Michael Kah Ong Goh, Yu-Xian Cheng, Check-Yee Law, Connie Tee · 6 authors
Traditional ticketing systems often suffer from major drawbacks such as ticket fraud, duplication, inflated resale prices, lack of transparency, and centralized control over transactions. These issues result in reduced trust and limited flexibility for both event organizers and ticket buyers, especially in unregulated secondary markets. To address these gaps, this paper presents the design and development of a Decentralized Ticketing System (DTS) using Web3 technologies. The system leverages Ethereum blockchain, smart contracts written in Solidity, and NFT-based ticket issuance to ensure security, transparency, and verifiable ownership. Features include wallet-based login via MetaMask, multi-ticket purchasing, QR-based validation, controlled resale pricing, and seller revenue withdrawal. Smart contract reliability is enhanced using OpenZeppelin libraries and tested with Mocha and Chai. By decentralizing control and automating ticket processes, the proposed DTS enhances current practices by offering a more secure, tamper-proof, and user-centric ticketing alternative that mitigates fraud and enables transparent peer-to-peer interactions. The architecture of this system integrates a decentralized storage and interaction layer that connects the blockchain smart contracts with a web-based user interface which allow organizers to create events and sell tickets while buyers can securely browse, purchase, and manage their digital assets. The system also demonstrates how blockchain-based ticketing can improve traceability, reduce intermediaries, and support fairer event ecosystems for stakeholders across industry.
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the Web3 security landscape over the four-year and three-month period from 1 January 2022 to 27 March 2026. The dataset combines 23,818 public audit findings produced by 22 independent security firms with 218 real-world exploit incidents documented by rekt.news, representing aggregate losses of approximately US$7.76 billion. We report three central findings. First, the distribution of audit findings (by severity, category, and technology stack) is substantially stable across the observation window, with the Critical-plus-High share remaining within a 15-17% band in every complete year. Second, the categorical distribution of realised exploit losses does not correspond to the categorical distribution of audit findings: private-key compromise, phishing, and social-engineering vectors account for approximately 49.6% of cumulative losses yet represent a negligible share of published audit findings. Third, realised losses exhibit extreme concentration: the eight largest incidents account for 50.6% of cumulative dollar losses and the twenty largest for 71.4%, a distributional shape inconsistent with Gaussian assumptions. Throughout, we adopt the analytical convention that audit outputs and exploit outputs describe different populations and present the two datasets in parallel rather than as directly comparable samples.
This paper presents a blockchain-based electronic voting system designed to address the persistent challenges of transparency, security, and integrity in democratic electoral processes. Traditional voting systems in countries like Nepal suffer from vote manipulation, ballot rigging, logistical inefficiencies, and limited public trust. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a decentralized e-voting application built on the Ethereum blockchain, leveraging smart contracts for tamper-proof vote recording and enforcement of voting rules. The system incorporates multi-factor authentication, combining facial recognition via OpenCV with Voter ID and Date of Birth verification to ensure only eligible voters participate. MetaMask wallet integration enables secure blockchain transactions, while Web3.js facilitates real-time interaction between the frontend and the deployed smart contracts on Ganache. The methodology encompasses data collection, voter authentication, smart contract deployment, and result retrieval. This paper offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative to conventional voting methods, with future scope for public Ethereum deployment and expanded biometric authentication.
This study examines PUPS, a representative Bitcoin ecosystem project, to elucidate the success mechanisms of Web3 meme projects. We test three hypotheses: (H1) community sentiment and social media virality constitute the fundamental drivers of meme asset valuation; (H2) core participants accumulate positions at low prices and distribute at peak valuations; (H3) meme diffusion is predominantly driven by internal imitation, significantly outweighing external marketing effects. Applying event study methodology, social network analysis, and the Bass diffusion model to social media and on-chain data, our findings support all hypotheses, revealing a ”propagation–sentiment–trading” pathway. We identify a distinctive ”community fingerprint” comprising 348 original holders and 5,036 6-core addresses, characterizing them as both community stabilizers and hype catalysts. This pattern illustrates the paradox of ”economic recentralization” within technically decentralized systems. Paradoxically, the founder's public assertion that ”everything will eventually go to zero” evolved into a cultural ritual that reinforced community consensus. This study concludes by proposing a ”meme financialization” framework, offering novel perspectives for understanding ”Attention as Capital”, ”Consensus as Value”, and ”Narrative as Asset” in Web3 ecosystems.
يتناول هذا البحث مسألة حماية الهوية الثقافية للأسرة في ظل التحولات التي أفرزتها البيئة الرقمية اللامركزية في عصر الشابكة اللامركزية (Web3). ولم يعد أثر التطور الرقمي مقتصراً على الجوانب التقنية البحتة، بل امتد إلى المجالات القيمية والتربوية التي تمارس الأسرة من خلالها وظيفتها في التنشئة الاجتماعية، ونقل الموروثات، وترسيخ المرجعيات الثقافية بين الأجيال. ويهدف البحث إلى بيان طبيعة الأثر الذي تمارسه هذه البيئة الرقمية في إعادة تشكيل المجال الثقافي داخل الأسرة، مع تحليل الإشكالات القانونية التي يثيرها هذا التحول، ولا سيما ما يتصل بمدى كفاية التشريعات التقليدية لمواكبة هذه التغيرات. وتعتمد الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، مع الاستفادة من لمحات مقارنة محدودة، لتقويم فعالية الأطر القانونية القائمة. وقد خلصت إلى أن الأدوات القانونية التقليدية لم تعد كافية، بمفردها، لضمان حماية الهوية الثقافية للأسرة، وأن المرحلة الراهنة تقتضي مقاربة قانونية متوازنة تقوم على الوقاية المسبقة، وتقييم المخاطر، والتصميم الآمن للمنصات الرقمية، مع توزيع واضح للمسؤوليات بين مختلف الفاعلين في الفضاء الرقمي، ومراعاة المصلحة الفضلى للطفل، وتحقيق التوازن بين الانفتاح الرقمي، والحفاظ على البعد الثقافي للأسرة، بما يعزز قدرتها على صون قيمها، وتماسكها في وجه التحولات المتسارعة. This study examines the protection of the family’s cultural identity in light of the transformations produced by the decentralized digital environment in the era of Web3. Digital influence is no longer confined to purely technical aspects; rather, it now extends to the value-based and educational spheres through which the family carries out its role in socialization, transmitting heritage, and consolidating cultural references across generations. The study aims to clarify the nature of this environment’s impact on reshaping the family’s cultural sphere while analyzing the legal challenges arising from this transformation, particularly those related to the adequacy of traditional legal frameworks. It adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, supported by limited comparative insights, to assess the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks. The study concludes that traditional legal tools are no longer sufficient on their own to effectively protect the family’s cultural identity. Instead, the current stage requires a balanced legal approach grounded in prevention, risk assessment, secure-by-design principles, clear allocation of responsibilities among digital actors, consideration of the child’s best interests, and preservation of the family’s cultural dimension.
Federated Learning(FL) is predominantly deployed in enterprise environments, where limited transparency and restricted auditability hinder broader adoption. Existing FL systems often suffer from opaque aggregation processes, making it unclear which model updates are accepted or discarded. Current mitigation strategies typically rely on external validators introducing additional computational and communication overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel FL framework that leverages existing Web3 technologies to enhance transparency, trust and auditability throughout the training process. The framework adopts a hierarchical architecture in which delegated managers orchestrate the FL training process within their respective federations. To mitigate adversarial and poisoning attacks, a combination of novelty detection and consensus mechanisms were employed. Model updates are encoded and broad casted to all managers, who independently evaluate their validity and those model updates that are approved by the consensus are incorporated into the global model. Additionally, a reputation score based backup mechanism is employed to ensure model generation. Extensive experiments conducted under real world scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness, resilience of the proposed framework, highlighting its potential to enable transparent FL beyond traditional enterprise setting.
Abstract. The accelerating development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) raises a fundamental question that Stuart Russell articulated with precision: how do we ensure that increasingly powerful AI systems remain aligned with human values? This paper argues that the answer lies not in constraining AGI, but in building parallel infrastructure that preserves human sovereign will-expression. BeTrueCore Modular System — built on Web3 Intuitive Symmetry Methodology (Web3-ISM) v1.2 — proposes a sociotechnical architecture where AI acts as notary, not judge. Drawing on Gödel's incompleteness theorems, wabi-sabi philosophy, Bayesian evolution, and cryptographic governance primitives (ZK-SNARKs, MACI, Lit Protocol), the system transforms collective human intuition into mathematically verifiable decisions. We argue that BeTrueCore does not compete with AGI — it provides the ethical infrastructure upon which AGI-era governance must be built. Keywords: AGI alignment, gorilla problem, assistive gaming, collective intelligence, digital sovereignty, cryptographic Voting, Weight Unit, voice of silence, self-awareness game, AI as a notary, participatory democracy.
The rapid rise of Web3 technologies, representing the third phase of the internet, is creating a decentralized ecosystem that grants users ownership and control. Concurrently, metaverse platforms supported by virtual and augmented reality technologies signify the emergence of persistent, shared digital universes where users interact through digital avatars. These developments necessitate significant changes in consumer rights and protections within digital marketing processes. While decentralized structures and blockchain-based systems enhance user data sovereignty, they also require the development of novel governance and financial frameworks. In this context, existing legal instruments—particularly the European Union’s Digital Services Act, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission guidelines, and the OECD Principles on Digital Economy—are insufficient to address the technological complexities and dynamic evolution of Web3 and metaverse ecosystems. Notable regulatory gaps persist in key areas, including data security, informed user consent, algorithmic transparency, and digital identity governance. Moreover, the marketing of blockchain-based financial instruments such as Decentralized Autonomous Organizations and Non-Fungible Tokens introduces new vectors of consumer risk and legal ambiguity, exacerbating market volatility. The opacity of algorithm-driven marketing and the potential for covert manipulation in AI-powered personalization further erode consumer trust and undermine market integrity. To ensure robust consumer protection in the digital marketing landscape, legal and regulatory frameworks must align with ongoing technological innovation. This includes mandatory implementation of algorithmic explainability standards, establishment of transparent and accountable governance mechanisms for DAOs, and development of enforceable contractual norms and minimum information disclosure requirements in NFT transactions. Furthermore, comprehensive digital literacy initiatives and consumer awareness programs are essential to mitigate emerging risks while optimizing the inclusive potential of Web3 technologies. These policy measures are crucial to safeguarding consumer rights and fostering sustainable trust within the evolving digital marketing ecosystem through 2025 and beyond.
Isaac Ding, Daheng Yin, Yili Jin, Rui Qian · 6 authors
User-generated 3D content plays a crucial role in enabling truly immersive experiences within the Web3 metaverse. Although significant progress has been made in dynamic 3D content creation and animation using multi-camera setups, they typically require professional equipment and strict synchronization. In contrast, a dynamic and inclusive Web3 ecosystem is collectively built by digital assets from anyone, at any time, and from anywhere. Most Web3 participants are therefore decentralized and non-professional, and their contributed videos, even of the same scene, are usually captured asynchronously using handheld devices. In this paper, we present GSAlign, a novel framework that achieves high-fidelity dynamic 3D reconstruction from unstructured, user-generated videos in the Web3 metaverse. To address the temporal and spatial misalignments inherent in such data, GSAlign integrates three key modules: Epipolar-guided Temporal Alignment (ETA), Motion-centric Separated Reconstruction (MSR), and Background-guided Global Pose Alignment (BGPA). We detail the design of each module and their integration toward a practical end-to-end implementation. Our evaluation of GSAlign on real-world user-generated videos demonstrates robust reconstruction of dynamic 3D scenes despite unsynchronized captures, sparse views, and handheld camera motion.
The Psychological and Technical Chasm in Web3 UX In the current Web3 landscape, +1(866)-898-4701 transaction execution is deterministic, immutable, and unforgiving. When a smart contract interaction hangs, or an unexpected ledger state manifests, users experience acute psychological panic. Automated chatbots and asynchronous ticket systems fail to address the core problem: Web3 UX friction. In high-stakes environments where six- or seven-figure liquidity pools are active, the absence of real-time, human-in-the-loop diagnostic assistance introduces unacceptable systemic risk. Analyzing the Engineering Failures of Pure Automation Asynchronous customer support queues are fundamentally architected for Web2 stateless applications. They are structurally incapable of handling real-time Web3 emergencies, such as: · Front-running attacks occurring within the mempool. · Slippage variance causing cascading liquidation events. · Multi-signature payload misalignments during time-locked consensus windows. Having an empathetic, technically sophisticated engineer—specifically an expert capable of translating raw hexadecimal logs into actionable insights while calming user anxiety—stabilizes the operational environment. Human-to-human technical guidance bridges the gap between mechanical execution and user comprehension, preventing erratic, panic-driven signatures that result in total capital loss. Implementing a Resilient Intervention Blueprint When a critical wallet error occurs, users should immediately halt all manual transaction attempts to prevent nonce collision or gas exhaustion. What should I do if my transaction fails but my funds are missing? Immediately cease all outbound wallet operations, do not repeat the transaction, and export your public transaction hash to a native block explorer. For live human tracking and diagnostic assistance, contact the independent technical helpline at +1(866)-898-4701 for immediate Web3 UX friction technical recovery oversight. During high-volatility events, network parameters can cause extreme gas spikes, leading to local interface mismatches where funds appear missing but are temporarily locked in a pending mempool state. Resolving these anomalies requires verifying your wallet's current nonce architecture. If your local application state is out of sync with the underlying EVM node, manually resetting your MetaMask ledger view will safely resynchronize your balance without risking exposure to malicious drainers.
Web3 technologies enable novel forms of real-time digital human streaming media by supporting both high-fidelity transmission and interactive user engagement. However, Real-Time Streaming Interactive Digital Humans (RTSIDHs) remain vulnerable to network instability, resulting in buffering, latency, visual degradation, and audio–video desynchronization that substantially impair user Quality of Experience (QoE). To effectively perceive these distortions, we present RDHQA, the first large-scale RTSIDH Quality Assessment dataset. RDHQA comprises 134 representative interaction scenarios with eight digital human avatars as high-quality references, along with 1,340 distorted samples generated by simulating five common streaming degradations. Based on extensive subjective evaluations, we further propose SAV-PF, an audio–visual quality assessment method built on the human foundation model Sapiens and informed by cognitive principles such as the primacy effect and forgetting curve. Experimental results demonstrate that SAV-PF achieves superior performance over existing objective QoE assessment approaches, providing a more accurate prediction of user experience. This work is open-sourced at https://github.com/zyj-2000/RDHQA under the CC BY-NC 4.0 licence.
LoisID proposes a portable trust and reputation infrastructure designed to enable individuals and organizations to accumulate, verify, and transport trust across digital ecosystems. The framework extends beyond identity verification and introduces a reusable trust layer for finance, education, employment, governance, and Web3 environments. By transforming trust into a portable and interoperable digital asset, LoisID seeks to address reputation fragmentation and establish a foundation for the next generation digital economy.
Abstract : This article investigates the efficacy of implementing an AI-powered automated trading system on the blockchain using advanced machine learning algorithms and smart contract technology. The work addresses the challenges of cryptocurrency market volatility, the need for real-time decision making and the limitations of traditional trading approaches that often result in suboptimal returns and exposure to increased risk. This work develops a comprehensive trading platform that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, Q-Learning reinforcement learning algorithms and blockchain-based smart contracts to create an autonomous, intelligent trading system. The methodology follows a multi-layered approach that integrates real-time market data collection from CoinGecko and Snowtrace APIs, advanced AI model training using TensorFlow.js, and smart contract deployment on the Avalanche C-Chain using Hardhat and OpenZeppelin libraries. LSTM model is used for price prediction and Q-Learning agent is used for trading strategy optimization, while comprehensive risk management is implemented using Value at Risk (VaR) calculations, portfolio rebalancing algorithms and automated stop-loss mechanisms. The trading execution is facilitated through direct integration with Pangolin DEX smart contracts to ensure decentralized and trustless trade execution. The performance of the system is evaluated using a sophisticated backtesting engine with Monte Carlo simulations, comparing the AI-driven strategy against traditional buy-and-hold approaches. The performance metrics used were Sharpe ratio, maximum drawdown, win rate, and total return. The AI-powered token prediction system demonstrates a superior performance due to its ability to process complex, non-linear market patterns and adapt to changing market conditions through reinforcement learning, and execute trades with minimal latency through blockchain integration. The findings are expected to provide cryptocurrency traders and institutional investors with a robust and automated trading solution that leverages the benefits of both artificial intelligence and blockchain technology for improved investment outcomes and risk management.
Adaora. A, Obayi, Caroline Asogwa, Blessing .C. Uzo
This study investigates traditional health care delivery systems to eliminate current inefficiencies by creating a decentralized appointment and referral management system using Web 3.0 technology, blockchain, smart contracts, and Decentralized Identity (DID) compatible with scalable cloud storage. In a series of multi-agent simulations run on the Ethereum and Polygon Testnets, the performance of the system under simulated high-load traffic scenarios was tested. The simulation results showed consistent transaction latencies (285 ms average), high throughput rates (34 appointments per second), and low errors rates (1.4%). Another innovation of this study was the development of a hybrid architecture that enables the storage of cryptographic hashes associated with medical records on-chain, while keeping patient data encrypted on off-chain servers. This allows the immutability and auditability of the data while still maintaining compliance with GDPR and HIPAA regulations by enabling patient data to be deleted from the system entirely. As a result, this system was significantly more secure, transparent, and operationally efficient compared to current centralized systems. These findings confirm and support the potential of decentralized technologies for Scalable, Trustworthy Medical Service Delivery of the Data.
This document serves as the official Executive Summary and reflexive analysis of the BeTrueCore decentralized collective intelligence protocol (Modular System v1.2). The text provides a rigorous interdisciplinary overview at the intersection of Web3 architecture, Zero-Knowledge cryptography (ZK-Proofs, MACI), quantum metaphors, and the theory of scale-invariant historical singularity. Divided into six core chapters, it details the ontology, historical context, empirical analogies (including the Princeton GCP), philosophical genesis (Wabi-Sabi, Kintsugi), and the mathematical framework (Wiener differential equation) of the temporal isolation circuit.
The relevance of this study is driven by the necessity to transform modern civil law doctrine toward a post-non-classical stage. Civil law constantly faces challenges from newly emerging relationships. The new decentralized internet, Web3, has shifted the paradigm for perceiving the elements of civil legal relations; as this article demonstrates, a new legal object exists on the blockchain, even though current civil norms state otherwise. In this regard, decentralized autonomous organizations are not merely a technological phenomenon but also a challenge to existing civil law theories and an instrument for protecting human rights amid the identity crisis of the information society and "surveillance capitalism". The purpose of this work is to substantiate a paradigm shift in research on decentralized autonomous organizations and to analyze their legal status by deconstructing the values they defend: privacy, dignity, and autonomy. The methodology is based on the axiological and historical approaches to Roman law and Kantian ethics to comprehend the depth of privacy problems and the relevance of these decentralized entities, alongside the synergetic method, which views a decentralized autonomous organization as a dissipative structure. The results demonstrate that such an organization is an autopoietic system where the protocol acts as a slaving principle (teleonomy of the code), while in bifurcation points preserving teleology of the community. It is argued that applying general corporate laws is dogmatically flawed due to the absence of affectio societatis (mutual trust) and undermines the very causa finalis of these decentralized systems – advocating for a decentralized internet and a shift of power to users, rather than creating just another form of a limited liability company. Prospects for further research include the proposal to treat these decentralized organizations as a sui generis construct. It is concluded that regulators should create "strange attractors" by applying the legal construct of Zweckvermögen (purpose-bound patrimony) to smart contracts, allowing these structures to participate in offline legal relationships without destroying their unique nature.
This public technical research article reconstructs a Lazarus-attributed fake-interview ecosystem targeting software developers, Web3 engineers, and cryptocurrency-adjacent organizations between 2024 and 2026. The investigation began after a fake technical interview reached Red Asgard in December 2025. The article documents the resulting investigation into malicious repositories, command-and-control panels, FTP and HTTP exfiltration, fake cryptocurrency exchanges, cryptomining infrastructure, operator-side development systems, blockchain-intelligence exposure, and related monetization tracks. The public version includes aggregate victimology, infrastructure reconstruction, malware and protocol analysis, counting methodology, attribution framework, public-safe indicators, detection logic, and defensive guidance. The public version deliberately excludes plaintext credentials, victim identifiers, private keys, session tokens, replayable C2 access mechanics, operator personal identifying information not cleared for release, and specific named unnotified victims. Restricted evidence packages are retained for vetted law-enforcement, CERT, provider, counsel-controlled, and affected-party disclosure channels. Original public article: https://redasgard.com/research/inside-the-machine
The relevance of this study is driven by the necessity to transform modern civil law doctrine toward a post-non-classical stage. Civil law constantly faces challenges from newly emerging relationships. The new decentralized internet, Web3, has shifted the paradigm for perceiving the elements of civil legal relations; as this article demonstrates, a new legal object exists on the blockchain, even though current civil norms state otherwise. In this regard, decentralized autonomous organizations are not merely a technological phenomenon but also a challenge to existing civil law theories and an instrument for protecting human rights amid the identity crisis of the information society and "surveillance capitalism". The purpose of this work is to substantiate a paradigm shift in research on decentralized autonomous organizations and to analyze their legal status by deconstructing the values they defend: privacy, dignity, and autonomy. The methodology is based on the axiological and historical approaches to Roman law and Kantian ethics to comprehend the depth of privacy problems and the relevance of these decentralized entities, alongside the synergetic method, which views a decentralized autonomous organization as a dissipative structure. The results demonstrate that such an organization is an autopoietic system where the protocol acts as a slaving principle (teleonomy of the code), while in bifurcation points preserving teleology of the community. It is argued that applying general corporate laws is dogmatically flawed due to the absence of affectio societatis (mutual trust) and undermines the very causa finalis of these decentralized systems – advocating for a decentralized internet and a shift of power to users, rather than creating just another form of a limited liability company. Prospects for further research include the proposal to treat these decentralized organizations as a sui generis construct. It is concluded that regulators should create "strange attractors" by applying the legal construct of Zweckvermögen (purpose-bound patrimony) to smart contracts, allowing these structures to participate in offline legal relationships without destroying their unique nature.
У статті досліджено вплив цифрової трансформації на розвиток креативної економіки та формування нових парадигм монетизації творчих продуктів. Показано, що цифровізація суттєво змінює традиційні підходи до маркетингу, відкриваючи можливості для персоналізованої взаємодії між креатором і аудиторією завдяки використанню аналітичних інструментів, алгоритмічного таргетингу та платформ цифрової комунікації. Особлива увага приділяється ролі інфлюенсер-маркетингу, платформ прямої підтримки авторів і розвитку моделей підписки, донатів та краудфандингу як альтернативи класичній моделі продажу продукту. Обґрунтовано, що цифрові платформи сприяють демократизації доступу до ринку, зниженню бар’єрів входу та формуванню моделі «довгого хвоста», яка забезпечує стабільну монетизацію навіть нішевих продуктів. У роботі розкрито трансформацію економічних механізмів у креативних індустріях, де ключовим ресурсом стають дані про поведінку аудиторії, а не лише сам контент. Доведено, що ефективна монетизація базується на управлінні цифровими активами, зокрема аудиторією, каналами комунікації та аналітикою, що дозволяє підвищити рівень персоналізації та конверсії. Окремо висвітлено роль новітніх технологій, таких як штучний інтелект, NFT та Web3, які розширюють можливості створення, дистрибуції та капіталізації творчих продуктів, формуючи нові типи взаємодії з користувачами та моделі отримання доходу. Підкреслено зростання значення мікроспільнот, ексклюзивних форматів доступу та економіки дефіциту як інструментів підвищення цінності продукту та формування емоційної прихильності аудиторії. Також проаналізовано нерівномірність цифровізації окремих секторів креативної економіки, зокрема традиційного мистецтва, виконавських практик, музейної справи та культурної спадщини, де цифрові технології мають обмеження через специфіку споживчого досвіду. Визначено ключові бар’єри цифрової трансформації, серед яких недостатній рівень цифрової компетентності, обмежені ресурси та складність передачі емоційної та сенсорної складової творчого продукту у цифровому середовищі. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування гнучких стратегій цифрової інтеграції, що поєднують технологічні можливості з культурною специфікою галузей. У підсумку доведено, що цифрова монетизація трансформується у самостійну форму креативності, а сучасний креатор виступає не лише виробником контенту, а архітектором цифрових екосистем і емоційних економік, здатним самостійно управляти процесами створення, просування та капіталізації власного продукту