Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to identify the various aspects of the Justice and Progress Fund and delineate its directions in the future. In fact, the important goals of this study are to evaluate the strengths and criticisms of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, to identify ways getting out of the bottlenecks of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, to present competing alternatives to the Justice and Progress Fund, to present the advantages and bottlenecks and limitations of the Justice and Progress Fund, and to identify solutions for the implementation of the Justice and Progress Fund.Methodology: The methods used in this research are descriptive, evaluation, content analysis and comparative studies. From the point of view of aim, the research is an applied and developmental type. The tools of this study were a researcher-made questionnaire, interviews and library and documentary studies. The data were collected as a library work by using the theses, scientific and research papers as well as conference articles on the sites of Magiran, academic jihad database and scientific and research magazines of the ministers. Latin references were also used for their scientific and research articles cited on the google scholar site. To collect the research data, after making the necessary arrangements with the managers, experts and elites in the field, the research questions were provided to them in the form of a questionnaire. In total, 55 experts were selected using the snowball sampling method.Findings and discussion: The results of the investigations show that the low cost of creating the fund (the structure, facilities and hardware of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund), the alignment and sometimes overlapping of the goals of the Justice and Progress Fund with the goals of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, the possibility of holding provincial officials accountable for the optimal and efficient use of resources allocated, and the possibility of proposing and applying new financing models and leveraging them have been the most important strengths and opportunities of the Justice and Progress Fund. On the other hand, the lack of transparency in grants in paragraph (a) of note (18) have caused weaknesses such as the application of taste, lack of giving and receiving reports, replacing relationships and connections instead of regulations, eliminating economic justification in activities, and creating rent and corruption in the country.Conclusions and policy implications: One of the most important results of the current research was determining the tasks and clarifying the direction of the Justice and Progress Fund in the future. Therefore, in a process of identifying dualities of orientation, an attempt has been made to prepare the basis for developing a conceptual model to form the Justice and Progress Fund.Based on the summation of the opinions of managers and elites in this field, the research groups of the Development and Foresight Research Center, the Management and Planning Organization of the provinces of the country, and the expert opinion of the researcher based on the different parts of the article, and the opinions of all the interviewed people, the two options of continuing the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund and creating the Iran Justice and Progress Fund were taken into consideration. Although the Justice and Progress Fund has been examined in detail as the main idea of this research and placed in the center of attention of the study, the continuation of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund is proposed as another option based on the opinions of experts in this field. The disadvantages of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund have been evaluated to be far more than its merits. In general, based on the evaluations of growth and development funds and the views and opinions of experts and managers, it is possible to realize the Justice and Progress Fund. The key orientations in the design of the Justice and Progress Fund include emphasis on providing financial resources for non-governmental and second-optimal projects with specific criteria and conditions, creating financial leverage to use private sector resources, supporting businesses with high added value, supporting bases of investment and provision of facilities, financing small and medium-sized projects, emphasis on the method of providing domestic financial resources, allocation of facilities to projects based on prioritizing economic growth (realization of 8 percent growth) based on the national spatial development document, focusing on limited and specific goals, decentralizing and increasing the authorities of the Provincial Planning and Development Council, strengthening the local government, and the management and planning of the organization as a custodian institution.The coordinates of the Progress and Justice Fund are proposed in this section in the areas of activity limits, realization and monitoring, how to provide financial resources, how to allocate facilities to plans and projects and management structures (powers and infrastructure) among them some are mentioned:Completing and developing the production infrastructure in the provinces, developing transparent and program-oriented mechanisms for the allocation of financial resources of the Fund, emphasizing the provision of financial resources for non-governmental and second-optimum projects with specific criteria and conditions (allocating a maximum of 10 percent of the Fund's resources to governmental projects with high physical progress), creating a separate account in the province to inform the governors of the amount of resources and expenses in the fund, decentralization and increasing the authorities of the Provincial Planning and Development Council (allocating the fund resources to the provinces), further opening the path to the formation of the local government and the proposed trustee body for the Justice and Progress Fund, planning and budget organization of the country and at the provincial level, and altering the management and planning organization of the provinces into a provincial planning and development council (because the chairmanship of the council is the governor’s task; while enjoying the cooperation and support of the governors, the development priorities of the province will also be taken into account).
A smart city is a complex system that combines various technologies to provide services and address urban challenges. It aims to minimize human involvement in management, operations, and finance. Blockchain technology is a key component of this system, simplifying procedures and reducing costs through asset decentralization. It enhances transparency, security, and eliminates data duplication. However, implementing blockchain technology in smart cities can be challenging due to lack of knowledge about governing organizations' physical structures. The chapter discusses current trends and challenges in implementing blockchain technology in smart cities, highlighting its potential to aid modernizing network technology and infrastructure management systems.
This paper examines business model implementations in three leading European smart cities: London, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Through a systematic literature review and comparative analysis, the study identifies and analyzes various business models employed in these urban contexts. The findings reveal a diverse array of models, including public–private partnerships, build–operate–transfer arrangements, performance-based contracts, community-centric models, innovation hubs, revenue-sharing models, outcome-based financing, and asset monetization strategies. Each city leverages a unique combination of these models to address its specific urban challenges and priorities. The study highlights the role of PPPs in large-scale infrastructure projects, BOT arrangements in transportation solutions, and performance-based contracts in driving efficiency and accountability. It also explores the benefits of community-centric models, innovation hubs, revenue-sharing models, outcome-based financing, and asset monetization strategies in enhancing the sustainability, efficiency, and livability of smart cities. The paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers seeking to advance smart city development worldwide.
This article examines the potential for artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to advance sustainability. Through a literature review and critical analysis, the study evaluates the possible advantages, difficulties, and opportunities of utilizing these technologies to support a sustainable future. The research study emphasizes how effective AI is at streamlining resource management, increasing system efficiency, and optimizing energy use. It focuses on the potential of blockchain to improve supply chain accountability and transparency, and it also discusses the game-changing potential of IoT to improve resource management. However, some issues must be resolved, including excessive costs, technological difficulties, data privacy concerns, and social repercussions. The essay advocates creating multidisciplinary research programs, funding R&D, and supporting collaborative relationships. It also suggests creating sustainable implementation plans, prioritizing ethical issues and data governance, and encouraging information exchange and awareness. By accepting these proposals, stakeholders may leverage the promise of green technology and innovation to build a sustainable future. It is also clear that the Internet of Things (IoT) can potentially optimize resource management. Real-time data on a variety of topics, including traffic conditions, air and water quality, and water management, can be provided through IoT-enabled sensors. Cities may reduce traffic, increase energy efficiency, enhance environmental conditions, and encourage sustainable water management techniques by utilizing this data to inform their decisions. However, serious consideration must be given to data privacy, security, scalability, and interoperability issues to ensure IoT solutions’ ethical and efficient adoption. Despite their enormous potential, the paper acknowledges the difficulties and constraints in implementing these technologies. Significant obstacles include high implementation costs, complex technical requirements, and the requirement for adequate data privacy and security safeguards. A sustainable and inclusive future also requires resolving ethical issues, including algorithmic prejudice, social fairness, and equitable access to technology. The report recommends encouraging cooperative relationships between academia, business, government, and communities to address these issues. Research and development investments are required to evaluate these technologies’ practical use, scalability, and economic viability. In addition, multidisciplinary research initiatives can comprehensively comprehend green technology and innovation’s social, economic, and environmental effects. It has been concluded that there is great potential for future technologies, such as AI, blockchain, and IoT, to advance sustainability. Stakeholders can use these technologies’ revolutionary potential to build a sustainable future by resolving obstacles, promoting collaboration, and doing additional research. To ensure the ethical and successful application of green technology and innovation for the benefit of the environment and future generations, it is essential to prioritize ethical considerations, establish sustainable implementation strategies, and foster information exchange and awareness.
N Ajay, M R Shrihari, K S Suchitra, B. Usha · 6 authors
Artificial intelligence (AI) is identified as a critical technology, Blockchain technology will be used for security in “e-governance in smart cities using Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain,” which would deliver government services to citizens through AI. One of the most popular blockchains for e-governance applications is Ethereum. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a significant tool for data analysis and decision-making. It provides effective solutions for urban administration, and e-governance is essential for enabling the integration of all smart city components. e-government platforms may help smart cities make sure their institutions are more accountable, transparent, inclusive, and effective. Blockchain is a n exciting new technology that has the potential to change and advance many different industries. One of the newest additions to the complete ideology of Smart Cities is Blockchain technology, which functions as a distributed database that is decentralized and immutable. Our modern cities have incorporated many different forms of technology due to the rise in urbanization and the rise in citizen participation. We need standardized structures and processes for integrating government, citizens, and technology in order for cities to become smart. The potential of Blockchain technology to facilitate e-governance in smart cities is examined in this article. We look at the issues that citizens face on a daily basis and weigh the advantages of integrating blockchain technology
Blockchain technology is increasingly being recognized for its pivotal role in enhancing security, immutability, and transparency across government sectors, notably in land registration (LR) processes. This research emphasizes the need for contextually adapted blockchain technology solutions, particularly in resource-constrained and culturally diverse settings. Utilizing the elaborated action design research method, this study presents a Hyperledger-based blockchain technology system tailored for Sudan’s LR, addressing technical challenges, evaluation frameworks, privacy measures, and deployment strategies. This system not only facilitates secure and transparent land transactions from planning to certificate issuance, but also integrates the management of land sales, significantly reducing the need for intermediaries. By providing a detailed exploration of the system’s goals, technical hurdles, and practical deployment insights, this research contributes valuable knowledge to the implementation of blockchain technology in LR, with findings that are applicable to similar contexts globally. This study underscores the importance of customizing blockchain solutions to meet the unique requirements of different environments, thereby advancing digital government in resource-constrained settings.
Smart Cities are urban areas that leverage technological solutions to enhance the management and efficiency of traditional networks for the benefit of their residents and businesses. This paper presents a systematic literature review based on the SPAR-4-SLR protocol, aimed at analyzing the literature and the progress in Smart Cities research. It specifically focuses on the impact of blockchain technology on the urban environment and its potential to contribute to the development of inclusive and sustainable communities, including financial systems with similar characteristics to serve these societies. The findings reveal a lack of research on practical applications of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and blockchain in developing the financial ecosystem of Smart Cities. To address this gap, a future research agenda is proposed, highlighting several research questions that could be useful for academics and practitioners interested in exploring the development of Smart Cities' financial systems. It also highlights the potential of blockchain technology for the real estate market, which is a crucial component of urban organization in smart city constructions. Blockchain can provide a secure and transparent land registry system that reduces fraud, streamlines property transactions, and enhances land management. Therefore, research is needed to develop blockchain-based solutions for land registration, title verification, and property taxation in smart city governance.
Michael Lustenberger, Sabrina Wollenschläger, Lukas Küng
This paper explores the promise of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) as a digital governance tool for collaborative housing initiatives. Based on existing literature around the collaborative housing initiative no1s1, we explore the research question: How can DAOs help govern collaborative housing initiatives? To address this, we employ conceptual research methods, synthesizing theories from the field of collaborative housing and DAOs to propose a new framework for the governance of such initiatives. Our analysis identifies five key benefits of DAOs in collaborative housing governance: a transparent crypto-accounting system, scalable decision-making, global jurisdiction and rule enforcement, automated rights and incentives system, and flexible polycentric governance. These benefits align with Elinor Ostrom’s “Governing the Commons” principles and highlight the potential of DAOs to enable scalability and autonomy in geographically dispersed communities. While theoretical, our study provides insights into the transformative potential of blockchain-based DAOs in collaborative housing governance, laying the groundwork for further research and real-world and empirical validation.
Smart cities represent a promising paradigm aimed at enhancing citizens’ quality of life through cutting-edge infrastructure and technological advancements. Collaborative services serve as a cornerstone for any smart city, fostering seamless cooperation among diverse entities, including government agencies, businesses, and individuals, thereby enhancing community outcomes. These services are pivotal, promoting seamless communication and collaboration among various smart applications, and facilitating data exchange, resource sharing, and functional interactions within smart city environments to optimize efficiency, effectiveness, and user experiences. However, the development and deployment of secure, interoperable services in smart cities present significant challenges. These issues encompass, ensuring data security compliance during interoperation, effective management of interconnected services, securely handling sensitive data across services, and addressing issues related to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) traits. To tackle these challenges, this research proposes an innovative adaptive security governance framework tailored for smart cities. This framework relies on dynamic security policies implemented through smart contracts to guarantee data security and privacy during smart service interoperation. Real-world use cases in collaborative smart city environments validate the framework, integrating multi-chain blockchain technology, smart services APIs, and Software-Defined Networking (SDN), showcasing its ability to enhance security and efficiency in collaborative services. This study contributes to the development of safe and efficient collaborative services inside smart cities, tackling administrative issues while emphasizing data security and privacy. Smart cities may improve citizens’ living conditions while successfully addressing crucial security problems in an ever-changing environment by using this architecture.
In an era of rapid technological advancement, decisions about the ownership and governance of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence will shape the future of both urban and rural environments in the Global North and South. This article explores how AI can move beyond the noise of algorithms by adopting a technological humanistic approach to enable Social Innovation, focusing on global inequalities and digital justice. Using a fieldwork Action Research methodology, based on the Smart Rural Communities project in Colombia and Mozambique, the study develops a framework for integrating AI with SI. Drawing on insights from the AI4SI International Summer School held in Donostia-San Sebastián in 2024, the article examines the role of decentralized Web3 technologies—such as Blockchain, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, and Data Cooperatives—in enhancing data sovereignty and fostering inclusive and participatory governance. The results demonstrate how decentralization can empower marginalized communities in the Global South by promoting digital justice and addressing the imbalance of power in digital ecosystems. The conclusion emphasizes the potential for AI and decentralized technologies to bridge the digital divide, offering practical recommendations for scaling these innovations to support equitable, community-driven governance and address systemic inequalities across the Global North and South.
Open access
2 source records
Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию методов верификации данных в умных городах с использованием синергии искусственного интеллекта, распределённых реестров и сетевой теории. Актуальность вопроса определяется возрастающей сложностью городской инфраструктуры и необходимостью обеспечения безопасности, прозрачности и достоверности информации, поступающей с множества сенсоров и устройств в рамках концепции умного города. Во введении обоснована необходимость разработки новых методов проверки данных для повышения устойчивости и эффективности городских систем управления. Отмечается, что традиционные решения зачастую не справляются с масштабами и динамикой современного городского пространства, где данные генерируются в реальном времени и требуют быстрого анализа и подтверждения подлинности. В разделе «Методы» описаны использованные подходы, включающие алгоритмы машинного обучения для обработки и анализа информации, протоколы распределённых реестров, обеспечивающие неизменность данных, а также методы сетевого анализа, позволяющие выявлять ключевые узлы и связи в городской инфраструктуре. Проведён сравнительный анализ характеристик предложенных методов и технологий, что позволило сформировать единую методологическую модель верификации. Раздел «Результаты» демонстрирует, как применение интегрированной модели обеспечивает повышение надежности систем умного города. На основе экспериментальных данных показано, что использование комбинированного подхода позволяет существенно сократить число фальсификаций информации, а также оптимизировать процессы распределённой обработки данных. Выявлены основные закономерности и преимущества, связанные с синергией технологий искусственного интеллекта, блокчейн-решений и сетевой теории. В обсуждении делается акцент на перспективности интегрированных решений для устойчивого развития городской среды, а также рассматриваются вызовы и возможные направления дальнейших исследований. Авторы предлагают рекомендации по внедрению разработанных методов в реальные городские системы, что позволит обеспечить более гибкую, надёжную и саморегулируемую инфраструктуру умного города. Работа может стать основой для разработки новых стандартов верификации данных и улучшения взаимодействия между информационными компонентами городской среды. This article is devoted to the study of data verification methods in smart cities using the synergy of artificial intelligence, distributed registries and network theory. The urgency of the issue is determined by the increasing complexity of urban infrastructure and the need to ensure the security, transparency and reliability of information coming from multiple sensors and devices within the framework of the smart city concept. The «Introduction» substantiates the need to develop new methods of data verification to improve the sustainability and effectiveness of urban management systems. It is noted that traditional solutions often cannot cope with the scale and dynamics of modern urban space, where data is generated in real time and requires rapid analysis and authentication. The «Methods» section describes the approaches used, including machine learning algorithms for information processing and analysis, distributed ledger protocols that ensure data immutability, as well as network analysis methods that identify key nodes and connections in urban infrastructure. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the proposed methods and technologies was carried out, which made it possible to form a unified methodological verification model. The «Results» section demonstrates how the use of the integrated model improves the reliability of smart city systems. Based on experimental data, it is shown that using a combined approach can significantly reduce the number of information falsifications, as well as optimize distributed data processing processes. The main patterns and advantages associated with the synergy of artificial intelligence technologies, blockchain solutions and network theory have been identified. The discussion focuses on the prospects of integrated solutions for the sustainable development of the urban environment, as well as discusses challenges and possible areas for further research. The authors offer recommendations on how to implement the developed methods into real urban systems, which will ensure a more flexible, reliable and self-regulating smart city infrastructure. This work can become the basis for developing new standards for data verification and improving interaction between information components of the urban environment.
Open access
Smart Cities and Technologies
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Cohen's Smart City Generational model has been the basis of understanding for the evolution of the Smart Cities movement. However, how does this model align with practitioners’ conceptualization of the term? Our research focuses on Infrastructure Canada's Smart City Challenge (SCC). Through 14 primary interviews and 20 finalist applications, this research reveals that practitioners overwhelmingly understand Smart City building as a government-driven, data-centric endeavor (Smart City 2.0), as opposed to being about vendor transactions (Smart City 1.0), resident engagement (Smart City 3.0), or community co-creation (Smart City 4.0), where the specific technology is of secondary importance to project objectives. We conclude that, rather than moving through distinct generations, the smart cities movement should be understood as a gradual process of municipal public administration modernization as local governments are becoming increasingly savvy and experienced about contracting with technology firms to address urban problems.
Open access
Smart Cities and Technologies
Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
Erik Karger, Tim Brée, Rafael Ziolkowski, Marvin Jagals · 5 authors
Since the 2000s, the interest around smart cities continues to grow due to the increasing digitalization, urbanization, and marketing of the smart city idea by tech companies. A central characteristic of smart cities is their use of digital technologies. One of these technologies that is increasingly applied in smart cities is the blockchain. Re-search on blockchain and how it is used within smart cities has grown significantly over the last years. Nowadays, research on blockchain in smart cities is a heterogeneous research field with contributions from many different disciplines. This paper therefore seeks to provide an analysis and overview of the emergent research field of the application of blockchain technology in smart cities. We do so by conducting a bibliometric analysis of research published between 2014 and 2021. As results, we give a thematic and bibliometric overview of this research field. This includes an overview of the past research on blockchain for smart cities, its key topics, and main areas of research. Furthermore, by giving an overview of potential future research questions, we aim to provide researchers with a platform for further developments within this field.
K R Varalakshmi, T R Mahesh, Akhilendra Pratap Singh
wireless sensor system technology has made it possible for ubiquitous sensing, which affects many aspects of contemporary life. Indicators of environmental health, from sensitive ecologies as well as biodiversity to urban settings, may now be measured, inferred, and understood. The Internet of Things is enabled by the extensive utilization of these devices in a network that facilitates communication and action. In this network, the actuators and sensors smoothly interact with our environment as data is exchanged across platforms to provide a unified operational view. Near field communication (NFC) is the upcoming technology that will enable the transformation of the worldwide web into a fully integrated Future Internet. This technology is being advanced through the adoption of variousenabling device methods, such as tags, audience members, encased sense and actuators nodes, and nodes for near field interaction. The demand for data-on-demand, using complex and straightforward queries, increases significantly as studies transition from web to web2 to web3. This study presents a cloud-centric vision for the worldwideimplementation of the Internet of Things. The future of IoT research is expected to be influenced by many significant technology enablers and their corresponding application domains, which are emphasized. A cloud architecture based on the interplay of public as well as private clouds and employing Aneka is shown. Study conducted elaborate on the need of unity, the global web, and distributed processing in our last section of our IoT vision for the community of technical researchers.
Urban growth sometimes leads to rigid infrastructure that struggles to adapt to changing demand. This paper introduces a novel approach, aiming to enable cities to evolve and respond more effectively to such dynamic demand. It identifies the limitations arising from the complexity and inflexibility of existing urban systems. A framework is presented for enhancing the city's adaptability perception through advanced sensing technologies, conducting parallel simulation via graph-based techniques, and facilitating autonomous decision-making across domains through decentralized and autonomous organization and operation. Notably, a symbiotic mechanism is employed to implement these technologies practically, thereby making urban management more agile and responsive. In the case study, we explore how this approach can optimize traffic flow by adjusting lane allocations. This case not only enhances traffic efficiency but also reduces emissions. The proposed evolutionary city offers a new perspective on sustainable urban development, highliting the importance of integrated intelligence within urban systems.
The rise of connected and smart devices has heightened the demand for robust Internet of Things (IoT) applications, necessitating enhanced data storage and processing. Traditional cloud-based IoT systems, often distant from users, grapple with issues like server load, slow responses, and limited mobility. Edge computing counters some of these problems by bringing processing closer to users. Selecting appropriate nodes also addresses common IoT challenges such as network lifetime, resource allocation, and data reliability, ensuring optimal intervals for node selection. Integrating edge and blockchain tech in IoT introduces new perspectives on access control design. This study introduces an innovative approach using fuzzy logic for node selection in blockchain-powered edge IoT. Fuzzy logic processes numeric and linguistic data concurrently, alongside the Technique of Preference Ranking by Similarity of Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). This fuzzy-based method enhances IoT node selection efficiency, with three entry criteria, significantly ameliorating considered parameters, as demonstrated by experimental results.
Climate change is a threat and crisis that hit the world today; one of them is causing drought, rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and heat waves; therefore, the target towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060 must be an obligation in all countries. Green Building (GB) is a building that meets Building Technical Standards, and has demonstrated demonstrable success in conserving resources such as water, energy, and other resources. The application of GB principles following the function and classification in every stage of their implementation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims to analyze the cost of improvement work based on GB assessment in applying the Technical Guidelines from Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) No. 1 of 2022, which is the latest regulation in Indonesia. The blockchain-BIM method and the implementation of the GB component will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to find the most influential factors. The results of this study show that by applying Blockchain-BIM to overcome the cost constraints, it is proven to be able to increase the cost performance of GB in modern shopping center buildings by 3–3.8% in the Basic rating, while for other ratings, it is 0.5–2.1% higher, where the selection of a renewable energy model is very influential. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-09 Full Text: PDF
Revolutionizing data processing, security and real-time decision making, the move to IoT edge intelligence is advancing the state of the art in how we approach these and all challenges of modern business. Latency, bandwidth constraints, security vulnerability are the traditional pain points of traditional cloud-based service models, edge computing is a critical solution. The IoT systems can be made more responsive, better able to utilize resources more effectively, and more secure by way of integrating ML driven visualization and edge AI strategies. Nevertheless, there are still some challenges about this such as scaling, data privacy, and computational efficiency. These risks can be mitigated with the solutions like federated learning, blockchain integration and then the anomaly detection, and all that data can actually flow seamlessly and securely. Edge AI takes the best of centralized cloud along with cost efficiency of distributed systems and results in reducing dependence on centralized cloud infrastructure, and optimizing data processing by doing the computation locally to lower latency and save bandwidth. Furthermore, ML based visualization tools help in making IoT applications efficient for smart cities, health-care and industrial automation domains. Though the technology was developed years ago, security continues to be a key consideration as blockchain technology ensures secure, tamper proof data management, while federated learning ensures that data is private because it is decentralized during training. It is expected that later IoT edge intelligence can be advanced further from emerging technology such as quantum computing and AI driven automation. Such advancements will enable more scalable, secure and efficient processing frameworks that would lead to making intelligent, autonomous decisioning in the real time environment. As organizations adopt the edge AI solutions, it is important to address their current limitations and exploit the future innovation for the further growth and efficiency of IoT ecosystems.
Abstract Smart cities driven by modern technologies are the need of the day to alleviate the urbanisation challenges and improve the overall experience of the citizens. As the role of data‐sharing to facilitate systems integration across city sectors for developing smart cities has grown ever so profoundly, there is a need for decentralisation, transparency, and openness in terms of integration of city sectors to have efficient data diffusion among them. This is extremely important as the requirements of smart sustainable cities are open data sharing to allow service providers to better serve the citizens. Blockchain technology offers these characteristics with the extremely important added advantage of maintaining data security via an immutable record. However, the notion of the use of Blockchain for smart sustainable cities is still in the early years and requires extensive efforts to research and test it. In this research, a state‐of‐the‐art review is conducted to explore the usefulness of Blockchain technology in smart sustainable city development with a specific focus on cross‐sectoral systems integration, highlighting the gaps in the existing body of knowledge. This leads to the proposal of a novel framework for the use of Blockchain for smart sustainable cities, linking together service providers and citizens.