupun tersier dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan prinsip tanggung jawab negara untuk melindungi sebagai pisau analisis. Perkembangan bitcoin di Indonesia berimplikasi kepada perlunya pemerintah untuk mengambil sikap berupa pengakuan terhadap penggunaan bitcoin sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia mengingat Indonesia selaku negara memiliki tanggung jawab untuk melindungi warganya dari segala bentuk ancaman yang dapat ditimbulkan dari tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai penggunaan bitcoin di Indonesia.