Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Md. Akhtaruzzaman, S. Rayhan Kabir, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu · 9 authors
The price gouging or price hike is a worldwide issue, and it is related to inflation. Because of rising prices, people in various countries cannot afford nutritious food or proper treatment. Sometimes shops, restaurants, and transportation service providers charge more than the prescribed product price from buyers. In addition, unauthorized VAT or Tax is taken on products that the government exempts. Another reason for price hikes is bribery, and it occurs in transporting and delivering goods. This article introduces a blockchain-based Internet of Things model to monitor product price hikes and corruption from the Industry 4.0 and blockchain 5.0 point of view. Industries produce and package different products. Wholesalers and retailers purchase products from industrial companies. The primary goal of this article is to propose a blockchain mechanism for monitoring price hikes and corruption where the government can monitor buying and selling between buyers and industrial companies. Here, we have established blockchain-integrated remote database model where blockchain relates to a relational database management system that uses remote database access protocol and Cloud server. This article presents the brief evolution of blockchain and industry generations. Finally, this article provides a next generation blockchain model. An intelligent government connected with Industry 4.0 monitors price hikes and corruption.
Manzar Ahmed, Abid Mohummad Khan, Mishaal Ahmed, Muhammad Javeed · 9 authors
In future all Energy resources will be control through the internet (IoT) both home and commercial systems. For home power system, user can installed solar or wind energy system from 1 KW to 10 MW, depend on the area and location. These Energy resources will be control by Microgrid, the microgrid can work in two mode such as stand-alone system or with grid-connected mode. To control losses and trading the energy in microgrid network. The blockchain technology is suitable for microgrid because it has potential to resolve all issues such as energy theft case or billing fraud. The blockchain is distributed ledger technology and it has the potential to improve efficiencies by updating the status of the system. Microgrid combination with blockchain provide complete solution to all previous issues, which were present in conational energy system. In this research work, the Microgrid model with blockchain technology will be analyze for the energy sector to address the issues of the present problems, such as low efficiency, market competition, improve contract system for selling energy and theft case on basis of trusted and secure transaction platform without third party.
Nageswara Rao Atyam, Ramesh Babu P, P. Ponmurugan, L. Sahaya Senthamil · 6 authors
In recent era, the supply chain management is becoming a complex valued network that offers a major competitive advantage over logistics and supply chain management. Despite its advantages, the complexity is becoming a challenge that should provide verification of sources, maintaining product visibility and monitoring while moving via supply chains. The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) can support all these movements that tends to track and monitor the activities of the products moving in the chain network. Such optimization enables the operations to get optimized that includes manufacturing, warehousing and transportation. In addition, the transparency of the supply chains can be maintained via blockchain and when combined with IoT, it increases the effectiveness and efficacy of the supply chain
Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology to interconnect the physical things for providing the best services in hands. IoT has different applications in many areas viz., Smart Health, Smart Transportation, and Smart Cities. Healthcare IoT is an information system to provide quick health services to patients. In medical service applications, IoT facilitates correspondence among specialists and remote patients who are equipped with wearable sensors. Patients' data is critical and any security violation to such data may lead to severe problems. Some existing healthcare frameworks may prompt infringement on the security of the patients. Therefore, security must be implemented carefully in such systems. Blockchain is one of the secure techniques and has been applied to most IoT systems. Scarcely, the significant purposes behind using the Blockchain in medical care frameworks are its conspicuous provisions, i.e., Decentralization, Immutability, Transparency, Security, and Privacy. In this paper, we proposed a blockchain-based healthcare IoT system for the security of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). In this methodology, the health data of the patients are encrypted and stored at the hospital servers and related hash values are stored in the blockchain. Our primary intention is to give an appropriate, secure, and approved admittance to this critical clinical data of the patients using the Ethereum blockchain. This Ethereum based architecture provides an adaptable and secure framework for a smart healthcare system and outperforms the existing methods.
Gokul Kannan, Manjula Pattnaik, G. Karthikeyan, E. Balamurugan · 6 authors
Modern supply chain management relies heavily on crop processing technologies and blockchain technology. However, the majority of crop processing technology fails due to a lack of available supply chain management technologies. A supply chain management system based on crop processing is developed in this research. Digital ledger technology (blockchain) takes care of supply chains and deep learning image processing (crop processing). To process the harvested crops, the study makes use of machine learning techniques. Blockchain supply chain management technology is then used to deliver the processed crops to the shops. Consequently, the research permits the accurate and transparent distribution of crops to users in an optimal and secure manner. The full hybrid model is tested in a simulation to see if it can improve agricultural production and supply chain management. This new strategy improves agricultural processing rates, and when combined with the blockchain distributed ledger technology, this results in optimal crop management for the required users.
Ahmed G. Gad, Diana T. Mosa, Laith Abualigah, Amr A. Abohany
At present times, Blockchain technology is gaining more attraction with every passing day, as it has revolutionized the traditional trade due to its distributed ledger feature, every record in this ledger is secured by rules of cryptography which makes it more secure and tamper-free. This naturally led to the emergence of various types of cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, which builds on a technology commonly known as Blockchain. The rapid evolution of research on Blockchain calls for more research studies for investigating and analyzing the current knowledge in this field through a systematic technical study that shows the impact and significance of the related literature since the inception of the technology in 2013. From this point, in this paper, a state-of-the-art review is conducted on the most influential articles, conference papers, and review papers related to Blockchain published from 2013 to 2020 and indexed by the Web of Science Core CollectionTM (WoS) world’s literature database. To attain the desired objective, after presenting an inevitable, brief overview of Blockchain technology, the collected papers have closely been analyzed along seven key research questions. Subsequently, vital valuable findings, such as the top 10 influential papers, yearly publications and citation trends, the favorite publication venues, the hottest research areas, and the most supportive funding bodies are reported, which may offer several implications about the status quo and emerging trends and frontiers of Blockchain, to guide towards establishing a baseline for both fresh and experienced researchers and practitioners before initiating a future research project on Blockchain. Furthermore, a rigorous discussion is provided on Blockchain application in diversified domains, along with different versatile use cases. Lastly, a brief insight is presented into open challenges and potential future advancements in the field of Blockchain. Summing up, this paper is meant to assist newbies in exploring and designing new Blockchain solutions, bearing in mind existing demands and challenges.
Abstract Medical internet of things (IoT) includes various devices, sensor, machines, equipment which exchange data over wide network. Industry 5.0 and 5G technology have ramped mIoT data and cost‐effective sensors. There is sudden upsurge in the medical IoT for enhancing the medical care. Integration of cloud server for data storage and cloud computing has led to the emergence of time and cost‐effective management of medical resources and improved patient lifestyle. However, cloud data is always at risk of data leak and malicious attack by unwanted users for their personal gains and agenda. With the increase of data exchange in the medical field, there is an urgency of keeping all the transaction safe and secure. There is a growing malicious data attacks and vulnerability. Therefore, to overcome such situations, the proposed model is a step towards sustainable technology. Keeping the focus on cost effective data security, the present work has developed a framework of modified Lamport Merkle Digital Signature method for signature generation and verification. It makes use of central healthcare controller (CHC) which determine the root of generated signature along with verification and authentication. For verification, the validation hash public key with generate key is required to validate the signature. This led to the efficient, cost effective and faster security when compared to the existing methods.
Blockchain technology is a highly regarded technology that possesses a plethora of exciting features. This paper analyzes trends and highlights the potential benefits of blockchain deployment in IoT and healthcare. According to the literature, blockchain technology is mostly utilized for data management operations in healthcare and IoT, specifically to improve data security, which includes data integrity, access control, and privacy preservation. In both areas, six distinct types of data security preservation strategies are applied. Additionally, publications highlight how blockchain and IoT, including health IoT, can be used in an integrative way. Three integration mechanisms were seen to accomplish this goal. These solutions range from fully integrating blockchain into data exchanges between IoT devices to using it solely for metadata storage. The most frequently covered area of IoT is a smart city, where blockchain is utilized to improve real-time data sharing, and electricity trading, and so on. Additionally, it is learned that, despite the numerous benefits of blockchain in healthcare, authors typically use it for drug supply chain management and data management purposes in order to avoid counterfeiting and empower patients with regard to their data, respectively.
Blockchain appears to be the way of the future in today’s technological age. Blockchain technology has recently proven itself worthy of praise by facilitating cryptocurrency financial transactions. Despite being widely researched, there have recently been growing worries about the privacy and security of patient data because of the use of a centralized system to handle patient data. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants the subject the right to know where and how his or her personal data is stored, as well as who is privy to it and to what extent. Blockchain has been shown in numerous studies to be capable of supporting the safe and secure recording of patient data in the health-care system. This paper summarizes recent research into how blockchain technology can be successfully implemented in the healthcare field. In our assessment of such publications, we discovered that the majority of blockchain applications are limited when only briefly examined. The products are only used by a small number of people. Perhaps this is due to the fact that healthcare blockchain applications have more demanding authentication, interoperability, and record sharing requirements. However, the quality of the products is constantly improving.
Cryptocurrency is a relatively new financial sector combination of encryption and currency that is gaining popularity throughout the world. The renewable energy business is likely to be transformed by blockchain technologies. However, no study has been conducted on the use of digital currency. As a result, the focus of this study is on a number of mining potency tests, notably for dogecoin mining. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have received a lot of attention in recent years. Mining generates bitcoins as a fee for corroboratory dealings. This methodology requires a large quantity of process power and electricity. Mining used to be done on personal computers, but now specialized equipment has been designed to boost the mining pace while simultaneously increasing power consumption. As a result, the goal of this study is to look at the influence of hardware efficiency and determine if changing the algorithm to Proof-of-Stake (POS) and using renewable energy as a source of power for mining cryptocurrency will reduce the consumption, improve the mining process, and increase mining profit. During this study, mineworker performance and therefore the profitableness of mining cryptocurrency with the assistance of solar renewable energy, because it is the main supply for mining dogecoin, and we even went through the method of mining dogecoin with the assistance of Nvidia RTX 3080, which could be a non-LHR card, have been performed with and without overclocking the GPU. Considering renewable energy because the supply for mining helps the miners and therefore the setting.
The world is witnessing an accelerated large-scale technology adoption with transformative effects on day-to-day operations, with many industries now depending on machine-controlled processes. These technologies include blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing (EC). Although a lot of resources have been used to secure these technologies, persistent cyber threats result in major drawbacks, and applications must be designed with utmost precaution considering threats against known and unknown vulnerabilities. However, the vulnerabilities do not apply equally across all four technologies, and research shows that weaknesses in one platform can potentially be overcome by converging two or more. While blockchain offers enhanced distributed security, AI offers efficiency on blockchain ledgers, IoT provides much-needed data input to AI, and EC provides all platforms with reduced latency. Traditionally, these have been implemented in silos or perhaps in combinations of two. This article explores the possibility of addressing cybersecurity concerns through a complete alliance of the four technologies. We examine the correlation and expediency of integrating blockchain, AI, IoT, and EC, and how the consolidation could provide new levels of cyber safety.
Hui Wang, Longshuai Zheng, Qiuhong Xue, Xueqing Li
The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought unprecedented changes to the society and permeated our daily life. However, it has not been successfully applied in the area of medical waste regulation, where the recycling and disposal of medical waste have significant loopholes in the management of classification, transportation, disposal, supervision, and other links. The source, authenticity, and integrity of medical waste data lack guarantees, and there is a risk of data tampering and forgery. Although there are currently some medical waste supervision applications combined with IoT-based blockchain domestically and internationally to facilitate information sharing and transfer, no verifiable method is provided for the information privacy leakage of medical waste operators. To address this problem, we propose a blockchain-based medical waste supervision model, which connects participants involved in the process, introduces digital credentials to achieve the protection of operator information privacy, and ensures that the entire data process is authentic and credible. By building a decentralized system architecture and setting intelligent contracts, we integrate and record the medical waste disposal regulatory information in different phases on the blockchain to form the supervision of medical waste chain. In addition, we digitize the physical credentials and certificates using digital credentials to achieve cryptography security and privacy protection. The regulatory model designed in this paper can provide digital certificates of disposal tracking information to the health, environmental protection, and other administrative departments in China. It can provide authoritative evidence for the supervision and accountability of medical waste disposal and support the construction of a new generation of medical waste regulatory information systems in China.
In recent years, healthcare analytics is considered as an important application of research topic in medical field. The patient data is the main concern to be noticed in healthcare analytics solutions. The privacy of data leads to securing the data with high quality of care and requires a best design methodology. In current scenario, many failed to provide security of data which stored in server accessible by third party. To improve the data security and privacy thereby reducing bandwidth and improving efficiency, a consortium method called Enhanced Proof of Work (E-PoW) consensus blockchain for IoT based healthcare monitoring system has been proposed.
Nowadays, healthcare is growing rapidly due to the large development of new technologies such as IoT and wearable devices. These devices are widely used to ensure remote patient monitoring. The current implementation is based on a client/server architecture. This raises several challenges regarding security and privacy that make healthcare systems more susceptible to several attacks. Therefore, health data are subject to strict regulatory and security requirements. To overcome these challenges and comply with security regulations, the adoption of a distributed architecture is a necessity. Due to its distributed nature and its security promises, Blockchain has a large interest as a sophisticated technology to solve the security challenges in IoT-based systems. Motivated by these factors, this work proposes BlockMedCare, a secure healthcare system that integrates IoT with Blockchain. The system is designed to support remote patient monitoring, especially when it comes to chronic diseases that require regular monitoring. We took into consideration three main parameters: security, scalability, and processing time. The security is ensured by using the re-encryption proxy combined with Blockchain to store hash data. Smart contracts are used for access control. To ensure Blockchain scalability, an off-chain database based on IPFS is used to store data. To speed up the data storage process, we use an Ethereum Blockchain-based proof of authority. As a use case, we applied the system to diabetes management and showed the execution results based on the system interfaces. The experimental system has demonstrated a good improvement of healthcare systems in terms of security face to the existing methods.
Supply chain management is implementing the standards of Industry 4.0 in order to enhance the trust and safety level in the system with invention of the latest technologies. At the same time, the customers are now more focused towards the product quality. Supply chain management is the demand of the era. However, it is difficult to trace and maintain the track data throughout the process during the supply of a product. The traditional solutions were based on centralized third party solutions, where the data is inclined to various security attacks and high risk of tempering. In this paper, a solution for the management of supply of a product has been proposed which is based on IoT with an amalgamation of blockchain so as to increase the transparency of the flow during the supply of the product. The solution will help to enhance the trust as the data will be shared among all participating nodes of the network in blockchain. It also makes instant traceability of the product and this can be done by both the end of the chain. Moreover, this solution will help the consumer to check whether the product is from a reliable source or not. For the implementation and testing of smart contracts the authors have used Remix IDE, MetaMask and RinkeyBy.
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Ahmed Mudassar Ali, B. R. Tapas Bapu, N. Partheeban, V. Nagaraju · 5 authors
The term “Internet-of-Things (IoT)” has received a loT of interest nowadays. Blockchain has previously been employed in IoT as a reliable, robust and decentralized way. Furthermore, the present blockchain technology has a number of shortcomings that preclude it from serving as a general IoT infrastructure. The networks in the Internet of Things are severely resource constrained, particularly in terms of processing and communication capabilities. Regrettably, they are required by the Blockchain in order to achieve research objectives and disseminate blocks. We present a novel mining and cloud handling methodologies in this study to address the aforementioned challenge in the Blockchain assisted IoT, which is called as ‘Deep Precise Networking Model (DPNM)‘. To be more precise, miners function as data mining drivers for IoT terminals, outsource processing duties to deliver effective cloud enabled servers and flexibly allocate networking connections. Additionally, in addition to improve efficiency, the access control determination challenge, computational resource allocation algorithm and communication resource allocation issue are combined into a single optimization method. We next offer a competing back - propagation learning technique for resolving this issue and the subsequent section thoroughly justifies the efficacy of our proposed technique DPNM.
Due of transparency, decentralisation, and security qualities, Block chain is a cultural revalution which can be having significant process at current environment. For the process of its very first implementation of Crypto currencies, such as Bitcoin, Block chain has received a lot of attention. Distributed ledger system is designed for evolve at a rapid pace, conduct, and exchange information in future. Educators', corporate executives and scholars have recently been started to examine various elements of Ethereum in modern innovation. Among previous Chain polls that focus on the technology's deployments, difficulties, features, and protection. Researchers further give a comparison of frameworks, a categorization for compromise methods, and an examination on potential threats and unique experiences employed in the Block chain to date. Ultimately, the study discusses critical new approaches, unique application scenarios, and areas for further research that researchers might investigate in addition to making additional progress in this area.
Disasters have a global influence on human life, the environment, wealth, and infrastructure. Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a significant part in dealing with these calamities by allowing and combining diverse technical efforts to build disaster management systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain have sought tremendous attention throughout the globe and across industries. The significant success with the adoption of IoT and Blockchain in many fields has piqued the interest of many stakeholders in disaster management. This study describes an overview of how IoT and blockchain can enhance the performance of disaster management practices.