In this paper, we describe our analysis of a recently proposed electric vehicle charing protocol. The protocol builds on complicated cryptographic primitives such as commitment, zero-knowledge proofs, BBS+ signature and etc. Moreover, interesting properties such as secrecy, authentication, anonymity, and location privacy are claimed on this protocol. It thus presents a challenge for formal verification, as existing tools for security protocol analysis lack support for all the required features. In our analysis, we employ and combine the strength of two state-of-the-art symbolic verifiers, Tamarin and Prove if, to check all important properties of the protocol.
J.S. Barkatullah, Timo Hanke, Ravi Iyengar, Ricky Lewelling ¡ 5 authors
This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the special features, system design and architectures, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for CoinTerra's Goldstrike, a first generation crypto-currency processor for Bitcoin mining machines.
Michel Abdallaâ, Fabrice Benhamouda, David Pointcheval
Indistinguishability under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (IND-CCA) is now consid- ered the de facto security notion for public-key encryption. However, the security guarantee that it oers is sometimes stronger than what is needed by certain applications. In this paper, we consider a weaker notion of security for public-key encryption, termed indistinguishability under plaintext- checking attacks (IND-PCA), in which the adversary is only given access to an oracle which says whether or not a given ciphertext encrypts a given message. After formalizing the IND-PCA notion, we then design a new public-key encryption scheme satisfying it. The new scheme is a more e- cient variant of the Cramer-Shoup encryption scheme with shorter ciphertexts and its security is also based on the plain Decisional Die-Hellman ( DDH) assumption. Additionally, the algebraic properties of the new scheme also allow for proving plaintext knowledge using Groth-Sahai non- interactive zero-knowledge proofs or smooth projective hash functions. Finally, in order to illustrate the usefulness of the new scheme, we further show that, for many password-based authenticated key exchange (PAKE) schemes in the Bellare-Pointcheval-Rogaway security model, one can safely replace the underlying IND-CCA encryption schemes with our new IND-PCA one. By doing so, we were able to reduce the overall communication complexity of these protocols and obtain the most ecient PAKE schemes to date based on the plain DDH assumption.
We show that the cost of employee turnover in firms that rely on decentralized knowledge and personal relationships depends on the firms' planning horizons and the departing employees' incentives to transfer information. Using exogenous shocks to the relationship between borrowers and loan officers, we document that borrowers whose loan officers are on leave are less likely to receive new loans from the bank, are more likely to apply for credit from other banks, and are more likely to miss payments or go into default. These costs are smaller when turnover is expected, as in the case of maternity leave, or when loan officers have incentives to transfer information, as in the case of voluntary resignations. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
James Kiarie, Carey Farquhar, Robert Redfield, Kefa O Bosire ¡ 8 authors
Background: Lack and inequitable distribution of human resources for health (HRH) is a major health systems challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa.1,2 The Partnership for Innovative Medical Education for Kenya (PRIME-Kenya) is an innovative approach that seeks to strengthen health systems by increasing linkages and collaborations in health care, health education, and health research. This approach was informed by concerns of inadequate clinical exposure with increasing undergraduate student enrollment at a tertiary hospital; increasing demand for locally relevant health research; and the desire to retain health workers at nontertiary facilities during and after training. Intervention: We focused on three interventions as part of the PRIME-Kenya initiative: decentralized training of undergraduate students, building research capacity at 14 nontertiary health facilities, and a nurse training program based on an eLearning platform. Decentralized Training. We sought to improve medical education capacity at selected nontertiary health facilities by training facility staff that already had postgraduate clinical training by using e-resources (textbooks, guidelines, and online lectures). Staff that completed the training were appointed as adjunct faculty at the University of Nairobi (UoN). Building Research Capacity. We conducted two phases of implementation science research training. First, between December 2012 and August 2013, 354 staff (30â60 per facility) received three days of instruction at their facilities on how to develop research questions, write research proposals, and collect data. Second, in October and November 2013, 35 adjunct faculty (3â5 per facility) received two additional days of training during which they developed research proposals based on research questions developed during the first phase. These adjunct faculty will be mentored by UoN faculty to help them submit their proposals for ethics review, collect and analyze data, and disseminate results. eLearning. In 2012, the School of Nursing Sciences introduced an eLearning Bachelor of Nursing (eBScN) upgrading course for diploma-level nurses. Training is conducted in accredited county hospitals where students are supervised by UoN adjunct faculty. Outcomes: At 14 nontertiary health facilities, 182 adjunct faculty have been trained and 306 students have rotated. Adjunct faculty at 9 health facilities have developed draft research proposals covering various areas including the impact of national health financing policies, staff retention, and quality of services. At 28 county hospitals, 148 students are enrolled in the eBScN program, and initial exam results indicate that trainees are gaining expected knowledge and skills. Comment: According to the interviews, the students felt they had more opportunities to practice clinical skills, closer mentoring, and closer interactions with patients at the nontertiary facilities than at the tertiary hospital. Health workers at the nontertiary hospitals also reported improved quality of patient care, increased job satisfaction, and greater interest in research. Those working in the nontertiary health facilities prioritized research that was highly relevant to local practice and policy. In the eBScN training program, county hospitals have retained employees, and the nurses are upgrading their skills without losing income. This innovative approach is successfully addressing some of the HRH challenges in medical education, health care, and research. Acknowledgments: PRIME-Kenya Secretariat staff members included Collins Owek, Francis Njiri, Raphael Kinuthia, Samuel Runo, James Macharia, Wycliffe Ndege, Juliet Mwangi, Minnie Kibore, Linda Nyaga, Wycliffe Khaemba, Susan Wanja, and Luke D. Davies.
The argument of this paper may be summarized as follows. Causal propositions (propositions of the type âx causes yâ) are ambiguous. Such a proposition may have any one of three meanings (possibly more; but three is enough for this paper). The ambiguity, however, is of a rather odd kind. Sense I, which is historically the original sense, is pre-supposed by the others, and remains strictly speaking the one and only âproperâ sense. When we assert propositions containing the word cause in senses II and III, we are âsayingâ one thing and âmeaningâ another; we are describing certain things as if they were things of a kind which we do not actually believe them to be. This always has an element of danger in it: the danger of inadvertently beginning to âmeanâ what one had only intended to âsayâ, i.e., of thinking that things are what we describe them as if they were. This danger is much worse when our âmetaphorsâ get âmixedâ. This is what has happened with the so-called âidea of causationâ from the time of Kant onwards. It is a confusion of certain characteristics belonging to sense II with certain others belonging to sense III. Nothing can be done, therefore, towards clearing up our minds about causation, by merely analysing the idea as it stands and detailing the various elements it contains; for these elements are mutually contradictory. We must carry the process further, by segregating the elements under different heads, and distinguishing these as different âsensesâ of the word. But even this is not enough. A further step in the process is needed: namely a critical discussion of each âsenseâ taken singly. When this is done it will be found that the best way of avoiding confusion will be to restrict our use of the word cause to occasions on which it is used in its âproperâ sense, No. I; that on the occasions on which we use it in sense II we should be wise to use instead the terminology of means and ends; and that when we use it in sense III we should do better to speak of âlawsâ and their âinstancesâ. In the sense of the word that which is is the and of a and and to do it means a for we may to in the kind of in This is the time a and sense of the word with its and in and of the in of in and in A in a in causes of This not that the to the that with and it that on the up to In the sense we that a causes a to a that causes to from an It is not only a sense, it is of In is the word for as when the the of with the and the of have it that this is a use of the word and from what sense III, i.e., the sense in which one thing in is to be the cause of This is not the sense is the of the as can for will the in the and the in and and the cause in the II and III have of it by a process which in the A cause in this sense of a cause and a The is a of things the is a of things to be of these be a cause if the were A to a certain may be to by a about the of that but this not cause to to in the of an a to a not cause to in a certain if in that The is not a of things as it is a of things by the in to a a certain of the cause of is not this as it is this as to the in by The is not a as it is an A is to in a certain way not by to in that way it is to to but by to in that may be to the of but is not of this kind may the of a and in as the that a certain of things as when a of a certain the to a certain This is to the to do a certain to do The however, is an it not be done not be the it of A causes to do an is and not is a in and is for is a which A to by certain certain is the is the proposition that the by and the proposition that a in of and is for the the proposition the in this A is to the for the This not that a is a which be an which do when they speak of It means that is for the A is for the of certain to certain to the When a of a on its do is not is as an This is what when of the and A is to when about the is not on from and are In this in which a is to is not It has a and a But has done for the of the and the which in the is to cause has done for can be to cause as as to do in that the of be an which to an of on the of and has as only will not what they by the word In sense in sense I, the word cause an idea to but the in this is an intended to not but things in In this sense, the of an in is the to by which we can we to to a and it we can certain of our we about for its The is the cause of an means in this can we This sense of the word may be as follows. A cause is an of things which it is in our to and by which we can that cause it is to be. 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what causes a and what a cause have to be by and the of a of the type not an of propositions of the type âx causes propositions of the type âx but the of propositions in that kind of and the use of propositions in the of and propositions not propositions be the of in these propositions This not be by that the in which propositions are Such a that the idea of is a idea which when will the different idea of This to be the of the of and if to it do not to but must that it not from the what the idea is that its had to the means of the this one be taken for will that the proposition âx means merely the have to be with and not in the will be with In the for and we from the of to the of the we from the of these propositions to the that the proposition the have to be with is not what we by âx but is only the on the of which we assert the different proposition âx if means of it must be that is that is is we assert on the of of what to that is what should to assert a we must from the of the propositions to the this is we to assert but on the occasions when we do assert them we to be namely to our has by in a of to which have to but and to for it and to is a of a that it is for of its argument This will the In as it to that in sense III a cause and But to of what to on the a proposition to be even that the in to a in if is a of and of may be an even if they are it may not be to them are the of any we that a will always be a that is in the of a the the which have for do not intended to and But if has a as when on for a paper get of it this i.e., to a paper on this is for to a the word is not a of a it to a of in sense I, and means that has to This sense of in which it to is to the sense which is not only in sense and sense II of the word cause but in sense III The that can be and of the that happened only the of on the that are from one original and that be not in the sense of of by but in the sense of a in it be on of and on to the cause of an but it to be that has a even we what its cause and if a is to the that an has it may may not be but it be a of of for it that that when we use the word in sense III we to by it different from and of in the and in the and that this and is in the of that this is We have to the which we when we found the idea in sense and we have to it in the what is this idea It to be that it is from our of occasions on which we have others to in certain by them in their to the that they are in of a kind that only by can they the we them to and occasions in which we have is an idea from our and in what is a way not only to our with things in II of the word but to the which these things have Causal propositions in sense III are of in The we are in the of these of that they are the of the that it up in with the of to which in sense II of the word but that in this the a of a can be to certain in by certain means to them and if is as of the but it will that will be as about certain things in by the of certain a step in the argument if we to it we should is a thing in by as a means of we to be a in of its but as in the of that must be. in that that which is by the word that word not be as a to and be the is for not the but the This not the in a of causes of the but a cause of a as from The a of the on this it that in certain for the of certain these a in certain to with a kind of and these the of and that of to the is and is a kind of one thing in thing in The and are used and to a sense of and for the of things is taken as the of these causes is a of and is a of This the in which our of and in which the to that were in the and when the of and by a the word cause not a it a and its in these when we to and the to we as a of a taken to in a kind of which to one to as to that a cause is of that in which its is if what is is a of a certain that but by the and of the it is that for the idea of is the idea of by thing which if not under this this different by This of one thing in by is the of is that a by and in have to be in it is to and this which is has to be by an on the of the that This the namely of its which it to the as an to not that this of to is the to is that as a which the of are It is to that in is of not only not assert that must have a and this in In the of a its be what as from is for means and means a from to and to the which is its from to is in sense by the of its from to for it is not is that any which to the of is an the of are in the of that is a thing as as may be any the therefore, it were to that is that is to to the as the of that is on it that is and the be of the It have that is the and that idea of causationâ is a of a to which it is is what has the in the and it has the of cause In of that we get a and of the of the of that to that as the of has to an as to up the the of the cause in certain as is not a of their in them the word cause is not used in the sense. are and they use the word cause in sense the use of the word in that sense with it a of but this is not by the A of may its The in has a of one the with its on causes in sense the of causes sense with the of and the of the cause as an in time to its the one thing in which has found namely the that what to a not a as the a which has the that has a the cause of is a and this is to not from but a be by that has a It be if were used in sense In sense II it is in that is not if we for of not to is what Kant a have with the idea in a must be used in sense III. But what can be for can only that the of cause with of that and that a of the of The cause of an can be a III, only when cause is used in sense in the proposition âx causes means be an may have but its be The of a the a these not the only that can is an that is with is in a of is a from The of the is an by the Kant has to that in the propositions the word is used in different is therefore, to it a the to the as a of of of and a certain of the in which had by when to sense III and get to sense the of cause is not only but actually the in of a of cause as can be from with with the of cause to and on a of causes a to have that the only sense of the word cause is sense III. But when as of from to causation, for the of i.e., the of the is it for in of sense II in any on the from of as as to the sense in which the word cause is will to paper the of is that has on the the The of this paper by the of on the is to a of the of has for that the of causationâ is and and that in propositions about causes have are by propositions about to to and to that from it may be only in however, a a of the of time which cause and we the may this which the if is used in the sense, this proposition is for it means that is for a certain may be which is must be in the sense. But if is to is the in the sense, of are as a is is but that not that is in that sense, its the only to a is from one sense to the when the in and that the cause it the that causes i.e., that they are in way to is that as not that causes are in way to further and that this is of the word by But what in a is not this it is the cause and have this The has by and the confusion of sense II and sense III is of a the of a proposition of the causes is to a proposition of the the must be taken to not to a of of but to the of the of the word that the word is used in sense III, the sense. But the that it is used in sense for only in that sense is it that in a proposition of the type causes and are is with a idea of in which one element is from the characteristics of sense II and from of sense III. It is not therefore, that even to any proposition must be a for a proposition of the as must be in and is that a proposition which is in is is a of which that is thing as from of a that they in but and of a of this has a on The of and its The which is the of this is the of that the that is by what has This is and the for means the belonging to an to a of have a that therefore, a this as belonging to the of The is for the a namely of of that must have a cause and that this cause must be a but that our of this is have only to what by a in to that this is the that Kant on to will not that we a on as an as a which we will is that will of and to the that one is that is of to the that which is to which it to as it to with happened that but them that we of that is a that it be is not do not that things are as they are they were as they were. But do The are one in an of which to be of them has to any Kant the propositions of which this is are that as to we a of it The have in a to which have to by the word in This is that a it and have it the The word to a of the It is not used by a is thinking is to the is this of which are and what are its have the of it when in they are of their but when they to be to the to of it as have the use of is an will are It have any of the have to that the is is the âidea of causationâ which for is the which this our to not only their but their
ubiant, Lyon,
France, SĂŠbastien Mazac, FrĂŠdĂŠric Armetta, Salima Hassas
The theory of cognitive development from Jean Piaget (1923) is a constructivist perspective of learning that has substantially influenced cognitive science domain.Indeed it seems that constructivism is a possible trail in order to overcome the limitations of classical techniques stemming from cognitivism or connectionism and create autonomous agents, fitted with strong adaptation ability within their environment, modelled on biological organisms.Potential applications concern intelligent agents in interaction with a complex environment, with objectives that cannot be predefined.There are numerous interesting works in developmental robotics going in this direction.In this work we investigate the application of these principles to a close domain: Ambient intelligence, which is extremely challenging but which also presents interesting aspects to exploit, like the participation of human users.From the perspective of a constructivist theory, the learning agent has to build a representation of the world that relies on the learning of sensori-motor patterns starting from its own experience only.This step is difficult to set up for systems evolving in continuous environments, using raw data from sensors without a priori modelling, primarily because they face a bootstrap problem.In this paper we address this particular issue and propose a decentralized approach based on a multi-agent framework, where the system's representations are constructed through a self-organization process that handles the dynamics between experience discretization and learning.
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to offer an integrated literature review of shared servicesâ organizational structures by specifically focusing on centralization, specialization, control, and formalization mechanisms. Methodology/approach A sample consisting of 103 empirical and conceptual articles, identified in a structured literature search in Science Direct and Scopus, was analyzed. The focus was on exploring the structural dimensions of shared services in various fields: Supply Chains, Finance, Human Resource Management, and Information Technologies. Findings from the selected articles were codified alongside the structural dimensions drawn from contingency theory. Findings Most of the papers identified were concerned with the Human Resource function or with Accounting and Finance in the private sector. Purchasing was only mentioned in a few general articles and Marketing not represented at all, even though the literature suggests that shared services do exist in this field. This uneven distribution across fields, as well as the reality that many articles fail to make clear divisions between disciplines, is hardly conducive to identifying trends for individual disciplines, and only general trends for each dimension could be identified. Although centralization was one of the most discussed dimensions, there was no consensus as to whether shared services should be centralized or decentralized. Standardization and formalization were both found to be highly important, although a need for customization was also emphasized. Implications Future research should be oriented toward the structural dimensions of shared services in a broader range of fields as current findings are dominated by the Human Resource function. Another implication of our findings is that scholars could usefully test empirically the dimensions, especially those where opinions differed the most: centralization and specialization. Originality/value Earlier conceptualizations noted that the mixed shared service outcomes stem from the diversity in governance and several contingency factors. This work continues the exploration of the contingency factors and mechanisms that, through integration, allow shared services to respond to the environmental uncertainty. The value of this chapter is in examining the structures of different functional types of shared services that are reported as successful in the literature, thus offering an overview of best practices in organizing shared services.
Abstract We investigate the relationship between electoral institutions and committee autonomy in the context of U.S. state legislatures. The distributive theories of legislative organization suggest that electoral rules that make personal reputations more important motivate legislators to decentralize power and enhance committee autonomy to be able to target particularistic goods to their local constituencies. We argue that the distributive theories have direct implications for the relationship between candidate selection procedures and committee autonomy. The need to reach out to a large number of voters and to amass significant financial resources in states with more inclusive candidate selection procedures such as the open primary makes representatives more dependent on special interests, which is conducive to legislative particularism and committee autonomy. We take advantage of the great variation across the American states to investigate the effects of candidate selection procedures, a factor neglected in the previous literature. Examining 24 state legislatures from 1955 to 1995, we find that the inclusiveness of the selectorate, or the body electing candidates, has a significant effect on committee autonomy with more inclusive primary elections leading to more autonomous committee systems. By contrast, however, term limits were not a significant predictor of committee autonomy. This contributes to our understanding of how legislators amend institutional arrangements to achieve their electoral goals.
History of money. Virtual currencies. Literature review. Virtual currency schemes. Bitcoin mechanics. The limits of bitcoin. Bitcoin as a virtual currency scheme. Money in an optimizing framework. The cash-in-advance model. Bitcoin in the cash-in-advance model.
Mainak Ghosh, Miles Richardson, Bryan Ford, Rob Jansen
Abstract. The Tor network relies on volunteer relay operators for re-lay bandwidth, which may limit its growth and scaling potential. We propose an incentive scheme for Tor relying on two novel concepts. We introduce TorCoin, an âaltcoin â that uses the Bitcoin protocol to re-ward relays for contributing bandwidth. Relays âmine â TorCoins, then sell them for cash on any existing altcoin exchange. To verify that a given TorCoin represents actual bandwidth transferred, we introduce TorPath, a decentralized protocol for forming Tor circuits such that each circuit is privately-addressable but publicly verifiable. Each circuitâs participants may then collectively mine a limited number of TorCoins, in proportion to the end-to-end transmission goodput they measure on that circuit. 1
The devastation of World War II left Belgrade in ruins. Tito saw this as a golden opportunity to recreate the city through his own vision of socialism. In Designing Tito's Capital, B. Le Normand analyzes the unprecedented planning process called for by the new leader, & the determination of planners to create an urban environment that would benefit all citizens. Led first by architect Nikola Dobrovic & later by MiloĹĄSomborski, planners blended the predominant school of European modernism & the socialist principles of efficient construction and space usage to produce a model for housing, green space, & working environments for the masses. A major influence was Le Corbusier & his Athens Charter publ. in 1943, which called for the total reconstruction of European cities, transforming them into compact & verdant vertical cities unfettered by slumlords, private interests, & traffic congestion. As Yugoslavia transitioned toward self-management & market socialism, the functionalist district of New Belgrade & its modern living were lauded as the model city of socialist man. The glow of the utopian ideal would fade by the 1960s, when market socialism had raised expectations for living standards & the government was eager for inhabitants to finance their own housing. By 1972, a new master plan emerged under A. Äordevic, fashioned with the assistance of American experts. Espousing current theories about systems & rational process planning, the new plan left behind the dream for a functionalist Belgrade & instead focused on managing growth trends. While the public resisted aspects of the new planning approach that seemed contrary to socialist values, it embraced the idea of a decentralized city connected by mass transit. The study documents the evolution of 'New Belgrade' & its adoption & ultimate rejection of modernist principles, while also situating it within larger contexts of politics, economics, & urban planning
Gyan Prakash, B. N. VYAS, Product Design Specialist, Cognizant Technology Solutions, Kolkata, India
Cloud-based outsourced storage relieves the client's load for storage management and maintenance by providing a comparably low-cost, scalable, locationindependent platform. Though, the information that clients no longer have physical control of data specifies that they are facing a potentially formidable risk for missing or corrupted data. To avoid the security risks, inspection services are serious to ensure the integrity and availability of outsourced data and to achieve digital forensics and reliability on cloud computing. Provable data possession (PDP), which is a cryptographic method for validating the reliability of data without retrieving it at an untrusted server, can be used to realize audit services. In this project, profiting from the interactive zero-knowledge proof system, the construction of an interactive PDP protocol to prevent the fraudulence of prover (soundness property) and the leakage of verified data (zero knowledge property).To prove that our construction holds these properties based on the computation Diffie-Hellman assumption and the rewindable black-box knowledge extractor. An efficient mechanism on probabilistic queries and periodic verification is proposed to reduce the audit costs per verification and implement abnormal detection timely. Also, we present an efficient method for choosing an optimal parameter value to reduce computational overheads of cloud audit services.
The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a peer-to-peer distributed file system that seeks to connect all computing devices with the same system of files. In some ways, IPFS is similar to the Web, but IPFS could be seen as a single BitTorrent swarm, exchanging objects within one Git repository. In other words, IPFS provides a high throughput content-addressed block storage model, with content-addressed hyper links. This forms a generalized Merkle DAG, a data structure upon which one can build versioned file systems, blockchains, and even a Permanent Web. IPFS combines a distributed hashtable, an incentivized block exchange, and a self-certifying namespace. IPFS has no single point of failure, and nodes do not need to trust each other.
General dissatisfaction of people with existing banks and currencies have resulted
in appearing of alternative currencies. The most famous certainly is Bitcoin, a decentralized peer to peer electronic cash system. Readers are first introduced to the concept
of digital currency and then to a detailed description of Bitcoin protocol. Proof-of-
work is extensively described as it solves the famous problem of double spending.
Safety from double spending attacker that controls certain part of network is analysed
too. The last chapter gives quantitative analysis of Bitcoin graphs, especially the user
graph. Most active users are analysed and identity of some of them is discovered through web searching.
Saramago, Rodrigo Q., Meling, Hein, Jehl, Leander N.
A certification system is responsible for issuing digital credentials, which attest claims about a subject, e.g., an academic diploma. Such credentials are valuable for individuals and society, and widespread adoption requires a trusted certification system. Trust can be gained by being transparent when issuing and verifying digital credentials. However, there is a fundamental tradeoff between privacy and transparency. For instance, admitting a student to an academic program must preserve the studentâs privacy, i.e., the studentâs grades must not be revealed to unauthorized parties. At the same time, other applicants may demand transparency to ensure fairness in the admission process. Thus, building a certification system with the right balance between privacy and transparency is challenging. This paper proposes a novel design for a certification system that provides sufficient transparency and preserves privacy through selective disclosure of claims such that authorized parties can verify them. Moreover, unauthorized parties can also verify the correctness of the certification process without compromising privacy. We achieve this using an incremental Merkle tree of cryptographic commitments to users' credentials. The commitments are added to the tree based on verifying zero-knowledge issuance proofs. Users store credentials off-chain and can prove the ownership and authenticity of credentials without revealing their commitments. Further, our approach enables users to prove statements about the credentialâs claims in zero-knowledge. Our design offers a cost-efficient solution, reducing the amount of linkable on-chain data by up to 79% per credential compared to prior work, while maintaining transparency.
Can big data make us happy? Social thinker Jeremy Rifkin thinks so â through the digitized global network the Internet of Things (IoT). In The Zero Marginal Cost Society, he posits how people, natural resources and more âwill be linked via sensors and software to the IoT platform, continually feeding Big Data to every node â businesses, homes, vehiclesâ. Rifkin sees the IoT as allowing economic exchange through a collaborative commons that will eclipse the capitalist marketplace and save the planet. Rifkin is known for his insight on social and technological trends. Although he does not sufficiently explain how the IoT will reduce environmental problems, the book has many stimulating ideas on everything from bitcoin and prosumerism to the smart economy. If you are not a millennial and have yet to try crowdfunding, this is for you. Pull up a garden chair â just remember to turn on the Wi-Fi.
Porastom broja korisnika kriptovaluta pojavila se potreba za burzama, na kojima bi se moglo na jednostavan i siguran naÄin razmjenjivat valute. Cijene kriptovaluta temeljene su na trenutnoj ponudi i potraĹžnji. U sklopu diplomskog rada razvijena je web aplikacija za trgovanje kriptovalutama. Burze funkcioniraju na principu slanja kupovnih i prodajnih narudĹžbi, u kojima su naznaÄene valute kojima se trguje, te cijena i koliÄina. Glavna zadaÄa burze je uparivanje tih ponuda. Za razvoj aplikacije koriĹĄten je programski jezik C#, ASP.NET MVC, Entity Framework i SQL baza podataka. Za dizajn korisniÄkog suÄelja koriĹĄteni su HTML i CSS, te Javascript za periodiÄko osvjeĹžavanje podataka prikazanih na burzi.
In this paper we present a new primitive for a key exchange protocol based on multivariate non-commutative polynomial rings, analogous to the classic Diffie-Hellman method. Our technique extends the proposed scheme of Boucher et al. from 2010. Their method was broken by Dubois and Kammerer in 2011, who exploited the Euclidean domain structure of the chosen ring. However, our proposal is immune against such attacks, without losing the advantages of non-commutative polynomial rings as outlined by Boucher et al. Moreover, our extension is not restricted to any particular ring, but is designed to allow users to readily choose from a large class of rings when applying the protocol. Our primitive can also be applied to other cryptographic paradigms. In particular, we develop a three-pass protocol, a public key cryptosystem, a digital signature scheme and a zero-knowledge proof protocol.