The article presents a new information technology named Smart Contract (SC) as a proposal for automating contract management in today’s natural gas trade. The decision-maker should estimate in advance the impact of this technology for the future. The use of Smart Contract in the actual scenario of the Brazilian natural gas market involves some fundamental factors that encompass the main players of trade: Government, Organization, and Consumer. This article proposes an exploratory approach regarding Smart Contract to understand its attributes since no previous studies with SC have been conducted specifically for the Brazilian gas market. The qualitative methodology was selected because it analyses subjective aspects of the proposed information technology. Analysis included a questionnaire that was answered by two specialists who provided valuable insight into the feasibility of using the SC. I present two possible scenarios using Smart Contract to foster discussion considering the status quo of the Brazilian gas market. The data regarding the constructs was collected using documentary research of the emerging literature on Smart Contract, Blockchain, and the current gas market in Brazil.
The article is devoted to the causes of the origin, the consequences of the functioning of the crypto currency and the prospect of restructuring the modern financial system on the basis of blocking technology. The article shows that the crypto currency emerged as an evolutionary stage in the development of the world payment system, that the modern financial system is developing in a dead-end direction, that the use of crypto currency and its derivatives in practice can destroy the world payment system and world financial market from within. It is suggested that, based on the technology of the block, a modern financial system can be restructured.
The article is devoted to new directions of development of the digital economy. The analysis of technology development and cryptocurrency blokcheyn. Analyzed the problems and prospects of transition to digital economy technology.
The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the types in Fintech area, which is cryptocurrency from the perspective of Shariah. Until now, there are around 1,600 types of cryptocurrencies around the world. However, one of the most sought cryptocurrency in Malaysia is Bitcoin. Since it is still a new in Malaysia, the in-depth study on this has not yet been fully completed. By the realization to study this issue, a research has been conducted to become an eye-opener for those who want to dig deeper to gain the knowledge about this especially on the views from Islamic perspective or to be specific, from Shariah views. On the other hand, many issues arise regarding this cryptocurrency especially bitcoin. Therefore, this research will investigate the concept of money with its characteristics, and analyze if cryptocurrency does have all the characteristics of real money in it. Move forward to the next objective, this study will also explain on the Islamic perspective, and to be exact, Shariah views of cryptocurrencies as the currency or as a medium of exchange. Until now, there is still not much current views from the current scholars on this exact matters. Most of the views are regarding on whether their countries accepting it to be used or not, and the majority are the views from the government. Still, there is no specific hukm on the uses of cryptocurrencies. So, the outcome of this study will provide an important insight for potential customers who still want to invest their money in cryptocurrencies.
The history of creating bitcoin cryptocurrencies has been considered, the main features of cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency market have been identified. Based on the identification of features of the blockchain technology, the possibilities of making settlements outside the traditional financial system have been determined. Special attention has been paid to the issue of legal regulation of cryptocurrency in various countries. According to the results of a study of current trends in the cryptocurrency market, in the conditions of a significant decline in the market value of bitcoin in 2018, as the flagship of the cryptocurrency market, prospects for its development have been determined
Julia Reynolds, Leopold SSgner, Martin Wagner, Dominik Wied
This paper applies recently developed procedures to monitor and date so-called "financial marketdislocations", defined as periods in which substantial deviations from arbitrage parities take place. In particular, we focus on deviations from the triangular arbitrage parity for exchange rate triplets from a cointegration perspective. Due to increasing attention on and importance of mispricing in the market for cryptocurrencies, we include the cryptocurrency Bitcoin in addition to fiat currencies. We do not find evidence for substantial deviations from the triangular arbitrage parity when only traditional fiat currencies are concerned, but document significant deviations from triangular arbitrage parities in the newer markets for Bitcoin. We confirm the importance of our results for portfolio strategies by showing that a currency portfolio that trades based on our detected break-points outperforms a simple buy-and-hold strategy.
Starting with Satoshi’s famous essay, Anthony G. Parker MBCS explores what blockchain and cryptocurrencies may mean for the future of money and wealth. Along the way he reveals how the two could change more than just the pound in your pocket too.
This paper addresses recognizing fraud users on a Bitcoin exchange website-bitcoin-otc. According to online rating records provided by the website, some users behave significantly different from others. Seeing that, the classical K-means clustering algorithm is proposed to identify these abnormal users. K-means algorithm is an unsupervised clustering algorithm that clusters users based on feature similarity. Therefore, performance of K-means algorithm relies on the features. This paper explored and found the best collection of features based on real record data, e.g., mean of total ratings sent. Since the selected features are not observed for record set, the website should offer these features for potential traders.
This thesis describes a longitudinal study of Bitcoin,\nthe perhaps most popular blockchain based system today.\nPublic blockchains have emerged as a plausible messaging substrate\nfor applications that require highly reliable communication.\nHowever, sending messages over existing blockchains can be cumbersome\nand costly as miners require payment to establish consensus on the\nsequence of messages, since the electricity consumption\nneeded to run miners is not negligible.\nThe blockchain protocol requires an always\ngrowing size of the information stored in it so its scalability is\nthe biggest problem. For that reason we decided to\ncollect and store data locally in our own data structure,\nnecessary for the analysis,\nallowing us to save up to 10 times the amount of disk space.\nToday, systems using the blockchain protocol are emerging,\nand cryptocurrencies are a glaring example\nof its implementation. Bitcoin\nrepresents the largest cryptocurrency on market,\nand it has to face a massive scale due to its popularity,\nhaving in 2012 about fifty thousands\ntransaction per day and reaching now,\nin 2017, more than three hundred fifty\nthousands of transactions\napproved every day.\n\nThis massive scale in the system leads to a saturation\nof the messaging substrate, hence performance issues.\nIn this thesis we will focus also on the Bitcoin network\nperformance, in particular, transaction throughput and\nlatency.\nFrom 2009 to 2017 a lot of analyses on\nthe blockchain have been performed,\nenhancing the considerable change in\nthe block size limit,\nfrom 256 bytes to 1MB,\nas an attempt to overcome scalability problems.\nDifferent papers were published, discussing\nwhether changing or not the block size limit.\nIn addition, the Bitcoin price increased\nfrom ~0.7$ to more than 7.000$,\nmaking the system even more desirable for\nminers, but causing several complications\nin the fee and reward mechanism.\nWe evaluate and discuss possible ways to improve this fee\nmechanism in order to guarantee more revenue for miners along\nwith an user fee optimization.\n\nWe finally present our own system for\nlongitudinal analysis on the Bitcoin blockchain,\nBAS. It generates a dataset\nwhich contains a significant portion of\nthe whole blockchain, updated on September 2017.\nWe discuss our results and compare them with\nother evaluations from past years, considering\nthree main key points: scalability,\nperformance and fees/costs.\nWe discuss how scalability affects performance,\nand how the costs and fees are dependent\nfrom them both.\nWe want also to take into consideration\nthe environmental impact of Bitcoin\nand how it affects the coming\nof new cryptocurrencies.\nWe evaluate and\npropose, using machine learning techniques,\ntwo different cost prediction models that aim to\npredict bandwidth for upcoming transactions\naccording the fee they are willing to pay, and\nthe expected revenue for miners according to\nthe time spent mining.\nThese models can\nbe used by application to throttle network traffic to optimize\nmessage delivery. We also discuss\nwhether the block size limit should be increased for a higher\nthroughput or not.
As ultramodern as they may seem, cryptocurrencies and their underlying distributed ledger technology (commonly referred to as the blockchain), represent the intertwined evolution of two prosaic yet...
espanolLa tecnologia Blockchain, y en particular, los Smart contracts presentan una oportunidad para explorar nuevos modos de organizacion de empresas. El trabajo propone un analisis de las DAOs. (Descentralized Autonomous Organizations), entendidas como entidades descentralizadas, donde el poder de decision reside en todos y cada uno de los propietarios de tokens. El objetivo de eliminar el elemento humano de su gestion para introducir contratos inteligentes, automatizando la mayoria de los procesos tipicos de una sociedad tradicional, obliga al jurista a estudiar los tradicionales problemas de gobierno corporativo, de los conflictos de interes y de teoria de agencia que en el se dan, de la mano de nuevos conceptos. EnglishBlockchain technology, and in particular, smart contracts present an opportunity to explore new ways of business organization. The paper proposes an analysis of the DAOs. (Descentralized Autonomous Organizations), understood as decentralized entities, where the power of decision resides in each and every one of the token holders. The objective of eliminating the human element of its management by introducing smart contracts and automatizing most of the typical processes of a traditional society, forces the jurist to study the traditional problems of corporate governance, conflicts of interest and agency theory that are given, hand in hand with new concepts.
This research is carried out as a vision of the Organic Law of Popular and Solidarity Economy, its importance and impact on the economic and social economic functioning of the Community Savings and Credit Institutions of the Autonomous Government Decentralized of the Province of Pichincha in the canton Quito, San Antonio de Pichincha Parish, is part of a descriptive study, in which the deductive method is used because it is the most appropriate for research. For the development of this, the legal, organizational, administrative, financial, and social study was carried out through which the situation was diagnosed. After having applied the measurement instruments through a survey and in turn carried out the analysis of the information, the impact of the implementation of the Organic Law of Popular and Solidarity Economy was determined and finally determine the most relevant conclusions of the present investigation
The decentralized system of the Indonesian government to give jobs to the region to carry out development in the area in response to the various regional development policy. Offend public policy perspective the role of government and stakeholders. The focus of the stakeholders in this research is student organizations. This study aims to investigate the model student political movement in advocating for policies in the autonomous region in the province of North Sumatera. The method of investigation used to answer research questions using a mixed methods design sequential exploratory through collaboration grounded theory approach and surveys. Data gathering using depth interview and survey techniques used to test the hypothesis that emerged from the research results at the earliest. The study population is groups of student movement organizations in the province of North Sumatra with a set of samples of the four groups of organizations active student movement at the University of Sumatera Utara. The findings of this study describe a group of student movement organizations in conducting policy advocacy stages tend stalled at the stage of political socialization in advocating policies and limitations in order to maximize the level of policy advocacy in the parliament lobby.
The present thesis entitled: Need to establish a working day for the Councilors to be considered according to law public is based on the benefits of law granted by the State Councilors for having included them within public servants, that is to say a monthly salary, Social Security affiliation, liquidation, tenth and fourteenth remuneration, vacations, which in times prior to the 2008 Constitution did not have because that dignity of popular election was considered an honorary position, but only were dietary creditors because of the sessions that the council had during the month, the key foundation of this investigation is that as well as they are worthy of all the benefits of law that are guaranteed to public servants, the municipal councilors must comply with a working day as the law stipulates in the obligations of the Public Servants, it is established that the Aldermen only must be governed by the Organic Code of Territorial Organization Autonomy and Decentralization (COOTAD) and what the Constitution stipulates, therefore it is necessary to set fair precepts in the Organic Code of Territorial Organization Autonomy and Decentralization based on municipal classification and the scale of ceilings and floors of the monthly remunerations of the and the servants of the Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Governments that the Ministry of Labor determines, for the creation of the Ordinance of Operation of the Municipal Council. Art. 11 numeral 2 of the Constitution of the Republic states All people are equal and will enjoy the same rights, duties and opportunities, that is, there should be no labor
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preferences, since they are within the same categorization and have the same The same benefits must therefore comply with the obligations as such among the main ones is the execution of their activities through a working day, for the different attributions that the law grants to the Councilors it is established that the ordinance must be created according to the jurisdiction territorial and the activities carried out as a municipality based on the categorization of the Ministry of Labor.
The theoretical, legal and doctrinal collection, the application of surveys and interviews, allowed to obtain criteria with clear and precise foundations, of highly recognized bibliography, which contributed to the verification of the objectives and to the testing of the hypothesis raised regarding this practice; both the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador and the Organic Code of Territorial Organization, Autonomy and Decentralization, which are the only ones that stipulate the attributions of duties and rights of the municipal EdIles
Myriame Bollen, E.J. de Waard, Jori Pascal Kalkman
Flexibility in organizations is important, especially when dealing with crises that develop in an unpredictable way. Existing management theory makes clear that organizations are confronted with different environmental dynamics and, therefore, need a mix of operational, structural and strategic flexible capabilities to remain viable. The present article uses this insight to analyze the flexibility potential of the Dutch Border Security Team Concept (BST). The BST concept has been developed by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee as a practical answer to deal with the sudden migration crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean. The findings show that the composite BST unit has the potential to be really flexible. In sum, it has proven to be a comprehensive, semi-autonomous organizational element that possesses all the necessary capabilities to cover migration-related crisis situations well. Yet, the empirical results also bring to the front that the embeddedness of the BST within the overarching Frontex constellation affects the possibility to fully reap the benefits of organizational independence. Frontex’ standardized and highly formalized routines leave too little room for a customized decentralized organizational effort.
The Provincial Decentralized Autonomous Government of Los Rios is a public institution, which is responsible for carrying out works that contribute to the development of the province, this GAD was chosen to carry out the present case study with the theme CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF PAYMENT IN THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT OF THE GAD PROVINCIAL DE LOS RIOS . The development of this research corresponds to the guidelines required by the Technical University of Babahoyo, to comply with the titling process, choosing as a complex examination modality prior to obtaining the degree in Accounting and Auditing; for which I applied the knowledge that was acquired during the race.
The department is part of the organizational structure of this Provincial GAD, which is responsible for financial resources are managed and controlled in an appropriate manner to support the management of the Provincial Government in accordance with current regulations and provide accurate and timely information for the correct decision-making (GADPLR, ORGANIC STATUTE OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT BY PROCESSES OF THE AUTONOMOUS, DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT OF LOS RIOS, 2015).
This work is related to the line of research Management of Accounting Information, the information obtained in this case study was through the deductive research method, through interviews conducted with people involved in current processes; For this, the codes and laws related to the present investigation will be analyzed.
The present case study is carried out with the purpose of following up the payment process to suppliers and employees in the department of the Provincial GAD of Los Rios and to know in this way, if an adequate control of the procedures is carried out and if apply
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policies or other forms of control to Financial Management that will allow the correct use of resources, thus achieving to reduce unnecessary processes, time and costs; An analysis of the functions manual of the Provincial GAD is also carried out.