Durch die steigende Popularitรคt von Bitcoin steigen auch die Anforderungen von Benutzern nach effektiven Techniken zur Wahrung ihrer Privatsphรคre. Zwei hรคufig empfohlene Dienste sind Wasabi Wallet und Samourai Wallet, welche durch CoinJoins das robuste und sichere Vermischen von Bitcoins versprechen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Rolle dieser beiden Dienste im Bitcoin รkosystem, wie sich diese Rolle im Laufe der Zeit entwickelt hat und ob es mรถglich ist, Benutzer dieser Dienste zu deanonymisieren. Um die Rolle beider Dienste zu analysieren werden Heuristiken entwickelt, welche die CoinJoin Transaktionen von Wasabi Wallet und Samourai Wallet erkennen. Auf Basis der so entdeckten Transaktionen wird sichtbar, dass sowohl die Anzahl der Transaktionen als auch die Anzahl der vermischten Bitcoins stetig wรคchst, was auf eine wachsende Nutzerbasis hinweist. Darรผber hinaus wurden Adressen von Entitรคten, welche in Verbindung zu kriminellen Aktivitรคten wie Ransomware und Service-Hacks stehen, in der Nรคhe von CoinJoin Transaktionen beider Dienste identifiziert. Schlussendlich wird das zugrundeliegende System beider Dienste in Hinblick auf Diebstahl, Denial-of-Service sowie Deanonymisierung von Benutzern analysiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass ein bรถsartiger CoinJoin-Koordinator theoretisch Nutzer deanonymisieren kann, dies jedoch nur in einer eher offensichtlichen Art, welche zu nachtrรคglichem Misstrauen fรผhren kann. Des Weiteren sind sowohl Wasabi Wallet als auch Samourai Wallet robust gegenรผber Diebstahl und verfรผgen รผber Maรnahmen gegen Denial-of-Service Angriffe.
Seungwon Cho, Muhammad Khan, Jae-Ho Pyeon, Chansik Park
In total, 44.3% of particle matter 10 (PM10) is fugitive dust, and one of the main sources of fugitive dust generation in Korea is construction work (22%). Construction sites account for 84% of the total business places that have reported fugitive dust generation. Currently, the concentration of fine dust at construction sites is being remotely monitored by government inspection agencies through IoT sensors, but it is difficult to trust that appropriate fine dust reduction measures are being taken, because contractors can avoid taking these measures by submitting false reports or photos. In addition, since the fine dust monitoring system under government management is not an open platform and centralized system, residents near construction sites encounter difficulties in accessing information about fine dust. Therefore, in this study, we designed and constructed a blockchain network model to transparently and reliably provide network participants with the information associated with IoT data and fine dust reduction measures. To operate the blockchain network, we designed the chaincode, DApp, and network architecture. In addition, information on fine dust concentration and reduction measure photos were shared with the participants via the blockchain search tool (Hyperledger Explorer). The proposed blockchain network is expected to form a trust protocol among contractors, government inspection agencies, and citizens.
Tri Wahyuningsih, Gunawan Gunawan, Fitra Putri Oganda, Mey Anggraeni
With the approaching of the digital age, digital education resources bring convenience to folks as a result of they're liable to duplicate and spread, however there are some disadvantages in on-line education service transactions. The safety problems with digital education resources and also the development of smuggled distribution seriously harm the rights and interests of the house owners of digital education resources. supported this, during this paper, we have a tendency to planned a blockchain-based digital education resources authentication system that uses the decentralized, tamper-resistant options of blockchain technology to store the digital education resources info within the style of a secret text. Within the system, there is no have to be compelled to need the participation of any third-party institution. The system planned during this study can greatly defend the rights and interests of the owner of digital education resources.
AbstractFor learner's self-directed distance education, the need for Problem Recommendation learning guidesreflecting accurate learning patterns based on learner data is increasing. In this paper, based onblockchain based smart contract technology, various learner data generated in the distance educationenvironment were collected and accurately managed to analyze Problem Recommendation patternsfor individual learners and gave weights for each learning situation. It is possible to present the optimalProblem Recommendation path when individual learners solve problems based on the assigned weightsfor each learning situation. To evaluate the performance of this study, the learning satisfaction with theexisting similar learning environment, the usefulness of the Problem Recommendation guide, and theprocessing speed of learner data were analyzed. As a result, compared to the existing learningenvironment, the proposed learning environment improved learning satisfaction by 19% or more, and itwas confirmed that the learning data processing speed was improved by more than 20%.
๋ณธ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์ฑํ์ ํนํ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ์น์ ๊ณผํ์ ์ธ ํฉ์์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ํ์ฌ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ์น๊ฑฐ๋์(SOVEX: Social Value Exchange)์ ์ค๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์ด์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ๋ค. SOVEX๋ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ์น์ ์ด์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์ธํฐ๋ท์ ์ด์ฉํ ์๊ฑฐ๋์ ํฌ์๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์๋ ํ๋ซํผ์ด๋ค. SOVEX๋ ๊ฑฐ๋๋น์ฉ์ ์ค์ด๊ณ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ค์ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ธ๊ฐ ์ง์ ๊ฑฐ๋(peer to peer)๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๋ค. SOVEX๋ ํ์ค์ํ๋ ๋ธ๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ํ๋ซํผ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฑฐ๋๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ ์ฅํ๊ณ ์ํธ์์ฐ์ ์ด์ฉํ ํ์ค์๊ธ์ต(DeFi: decentralized finance)์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ์ด(Social DeFi)๋ผ๊ณ ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค. SOVEX์์ ๋ฐํํ๋ ์ํธ์์ฐ์ ์ํ๊ณ์ ์ฌํ์ ์๋ณธ(social capital)์ ๊ฐ์น์ ์ฐ๋๋๊ฒ ๋์์ธํ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ์ํ๊ณ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ธ๋ถํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ์ ์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ(incentive structure)์ ์ฐ๊ด๋์ด ๋๋์ ํด์ด๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๊ณ ๋ธ๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ๋ณด์ ๋น๋์นญ์ฑ์ ์ํํ๋๋ก ๋ ธ๋ ฅํด์ผ ํ๋ค. SOVEX๊ฐ ์ฑ๊ณตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ํ๋ซํผ ์ ๋ต์ด ํ์ํ๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ํ๋ซํผ ์ด์์๋ก์์ ๋น์์ฅ์ญ๋์ด ๋งค์ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค. ํนํ ๋ชจํธํ ๊ด๋ จ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ํด์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ์๋ค๊ณผ์ ์ํต์ด ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํ๋ค. SOVEX๋ฅผ ํตํ์ฌ ๋ธ๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ ํตํ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ๋์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด ๋ธ๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ๋ค์ ๊ตญ๋ด์ ๋ธ๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ๋์๋ ์ ๋น์ฑ๊ณผ ์์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์ฌํ๊ณ , ์ ๊ณ์ ๊ท์ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ํ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ค. In this paper, we outline the possibility of a social value exchange (SOVEX) that can engage in trading that is of social value, and which can stimulate growth in the social economy sector. SOVEX is an envisaged online platform that could engage in trading and investments that are of social value. In order to reduce the transaction costs and enhance the understanding of participants, SOVEX would operate on the basis of a peer to peer (P2P) system. It could also be called a system of social decentralized finance (DeFi) because it would use decentralized blockchain to store transaction data. It is possible to design the cryptoasset that would be issued by SOVEX so that it could reflect the value of social capital in the social economy ecosystem. Then, moral hazard could be minimized through the incentive structure created by the exchange, while information asymmetry would be mitigated through the transparent nature of blockchain technology. This paper concludes by emphasizing the non-market capability of the exchange operator, since new legislation and communi- cation on the part of SOVEX with various stakeholders to ensure productive regulations come about would be essential.
Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems
Technology and Data Analysis
Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions
The existing technologies allow to distribute digital images quickly and easily through the internet. The misuse of digital images, intentionally or unintentionally, increases dramatically especially with copyright protection that facing a major challenge. There are many unsolved problems in the centralized copyright office registration such as high cost services, long time processing, store copyright information in the centralized server and susceptibility to tampering registration records. In this paper, a schema of copyright digital management system is designed based on blockchain, Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) and Perceptual hash image. Blockchain technology evolvement has very changed the network that makes numerous applications become distributed and decentralized without loss of security. Moreover, our solution exploits the benefits of IPFS to store image and text file of copyright owner's information on a decentralized file system. Perceptual image hashing is used for authentication based on the understanding of the image content. The scheme uses Point to Point (P2P) network to improve the copyright image management, make the distribution of copyrighted work without third part and finally protect the copyright owner.
Blockchain is a technology that enables trust-based consensus and verification based on a decentralized network. Distributed ID (DID) is based on a decentralized structure, and users have the right to manage their own ID. Recently, interest in self-sovereign identity authentication is increasing. In this paper, as a method for transparent and safe sovereignty management of data, among data pseudonymization techniques for blockchain use, various methods for data encryption processing are examined. The public key technique (homomorphic encryption) has high flexibility and security because different algorithms are applied to the entire sentence for encryption and decryption. As a result, the computational efficiency decreases. The hash function method (MD5) can maintain flexibility and is higher than the security-related two-way encryption method, but there is a threat of collision. Zero-knowledge proof is based on public key encryption based on a mutual proof method, and complex formulas are applied to processes such as personal identification, key distribution, and digital signature. It requires consensus and verification process, so the operation efficiency is lowered to the level of O (logeN) ~ O(N2). In this paper, data encryption processing for blockchain DID, based on zero-knowledge proof, was proposed and a one-way encryption method considering data use range and frequency of use was proposed. Based on the content presented in the thesis, it is possible to process corrected zero-knowledge proof and to process data efficiently.
During the past few years, blockchain technologies have attracted substantial attention from researchers, engineers, and enterprises. These technologies provide decentralized platforms to validate different types of transactions without relying on a central authority. Since the advent of the popular Bitcoin network [2], [3], various types of protocols, among them DAG-based distributed ledgers, have been offered to improve the Bitcoin networks shortcomings in the areas of scalability, throughput, and security. Researchers have also been motivated to study blockchain-based applications across multiple domains with novel designs and capabilities [4]. However, when used in such capacities, failures of blockchain networks (BNs) imply catastrophes that extend beyond individuals, organizations, and countries [5]. In light of such mission criticality, the vision of turning BNs into decentralized transaction processing systems that can sustainably and securely compete with the centralized state of the art poses substantial methodological challenges for researchers [5]. Before considered for wide adoption, BN protocols and technologies must be assessed with different analytical and empirical methodologies. In this research, a novel DAG-based distributed ledger, the Tangle, has been studied and several of its features have been investigated through simulation analysis. Contributions of this research are two-fold. First, a Tangle simulator has been designed and implemented based on model-oriented design and development principles. Second, three important characteristics of Tangle networks including scalability, throughput, and their security against double-spending attacks have been investigated.
Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems
Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions
Background/Objectives: With the rapid development of Internet technology, more and more Internet users tend to store their data and information in the cloud, and the security of the existing cloud storage system has been criticized by people, which is not conducive to protecting the data and information security of users. Therefore, how to effectively guarantee the security of cloud user data becomes more and more important. Security cloud storage system is the key to solve this problem. Methods/Statistical analysis: A secure cloud storage system is implemented for the userโs cloud data security. Its main function is: in the user login phase, the strict user identity authentication method is adopted to control the userโs access rights and prevent illegal users from logging in. Firstly, the identify authentication scheme based on zero knowledge proof is proposed. Secondly, in the user data upload stage, the user data is split. Finally, the encryption algorithm based on elliptic curve is proposed to encrypt the userโs file splitting table. Findings: The experimental results show that, in the user identify authentication stage, compared with the traditional user authentication method, the security of user identify authentication can be greatly improved by using the identify authentication method based on zero-knowledge proof. Improvements/Applications: The secure cloud storage system based on ellipse encryption developed in this thesis can realize the security of user's data by encryption while considering the efficiency of data upload and download, and has a broad application prospect.
In most websites, the online rating system provides the ratings of products and services to users. Lack of trust in data integrity and its manipulation has hindered fulfilling user satisfaction. Since existing online rating systems deal with a central server, all rating data is stored on the central server. Therefore, all rating data can be removed, modified, and manipulated by the system manager to change the ratings in favor of the service or product provider. In this paper, an online rating system using distributed ledger technologies has been presented as the proposed system to solve all the weaknesses of current systems. Distributed ledger technologies are completely decentralized and there is no centralization on them by any institution. Distributed ledger technologies have different variants. Among distributed ledger technologies, blockchain technology has been used in the proposed rating system because of its support for smart contracts. In the proposed online rating system, the Ethereum platform has been chosen from different blockchain platforms that have a public permission network. In this system, the raters cannot rate unless they submit a request to the system and be authorized to take part in the online product rating process. The important feature of the Ethereum platform is its support for smart contracts, which can be used to write the rating contract in the Solidity language. Also, using Proof of Authority consensus mechanisms, all rating transactions are approved by the surveyors. Since in the real Ethereum system, each rating transaction is sent to the network by the raters, some gas must be paid for each rating transaction. However, since this method is expensive, TestNet blockchain can be used in the rating system. Finally, the proposed rating system was used for rating the restaurants of a website and its features were tested.
Jan 1, 2021ยท2021 21st ACIS International Winter Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD-Winter)
Recently, interest in the spread of the culture of sharing has been increasing at a social level due to the deepening income polarization, poverty, and the rapid growth of civil society and the importance of public interest activities of private organizations. In 2016, the National Statistical Office conducted a survey on changes in donation attitudes and recognition of donations, items that took up a large part in the area for the spread of the overall donation culture were the convenience of donation methods and the enhancement of transparency of donation organizations. The existing donation system is a way for donors to donate directly to several donor organizations. However, this method has its disadvantage: it is difficult for donors to see how their donations are spent. To address the convenience of such donation methods, based on the platform that is the core of the fourth industrial era, it enables unrestricted interaction in the network environment such as mobile or PC, inducing open participation in talent donation to the general public. Blockchain is a data forgery/modulation prevention technology based on distributed computing technology. Because the block chain records continuously changing data on all participating nodes, it is impossible to arbitrarily manipulate the data by the operators of distributed nodes. Blockchain technology is in the spotlight because it can secure transparency in transactions. In this paper, to solve these problems, we try to introduce the block chain technology into the donation system.
Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems
Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Background / Motivation . Recently, a lot of interest in health is increasing due to the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, personal medical information through intelligent selfโdiagnosis is emerging as very important. However, such personal medical information causes many problems in security and reliability. Problem / Issues . Personal medical information accidents may occur on the server, but most of all, they occur more often in information sharing and data transmission. Therefore, in this paper, blockchain technology is applied to improve the reliability of such personal information management. Research Objective / Methodology . For intelligent healthcare incorporating blockchain technology, this study utilized the blockchainโbased Internet of Things. In addition, information was accumulated using a number of measurement sensors to analyze individual ECG information. The measured biosignals were monitored for personalized diagnosis by analyzing the fused threshold. Result . In this paper, we implemented a monitoring system using measurement sensors to analyze individual biometric information. The implemented system information has improved reliability and security by incorporating blockchain technology.
In this paper, We studied the operation of distributed ledger technology used as a core technology for smart contracts and the components of distributed ledger technology. As a solution applying the entity of distributed ledger technology to NoE, we proposed the protocol of the distributed ledger technology using the thing user social group management function of NoE protocols being standardized in ISO/IEC JTC1 SC6. The management function of things user social group in NoE provides stable protocol functions and data transmission management, and provides group management functions such as member discovery function and data transmission channel management function. It is expected to be useful for member management functions of distributed ledger nodes by providing a service that apply the component of distributed ledger technology. We intend to actively reflect this technology in the future network functions of ISO/IEC JTC1 SC6, which is undergoing standardization.
Open access
Caching and Content Delivery
Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions
The demand for research data sharing and utilization increases. As digital technology develops, research data production and accumulation speed increases, and as convergence research and joint research increase worldwide, demand for sharing and utilization of research data increases. Although there is a research data platform, it is not well shared and utilized. Attempts to solve existing problems increase by incorporating blockchain into research data platforms. Blockchain has been attracting attention as a key technology of the fourth industrial revolution, and the introduction of blockchain to ensure data transparency and integrity in untacted services, which have recently been drawing attention due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas where blockchain can contribute to sharing and utilizing research data, and to present a plan to build a blockchain-based research data platform. We propose five methods for building blockchain-based research data platforms. First, operators set the purpose and scope of the demand-based research data platform. Existing research data platforms did not reflect different demands by the research field. 1) Demand discovery, 2) demand clarification and typification, and 3) selection of target research field are necessary for determining Blockchain-based research data platform purpose and scope. Incentive structures must be in place to clearly distinguish the roles of the public from the private sector in the research data platform and to allow the private sector to participate in the public research data platform. Second, considering the characteristics of blockchain, application areas should be selected first and the operating system should be prepared. There are issues related to sharing and utilizing research data that are difficult to solve with blockchain, such as difficulty in collecting research data and lack of standardized research data. The blockchain implementation area should be selected based on 1) the possibility of research data collection, 2) degree of standardization, 3) capacity, and production speed. Blockchain specialized data curation that can manage research data quality is needed. Third, the possibility of implementing blockchain technology should be considered. For sharing and utilizing research data, specific blockchain technologies or services should be identified. It can be used while protecting personal information through DID and zero-knowledge proof. Cloud-based distributed storage technology enables storing and transmitting large amounts of research data. Comparison of hash values can fundamentally prevent the falsification of research data. Smart contracts can reduce sharing costs and support an incentive system. Fourth, social acceptability should be expanded by improving perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The social acceptability of blockchain-based research data platforms is low. It is necessary to develop services that are differentiated from existing platforms and continue to develop technologies until the number of users reaches critical mass. UX/UI development is needed to increase usability. Lastly, it is necessary to come up with measures to support the development, distribution, and management of blockchain services. It is difficult for small and medium-sized companies to cover the cost of building blockchain services. Public blockchain infrastructure support services are needed so that companies or institutions can develop, distribute, and manage blockchain services. For example, China Blockchain Service Network (BSN) supports local Internet networks and cloud services so that companies or institutions can develop standardized blockchain services.
Technology and Data Analysis
Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
Increased adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in multiple domain areas continuously increases the volume of data and transactions from the IoT devices. The IoT systems are vulnerable to more attacks because of increased adoptions and technology adoptions. Protecting the data and providing security to the data and transactions is one of the critical issues for the effective quality of service (QoS) in the IoT environments. An adaptable IoT framework is proposed based on the research approach of 'ADOPT' that leverages the blockchain technology and features considering security as one of the QoS parameters. In the proposed model of a three-layer IoT architecture with an application layer, network layer, and perception layer, the blockchain features are adopted for the resource-constrained IoT environment. In the perception layer, the model uses a local and temporary memory to maintain the local chain, which is managed based on the memory size and time constraints. The application layer nodes manage the synchronization of the data from the corresponding local chain at the edge node. The implementation of the proposed model uses Ethereum, an open-source public blockchain, and using mobile devices as an edge node. The results are verified for security factors like access, authorizations, confidentiality, and computing resources.
This study investigated the application of a blockchain for promoting the sustainable development of non-profit organizations (NPOs). Transparency and good governance are important for operating NPOs in addition to building trust with relevant stakeholders. NPOs consume a large amount of resources (including funds) to monitor their operations and present their transparency and soundness of governance to interested stakeholders. Blockchain technology can fulfill an NPOโs requirements at a lower cost and with a higher efficiency. We reviewed the existing research on NPO governance and blockchain applications. In addition, through case studies, we identified sustainable development strategies for NPOs involving blockchain technologies to increase donation, reduce cost, enhance transparency, and improve governance structure.
Open access
Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies