The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era presents new challenges for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection, especially within the fast-evolving technology industry. Indonesia has enacted various regulations to safeguard IPR, such as the Copyright, Patent, and Trademark Laws. However, implementation within the technology sector faces significant challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for IPR in the technology industry, identify existing challenges, and provide recommendations to strengthen IPR protection in Indonesia. The research employs normative legal methods with a juridical normative approach, where data is collected through a literature review of legislation, related documents, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that while IPR regulations are in place, law enforcement remains weak due to limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and the complexity of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which are not yet accommodated by current regulations. Recommendations include strengthening regulations relevant to technological advancements, increasing public awareness of IPR importance, and leveraging digital technology to monitor IPR infringements. Effective IPR protection is expected to foster a conducive environment for innovation within Indonesia's technology industry.
Abstract The emergence of digital assets such as cryptocurrencies, e-wallets, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has significantly impacted societal transactions and interactions. However, the inheritance of these digital assets poses challenges due to the lack of clear regulations in both positive and Islamic law. This study employs a normative juridical approach with a comparative law method to analyze the provisions of positive law in Indonesia and the principles of Islamic law related to the inheritance of digital assets. The study aims to identify gaps between the two legal systems and provide recommendations for regulatory harmonization. The findings reveal that positive law in Indonesia does not explicitly regulate digital assets in the context of inheritance, leading to uncertainty and potential disputes among heirs. Islamic law also lacks clear provisions regarding digital assets, making it difficult to apply inheritance principles based on sharia. The study highlights the urgent need to harmonize positive and Islamic law to accommodate the unique characteristics of digital assets and ensure fair and transparent distribution among heirs. Collaboration between policymakers, academics, and the public is essential to develop regulations that address the needs and characteristics of digital assets in the context of inheritance law. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both legal systems to overcome challenges in digital asset inheritance and create a more just and effective legal framework for all parties involved. Keywords: Digital assets, Legacy, Regulation, E-wallet, Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Abstrak Kemunculan aset digital seperti mata uang kripto, dompet elektronik, dan token yang tidak dapat dipertukarkan (NFT) telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap transaksi dan interaksi masyarakat. Namun, pewarisan aset digital ini menimbulkan tantangan karena kurangnya peraturan yang jelas baik dalam hukum positif maupun hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode perbandingan hukum untuk menganalisis ketentuan hukum positif di Indonesia dan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam terkait pewarisan aset digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara kedua sistem hukum tersebut dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk harmonisasi peraturan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hukum positif di Indonesia tidak secara eksplisit mengatur aset digital dalam konteks pewarisan, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian dan potensi perselisihan di antara para ahli waris. Hukum Islam juga tidak memiliki ketentuan yang jelas mengenai aset digital, sehingga menyulitkan penerapan prinsip-prinsip waris berdasarkan syariah. Studi ini menyoroti kebutuhan mendesak untuk menyelaraskan hukum positif dan hukum Islam untuk mengakomodasi karakteristik unik aset digital dan memastikan distribusi yang adil dan transparan di antara para ahli waris. Kolaborasi antara pembuat kebijakan, akademisi, dan masyarakat sangat penting untuk mengembangkan peraturan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik aset digital dalam konteks hukum waris. Studi ini diakhiri dengan menekankan pentingnya memahami kedua sistem hukum untuk mengatasi tantangan dalam pewarisan aset digital dan menciptakan kerangka hukum yang lebih adil dan efektif bagi semua pihak yang terlibat. Kata kunci: Aset digital, Warisan, Regulasi, E-wallet, Non-Fungible Token (NFT)
Rahmat Mustaqim Adi Nugroho, Nanang Sudarsono, Achyar Rosandi, Zaki Akbar
The goals of these brief are to identifies and analyze how the role of Act in backups Rupiah strength against the exchange of decentralize finance block-chain based cryptocurrency (known as Bitcoin or BTC) whereas does not requires swift-code alike printed or FIAT as a early detection of state to print collateral or guarantee on foreign exchange rate. Within act or preparation of ratification upcoming act, remembered by the 13th August 2025 Rupiah exchange has weakened since last 5 year along +/- 3.000 Rupiah per-$ USD numbered 16.164 Rupiah against 1$ USD became the basis of Act to be frontier guardian to prevent valuation of inflation and empowered Rupiah in global market exchange. Otherwise thus valuation were countered back by BTC on every-world currencies since 2016 itself has gained the upscale as much as 32.018,52% the number that should concerned and potentially capable to brought a nation into failure if it is not restricted immediately by the Gration or Acts that defend a currency rate in every state.
Blockchain, as a supporting technology for the industrial revolution 4.0, has excellent potential to change many areas of private legal transactions, including as the technological basis of smart contracts. The application of blockchain technology has its own legal aspects, risks, legal issues and challenges to provide regulatory policies to optimize the technology's potential and simultaneously mitigate risks. This research aims, firstly, to discover the legal aspects that should be considered in blockchain technology and, secondly, the legal issues of implementing blockchain technology, especially those related to finance, jurisdiction, and cyber-attacks. The research method to be used is normative legal research. The research results obtained are, first, the aspect of the existence of the law itself, which is related to binary code through hash algorithms. Second, the legal issues of implementing blockchain in the financial sector are scalability, data privacy, data interoperability, and governance; related to jurisdiction related to the ability of blockchain to cross jurisdictional boundaries because nodes on the blockchain can transmit anywhere, in this world; related to cyber-attacks, namely brute force attacks on specific nodes which result in the dissemination of inaccurate information. Legal assistance and existence in technology (in this case, blockchain) are needed so that everything continues according to the rules to prevent more significant problems from arising.
Happy Budyana Sari, Emmy Febriani Thalib, Ni Putu Suci Meinarni
The urgency of this research lies in the growing significance of smart contracts within the blockchain technology landscape, particularly in Indonesia. Smart contracts offer the potential for automation and trustworthy business processes, with demonstrated applications in sectors such as electric power, higher education, e-commerce, and more. However, alongside their success and potential, challenges have emerged regarding financial regulations, taxation, and consumer protection. This study aims to explore the use and challenges of smart contracts in the context of Indonesian law. It seeks to identify the existing regulatory frameworks, assess the legal implications of smart contract usage, and propose solutions to ensure compliance with financial, tax, and consumer protection regulations in Indonesia. By gaining a better understanding of regulatory requirements and potential challenges, this research aspires to contribute to the development of a more efficient, automated, and secure blockchain ecosystem in Indonesia. The research method used is a literature review, encompassing the collection, selection, evaluation, analysis, and synthesis of relevant literature from various academic and practical sources. The expected outcome of this study is a deeper understanding of blockchain usage for data security within the legal context of Indonesia, along with practical guidance and recommendations for policymakers, legal practitioners, and stakeholders in developing effective regulations for data protection in the increasingly complex digital era.he abstract should be written in one paragraph and should be not more than 250 words. Arial, font size 10, single spacing. Follow the following pattern: General statement about the importance of the topic, gap in literature or discrepancies between theories and practices, purpose of study, method, main findings, and result.
Robby Nugroho Setiawan, Anwar Hidayat, Muhamad Abas
This research investigates the implementation of smart contracts in the Indonesian property sector, examining the legal opportunities and challenges involved. Blockchain technology offers high transparency, efficiency, and security in property transactions, but faces regulatory and infrastructural hurdles. The aim of this research is to explore the related legal dynamics, identify socio-economic impacts, and offer sustainable solutions. The research method employed is a qualitative legal approach to gather and analyze data. The findings indicate that although blockchain can expedite transaction processes and enhance transparency, the legal validity of smart contracts and consumer protection remain major issues. Regulatory updates and increased awareness of data security are necessary to optimize the adoption of this technology in Indonesia.Keywords: Blockchain., Property law., Regulation., Smart contracts., Transparency
Digitalization has significantly changed the way contracts are executed, especially with the emergence of smart contracts. The positive impact of digitalization on contract law cannot be denied, however, there are also challenges and controversies that need to be addressed wisely. Qualitative research methods will be the main approach in exploring the impact of digitalization on contract law in smart contract analysis. By utilizing observations and document analysis, this research will explore an in-depth understanding of the implementation of smart contracts in the context of contract law. The practical implication is the need to update contract law regulations that accommodate technological developments, while the theoretical implication is the need for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of smart contracts and their impact on traditional contract. the need to update contract law regulations to accommodate technological developments, especially in the use of smart contracts. Meanwhile, the theoretical implication is the importance of a deep understanding of the characteristics of smart contracts and their impact on traditional contracts in order to minimize potential legal conflicts. Keywords: Digitalization, Contract Law, Agreements, Smart Contracts
This study aims to analyze cryptocurrency investment models in relation to the prevention of money laundering (Anti-Money Laundering/AML) activities. Cryptocurrency, as a growing form of digital investment, has garnered attention from regulators due to its potential money laundering risks. This paper explores preventive strategies that can be implemented within cryptocurrency investment systems, including the use of blockchain technology, KYC (Know Your Customer) procedures, and international regulations such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) guidelines. Through a qualitative method based on literature review and policy analysis, the study identifies investment models that can minimize money laundering risks while maintaining profitability for investors. These findings provide insights into the challenges and solutions in developing a safer cryptocurrency investment system that complies with AML regulations.
One of the most widely adopted forms of information technology application today is electronic trade through the internet network to make transactions. This transaction system was initially centralized, but with the risk of system failure and hacking, distributed systems such as blockchain were developed to improve security and efficiency. Blockchain also gave birth to derivative technologies such as smart contracts, automated blockchain-based digital agreements. Despite offering many advantages, the anonymity and decentralization of smart contracts raise concerns of misuse for illicit activities such as money laundering. Therefore, regulatory updates in Indonesia are needed to regulate the validity of smart contracts and money laundering actions through this technology. This article analyses the validity and regulation of smart contracts and efforts to implement the AML system in blockchain-based transactions in Indonesia.
Claudia Ovaliani Putri, Jacob Williams, Luna Anastasya, Dyah Juliastuti
The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era has prompted many companies to develop their businesses in line with current trends, one of which is by applying blockchain technology to smart contracts. This technology is a derivative of Cryptocurrency, which has become a trend in asset trading. The blockchain system in Cryptocurrency enables smart contracts to be designed to operate autonomously through blockchain technology using programming languages translated into legal language. This study aims to analyze the legality of using blockchain technology for smart contracts as legal products in the digital era and to assess the effectiveness of blockchain technology on smart contracts in business agreements between companies in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method, focusing on the prevailing legal regulations related to the legality and effectiveness of using blockchain technology in smart contracts. The study concludes that the potential of blockchain for smart con- tracts is significant, given its efficiency and practicality, which can also reduce transaction costs. However, its implementation still needs to adapt to existing technologies, be easily accepted by society, and have stronger legal guarantees in its application.
Rumi Suwardiyati, Hanif Nur Widhiyanti, Setiawan Wicaksono
Smart contracts in blockchain systems are widely used as automated agreements that can expedite the execution of a contract. Based on the characteristics of smart contracts analyzed through agreements in the Indonesian Civil Code (BW), it can be concluded that smart contracts can be legally used in contractual legal activities in Indonesia. This is because smart contracts meet the requirements outlined in the BW as guidelines for contract formation, particularly concerning the validity of contracts. Using a normative method, which employs literature as legal material for this writing, the result shows that the validity of smart contracts in blockchain, based on Indonesian contract law, aligns with the contract law that fulfills the requirements of Article 1320 BW. Smart contracts can also be classified as standard agreements where the parties agree based on an existing and mutually agreed-upon contract. Until now, there are no specific regulations regarding smart contracts in Indonesia, even though smart contracts are already widely used in the country.
Ardhian Dwiyoenanto, Adi Sulistiyono, Hartiwiningsih Hartiwiningsih
The advance of Information Technology is closely related to and has a direct impact on the development of people’s lives. One of the real technological advancements that plays a major role in creating evolution in the community life order is Internet progress. As time passes, the internet world continues to experience rapid development, such as Metaverse, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and Cryptocurrency. Meanwhile, the change of regulations and legal products that are not as fast as the advance of the internet and the business world raises their abuse potential as means of Money Laundering Crime. The research method used was normative juridical with analytical descriptive research specifications. Metaverse, NFTs, and Cryptocurrency are relatively new phenomena in this globalization era. The lack of regulation and the high volatility of price characteristics that are strongly influenced by public interest make them potential as means to hide or disguise the origin of assets from criminal acts. So, this research was conducted to analyse the potential use of Metaverse and Non-Fungible Tokens as means of money laundering.
Decentralized technologies such as blockchain facilitate secure and anonymous transactions, heralding a new era of financial innovation. However, the advent of cryptocurrencies has also posed significant challenges, especially in the realm of preventing money laundering practices. In Indonesia, individuals have exploited these systems for illicit money laundering from fraudulent schemes. Therefore, this study aimed to critically analyze the effectiveness of current regulatory frameworks and propose improved approaches to mitigate money laundering risks associated with cryptocurrency. Indonesia expects to shift its legal perspective due to the substantial threats posed by attempting to regulate a volatile financial system. This study employed normative legal research methods. The findings suggest that recognizing cryptocurrency as a legal tender could advance the agenda of addressing money laundering as a critical threat to financial stability and national security. This would significantly enhance the regulatory framework and ensure the financial system's integrity amidst evolving threats.
Perkembangan Smart Contract dalam hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan stabilitas hukum di Indonesia, dimana metode untuk mengeksekusi kontrak telah menjadi semakin canggih. Dengan pertumbuhan yang pesat dari perkembangan teknologi yang menggunakan Smart Contract dan urgensi sejauh mana hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia saat ini dapat mendukung perkembangannya, muncul pertanyaan bagaimana Smart Contract bekerja? Kapan kehendak itu terjadi dalam Smart Contract? Dan, bagaimana terpenuhinya asas konsensualisme pada Smart Contract ditinjau dari perspektif Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata? Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, Smart Contract bekerja dengan cara dijalankan tanpa adanya pihak ketiga dan tertulis di atas Blockchain. Kedua, terdapat kehendak di dalam Smart Contract, dimana kedua belah pihak yang bermaksud mengikatkan diri dalam Smart Contract mengirimkan enskripsi kriptografi mereka untuk saling berkomitmen di dalam Smart Contract, sebagai bukti bahwa keduanya telah sama-sama sepakat. Ketiga, asas konsensualisme pada Smart Contract ditinjau dari perspektif Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata menunjukkan bahwa kesepakatan menjadi fondasi yang esensial untuk keabsahan suatu perjanjian, memastikan bahwa setiap pihak yang terlibat telah sepakat dengan ketentuan yang ada.
NFTs, or Non-Fungible Tokens, are digital assets referring to objects, such as art, music, in-game items, videos, and any other type of work represented in digital form. Two-dimensional artworks, including paintings, drawings, and sculptures, gain legal protection as copyrighted works. The use of NFTs is identified as a potential tool in preventing copyright infringement, verifying authenticity, and providing legal certainty for owners and buyers of digital artworks. This research aims to identify the regulation and protection of copyright for two-dimensional artworks in the context of the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) under Law No. 28/2014 on Copyright (UUHC). Through normative research with a statutory approach, this research aims to examine the regulation of copyright infringement of two-dimensional artworks embodied in NFTs and comprehend the legal aspects related to their infringement. The research findings indicate that, although NFTs offer a mechanism to strengthen proof of ownership and authenticity, there remains a lack of effective legal and policy frameworks to protect copyright and support the growth of the digital art industry. The findings underscore the importance of concerted efforts in strengthening copyright protection in the digital age and raising public awareness on the significance of respecting and abiding by copyrighted artworks.
Wahyudi Warianto, Florianus Yudhi Priyo Amboro, Lu Sudirman
Smart Contracts offer significant potential for contractual processes in Indonesia, much like their utilization in the United States under the prevailing regulations of both countries, including the Electronic Information and Transactions Law Number 11 of 2008, the Civil Code, the Uniform Electronic Transaction Act, the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the Blockchain Technology Act, as well as Arizona House Bill 2417 and Nevada Senate Bill No. 398. This study aims to pragmatically analyze the legal perspective regarding the legal capacity to facilitate the use of Smart Contracts as a form of blockchain technology, using the legal framework of the United States as a comparative basis. The research employs a comparative legal research method with a legislative approach. The analysis reveals the inadequacy of the legal framework in Indonesia, despite recent revisions, which still exhibit numerous shortcomings in facilitating the utilization of Smart Contracts. Suggestions for regulatory aspects are proposed to support comprehensive legal development, as an effort to adapt to the evolving times. Smart Contract menawarkan potensi pemanfaatan yang baik dalam proses berkontrak di Indonesia, sebagaimana yang telah mulai dimanfaatkan di Amerika Serikat melalui peraturan perundag-undangan yang berlaku di kedua belah negara, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Uniform Electronic Transaction Act, Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, Blockchain Technology Act, dan Arizona House Bill 2417, Nevada Senate Bill No. 398. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara pragmatisme dalam perspektif hukum perihal kecakapan hukum untuk memfasilitasi pemanfaatan Smart Contract sebagai bentuk teknologi blockchain, dengan menggunakan kerangka hukum Amerika Serikat sebagai bahan komparasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian komparatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Analisis menemukan adanya ketidakcakapan kerangka hukum di Indonesia, meskipun telah didukung dengan revisi pengaturan terbaru, yang nyatanya masih memiliki banyak kekurangan dalam kecakapan untuk memfasilitasi pemanfaatan Smart Contract. Usulan aspek pengaturan diusulkan oleh pengaturan ini untuk mendukung perkembangan hukum yang komprehensif, sebagai upaya beradaptasi terhadap perkembangan zaman
The newly emerged method of Money Laundering (ML) is to purchase cryptocurrency. The anonymity of cryptocurrency makes it difficult to identify perpetrators for the purpose of asset confiscation. Unfortunately, Indonesia does not have the law on asset confiscation. This research analyses the legislation on asset confiscation in case of ML through cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia and the extent of the Asset Confiscation Bill in covering asset confiscation from ML through cryptocurrency transactions. This doctrinal legal research uses both statutory and conceptual approaches to address the proposed legal issues. The results of this study indicate that the regulation of asset confiscation in the Money Laundering Act in Indonesia still places the criminal confiscation to certain goods as an additional punishment that must be imposed along with the primary punishment, making it difficult to reach the asset confiscationof ML through cryptocurrency transactions. Furthermore, the concept of following the money in the Asset Confiscation Bill reaches the nominee mode. Asset confiscation is carried out without criminal conviction by proving that the assets were indeed derived from criminal proceedings, which is sufficient for submitting an application for asset confiscation. The Bill does not address the problem when the arrangement uses the DEX model as the issue lies in the technical execution. Hence, specific regulations and procedural law are needed to confiscate assets that have been laundered through cryptocurrency transactions as well as to synergise the dynamics between the law enforcement and the suspect in order to successfully confiscate the said assets.Keywords: Asset Forfeiture, Cryptocurrency, Legislation, Money Laundering. AbstrakMetode baru Pencucian Uang (ML) adalah membeli cryptocurrency. Anonimitas cryptocurrency membuat sulit untuk mengidentifikasi pelaku penyitaan aset. Sayangnya, Indonesia tidak memiliki undang-undang penyitaan aset. Penelitian ini menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan penyitaan aset ML melalui cryptocurrency di Indonesia dan sejauh mana RUU Perampasan Aset dalam mencakup penyitaan aset dari ML melalui cryptocurrency. Penelitian hukum doktrinal ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum dan konseptual untuk mengatasi masalah hukum yang diusulkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan penyitaan aset dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia masih menempatkan penyitaan pidana terhadap barang-barang tertentu sebagai hukuman tambahan yang harus dijatuhkan bersamaan dengan hukuman utama, sehingga sulit untuk mencapai penyitaan aset ML melalui Cryptocurrency. Selanjutnya, konsep follow the money dalam RUU Perampasan Aset mencapai mode nominee. Penyitaan harta dilakukan tanpa pemidanaan pidana dengan membuktikan bahwa harta kekayaan tersebut berasal dari hasil tindak pidana, yang cukup untuk mengajukan permohonan penyitaan harta benda. Bill tidak menjawab masalah ketika penempatan menggunakan model DEX karena masalahnya ada pada eksekusi teknis. Oleh karena itu, peraturan khusus dan hukum acara diperlukan untuk menyita aset yang dicuci uang melalui cryptocurrency.Kata kunci: Perampasan Aset, Cryptocurrency, Legislasi, Pencucian Uang.
Matthew Edbert, Yoan Nursari Simanjuntak, Bebeto Ardyo
Perkembangan dan inovasi teknologi berpengaruh secara besar terhadap kehidupan masyarakat saat ini, termasuk dalam ranah industri kreatif. Dampak ini terlihat dengan adanya teknologi blockchain dan Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sebagai sarana untuk mendesentralisasi industri tersebut. Perkembangan ini juga menimbulkan risiko tersendiri, dimana karya cipta dapat disalahgunakan oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak berwenang melalui penciptaan dan transaksi NFT dalam sistem blockchain, sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya kerugian bagi pencipta, baik secara materiil, maupun secara imateriil. Risiko inilah yang menjadi alasan diperlukannya pengkajian terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi hak pencipta dalam proses penciptaan dan transaksi NFT, baik berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, maupun ketentuan-ketentuan lain yang berlaku dalam proses tersebut agar dapat diketahui secara jelas perlindungan-perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pencipta dalam pelaksanaan proses tersebut, serta dapat memajukan industri kreatif di Indonesia.
Joel Jordan Tobing, Ampuan Situmeang, Hari Sutra Disemadi
The development of technology and digital transformation has led to the growth of industries such as the creative business industry. One of its impacts is the emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFTs are digital assets in the form of tokens representing ownership of a digital artwork. In Indonesia, NFTs currently lack specific legislative regulations, and there is no explicit and clear regulatory framework regarding the protection of NFTs in terms of their intellectual property aspects. Therefore, this study examines the development of NFTs in Indonesia, along with the legal position and protection of NFTs based on intellectual property law in Indonesia. In this research, the author employs a normative juridical research method with a legislative approach. Based on the research findings, it is evident that the development of NFTs, both globally and nationally, is quite significant. The public is increasingly becoming acquainted with NFTs, which have substantial prospects and are associated with many high-commercial-value works. Regarding NFTs as creative works, the regulation that accommodates the protection of intellectual property for NFTs in Indonesia is Law No. 28/2014. It is known that NFTs can take the form of images, paintings, videos, and music, which are considered parts of creations protected by copyright.
Land Administration is crucial for effective governance.However, in many developing countries, including Indonesia, traditional land administration systems often suffer from inefficiencies, corruption, and lack of transparency, leading to disputes and conflicting claims over land ownership.Blockchain technology has offered a promising solution to address the challenges by providing a decentralized, immutable, and transparent recording of land information.Provides encryption cryptography and descriptions to validate data.This research paper explores the implementation of an Ethereum-based private blockchain to build a land administration system DaPPS where users can sell and buy land certificates in Indonesia.A prototype land administration system was built with Ethereum and land certificates as NFT was built.This study focuses on adopting blockchain to help in the land registration system.Transaction performance testing is conducted, it shows between 6-15 seconds.While promising, more research is needed to address scalability and integration with legacy systems.
Tuhana Tuhana, Dona Budi Kharisma, Nabilah Khoirunnisa
The purpose of this legal research is to find out the legal problems in protecting the copyrights of creators of works of art on Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) and to find out the forms of legal protection for creators’ copyrights of works of art on NFT. The type of research is normative legal research. The approaches used are statute approaches, conceptual approaches, and comparative approaches. The legal materials used are all regulations regarding copyright that exist in Indonesia and The United States of America (USA). NFT is a copyright protection solution for creators of works of art in the digital era. Indonesia does not yet have a digital copyright act while the USA has a digital copyright act called the Digital Millennium Copyrights Act (DMCA) which is able to protect the copyrights of art creators in NFT. In Indonesia, it has not yet been regulated regarding the prohibition of the importation of anti-circumvention devices, which has been handled in Chapter 1201 of the DMCA. Then there is also no regulation regarding the deletion of NFT content, which indicates violations in Indonesia, which has been regulated in USA.
Razaq Mustika Djati, Tjokorda Istri Diah Widyantari Pradnya Dewi
This research is normative research using a statutory regulation approach, a concept approach, and a comparative approach. The law used consists of primary legal materials, namely regulations and international agreements and publications of international organizations, as well as secondary legal materials obtained from relevant books, journals, literature, documents, and archives through library research. The results of this research show that, (1) due to the absence of official regulations that prohibit cryptocurrency transactions and coupled with several regulations regarding international electronic transactions that can also be applied to these transactions, this transaction is permitted to be carried out as long as the country where the transaction is carried out allows it or holds bilateral agreements with other countries regarding this regulation. (2) Cryptocurrency transactions give rise to various legal problems, especially legal threats in international trade law; these legal threats are more accurately described as disclosures of laws or statutory regulations. There are several multilateral efforts by countries to establish arrangements or regulations for the use of currency. crypto money Because there are things that are not regulated or do not fall within the scope of applicable regulations, countries are required to make their own decisions. There are countries that refuse, and there are also those that make special rules for this transaction.
Ghassan Adhab Atiyah, Nazura Abdul Manap, Ahmed Ismael Ibrahim, Abdur Rahman
Blockchain smart contracts is a digital program based on the blockchain design that accommodates certain data stored in their internal logic. The decentralized nature of this technology prevents unauthorized access. This technology require the use of cryptocurrencies to be effectively utilized as a medium of exchange. While cryptocurrencies have received wide recognition as an improvement to modern business transactions. However, in the Muslim communities, Muslim scholars have divergent views on the permissibility and prohibition of cryptocurrencies on certain grounds. Islamic law is characterized by outstanding flexibility that enables it to keep pace with the development of time and place, and gives it the validity to interact to address emerging issues that stand in people's way. This study aims to examine blockhain smart contracts, how they work, the religious ruling surrounding its permissibility. As well as the consensus of Muslim Scholars on its usage by Muslim communities. The study adopts qualitative doctrinal, library based or normative judicial research to analyze blockchain smart contracts and their suitability and compatibility with Islamic law. By examining the law from the perspective of social reality, the researchers qualitatively analyzed the concept of Smart contracts within the boundaries of law and its application under Islamic law. Delving into deductive reasoning and conclusions based on consensus of scholars. This study found that blockchain smart contracts falls within the permissibility principle, The Maliki school sale on credit and negotiations under the ijtihadi perspective. This research suggests the need for further study to shed light on this new type of contract to support its acceptability among Muslim communities.
Penelitian ini menyelidiki perlindungan hukum bagi investor dalam konteks investasi cryptocurrency di Indonesia, sebuah sektor investasi yang semakin diminati namun belum diatur secara khusus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah pendekatan penelitian hukum atau yang dikenal sebagai penelitian hukum doktrinal. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis terhadap kerangka regulasi, termasuk peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh otoritas keuangan dan badan pengawas di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengevaluasi hambatan dan tantangan dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum yang memadai bagi investor cryptocurrency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun beberapa langkah telah diambil untuk mengatur pasar cryptocurrency di Indonesia, masih terdapat kekosongan dalam perlindungan hukum bagi investor. Regulasi yang terbatas dan ketidakpastian hukum dapat meningkatkan risiko investasi bagi pemegang aset digital. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan perlindungan hukum investor, termasuk pembaruan regulasi, peningkatan transparansi, dan pendidikan investor mengenai risiko cryptocurrency.