matthew baldree, paul widhalm, brandon hill, Matteo Ortisi
In this paper, we present a tool that provides trading recommendations for cryptocurrency using a stochastic gradient boost classifier trained from a model labeled by technical indicators. The cryptocurrency market is volatile due to its infancy and limited size making it difficult for investors to know when to enter, exit, or stay in the market. Therefore, a tool is needed to provide investment recommendations for investors. We developed such a tool to support one cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, based on its historical price and volume data to recommend a trading decision for today or past days. This tool is 95.50% accurate with a standard deviation of 0.54%. From our analysis, we conclude that Bitcoin is a unique asset with similarities to gold. As a young asset, it lacks economic fundamentals making it very difficult to predict. By leveraging technical momentum indicators to provide buy, sell, and hold markers or labels, a tool can be developed that performs as good or better than a buy and hold trading strategy in a bear market, bull market or both markets.
Open access
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
An online social media platform for cryptocurrency investor/traders to share ideas and showcase their portfolios. The platform will be able to capture investment information directly from user's cryptocurrency exchanges account and also factor in their crypto-mining asset to form an interactive portfolios for easy investment statistics tracking or show-casing. The platform will also serve as a advertisement platform for upcoming ICO(Initial Coin Offering),requiring minimal effort to set up and start reaching a targeted audience.
Bitcoin is a phenomenon that is new and there is little information on how and why it behaves as volatile as it does. This thesis uses existing data on Bitcoin’s exchange rate to estimate a model that describes the pattern and use it in a financial risk analysis. We also aim to contribute as a foundation for further studies in this field.\nThe statistical properties of the log-return of the exchange rate are analysed and it is deemed to be iid. From the eleven distributional candidates we study is the fitted skew generalised t distribution proven to represent the data best after evaluation by criteria and statistics. The estimated VaR and ES show that the rate is volatile and that the risk from investments is still high.\nThe findings show that it is necessary to describe the exchange rate with complex and flexible distributions, and even if the data shows more stability today than earlier is it important to show caution in interpretations and evaluations on the topic.\nKeywords: Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, statistical distributions, statistical analysis, exchange rate, modelling
Virtual machine (VM) measurements data in IaaS cloud play a crucial role in integrity evaluation and decision making. Hence, the secure storage for these data has attracted more attention recently. This paper proposes a novel approach, named Mchain, to enhance the integrity and controllability of the secure storage. Especially, to enhance the integrity, a two-layer blockchain network is introduced. In the first layer, after the production, the data packages are first verified by leveraging a correspondence between a package and a policy, and a one-to-one relation among a VM, a user, and a node. After that, we propose a consensus achievement algorithm to construct a semi-finished block on a candidate block arranged by data packages. Meanwhile, the semi-finished block is distributed to all nodes, which can provide a certain integrity. In the second-layer, tamper-resistant metadata is generated by performing PoW tasks on the semi-finished block, resulting in strong integrity. Further, to enhance the controllability, a revisable user-defined policy-based encryption method with KP-ABE is proposed. It helps to flexibly control the scope of authorized verifiers. The experimental results on six scenarios with simulated data set show that the proposed approach is appealing in integrity and controllability, and the time overhead of data storage.
Abigail L. Honga, Mikayel Ispiryana, Mugdha V. Padalkarb, br br · 9 authors
ABSTRACT
The MRI-derived consistency index (PI) could be a non-invasively obtained biomarker supported Associate in Nursing ultrashort echo time sequence that pictures each certain and pore water protons in bone, adore water guaranteed to organic scleroprotein matrix and freely moving water, severally. This live is understood to powerfully correlate with the particular meter animal tissue bone consistency. However, it's unknown whether or not PI might also be able to directly quantify bone organic composition and/or mechanical properties. we tend to investigated this in human body tibiae by scrutiny PI values to close infrared spectral imaging (NIRSI) integrative knowledge and mechanical compression knowledge. knowledge were obtained from a cohort of eighteen tibiae from male and feminine donors with a mean ± Mount Rushmore State age of seventy ± twenty one years. Biomechanical stiffness in compression and NIRSI-derived albuminoid and certain water content all had vital inverse correlations with PI (r = −0.79, −0.73, and −0.95 and p = zero.002, 0.007, and < 0.001, respectively). The MRI-derived bone PI alone was a moderate predictor of bone stiffness (R2 = zero.63, p = 0.002), and variable analyses showed that neither animal tissue bone cross-sectional space nor NIRSI values improved bone stiffness prediction compared to PI alone. However, NIRSI-obtained albuminoid and water knowledge along were a moderate predictor of bone stiffness (R2 = zero.52, p = 0.04). Our knowledge validates the MRI-derived consistency index as a powerful predictor of organic composition of bone and a moderate predictor of bone stiffness, and conjointly provides preliminary proof that NIRSI measures could also be helpful in future pre-clinical studies on bone pathology.
Bone fractures cause a high risk to the aging and unhealthy population, and assessments of bone mineral density (BMD) ar usually accustomed determine a patient's risk of fracture. for instance, various studies have shown that ladies with low bone density within the radius or bone ar at magnified risk of hip fracture, resonance imaging (MRI) ultrashort echo time (UTE) is a picture acquisition protocol that has incontestible hefty capability for imaging bone.
The borderline sample preparation, non-destructive nature of the scan, and relative speed of NIRSI makes it a perfect technique for investigation of changes in water content, distribution, and surroundings in pre-clinical studies of bone pathology and medical specialty.
Here, we tend to speculate that animal tissue PI will give correct measurements of bone organic material composition compared to NIRSI knowledge. we tend to additional speculate that, thanks to its legendary ability to image structural knowledge of bone, PI can give correct predictions of bone strength.
Biomechanical testing leg bone segments twenty five metric linear unit long were obtained from the distal regions of the remains samples then underwent uniaxial compression tests employing a servo-hydraulic material testing machine (Instron 8874 Instron, Norwood, MA) equipped with a 100kN load cell.
The health and strength of bone is decided by various factors, together with the amount of mineralized tissue, the amount, distribution, and crosslinking ability of albuminoid, and therefore the macro- and micro-structure of bone, The bone is Associate in Nursing organic matrix mixture that's primarily comprised of albuminoid.
Keywords: MRI Porosity index Bone stiffness Near infrared spectral imaging Bone biomechanics Magnetic resonance imaging Ultrashort echo time
Gas phase nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method, determining physical and chemical properties of molecules and giving insight into internal spin dynamics. Work has been done to significantly expand the known database of gas phase proton and carbon chemical shieldings obtained in the zero-pressure limit, which provide a comparison to computational NMR methods performed in vacuo. The combination of new knowledge of gas phase shieldings and high-resolution capabilities are demonstrated on analysis of natural gas and volatile fractions of crude oil, which gives new applications of gas phase NMR towards the petroleum industry. Furthermore, more insight has been obtained in regards to gas spin-relaxation, particularly in multiple-quantum relaxation through comprehensive pulse sequences to filter double- and zero-quantum coherences. Finally, results will be given of efforts in 13C hyperpolarization via the Haupt effect, as most notably observed in γ-picoline. New enhancements in γ-picoline were obtained through careful sample preparation and more understanding has been achieved though examining the time periods of liquid helium immersion required to generate the hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization in γ-picoline served as a proof of concept for the application of this paradigm to smaller molecules. Results are given of matrix-isolation techniques in gas phase methyl-rotors with intention to create hyperpolarization through A/E state rotor imbalance of methyl groups at 4.2 Kelvin.
Health care organizations function in multidimensional environments and their organizational cultures are complex and demanding. The expectations from health care services are high and as a result patients want the most effective and latest possible treatments, while the politicians demand responsible services. As far as healthcare professionals are concerned they require motivating and challenging work environments. All these goals and objectives can be at the root of wicked problems in healthcare management. Thus, this research paper aims to assess the impact of reforms like decentralization, health care financing and the use of information communication technology (ICT) on Patients satisfaction in public hospitals of KPK (Pakistan). The aim of these reforms was to solve the problems encountered in health care systems and to improve healthcare systems. Findings show that there is positive relationship between reforms and increase in Patient’s satisfaction Keywords: Reforms, Decentralization, Health care Financing, ICT'S in the Health Care, Quality of service, Patient Satisfaction
This dissertation develops a set of analytical tools and conceptual frameworks to explore the socio-technical implications of transitioning to a low carbon energy future. The chapters here investigate the energy challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa and analyze power expansion pathways in Nigeria and Kenya, outline the development of a novel electricity modeling tool, and conceptualize an energy sovereignty framework to enable people-centered energy planning approaches. Chapter 2 presents an overview of Africaâs energy systems and the role renewable energy can play in supporting sustainable development in Africa, with a main focus on the challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. I synthesize the most prominent papers in the past five years. I review the literature concerning the scale of generation expansion needed to achieve universal access in the region, the challenges of power sector finance, and the need for people-centered planning paradigms. Through an extensive literature review, I assess the capacity expansion needs of the region and highlight the policy lessons that enable private power sector investment such as transparent regulatory and procurement policies. I also present a critique of the socio-political implications of increased foreign investment in the regionâs power sector. Finally, I present several studies that explore the need for people-centered planning approaches in order to achieve more equitable energy systems for all. I argue that renewable energy presents opportunities to achieve power systems expansion in an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable manner. To do this, Sub-Saharan Africa must adapt its planning strategies to holistically address the technical, economic and socio-political challenges it faces. Chapter 3 takes a deep-dive from an overview of Sub-Saharan Africa to a focus on Nigeria. I develop a first-order capacity expansion model to analyze power expansion scenarios in Nigeria. Nigeria serves as a case of countries with significant electricity demand growth that is constrained by under-developed grid infrastructure. I illustrate how the dependence on natural gas for generation has stifled the nationâs power supply, assess the role of renewable energy in meeting the nationâs electricity demand growth, and compare the cost of its current power generation expansion pathways to cost-optimized pathways. Using the capacity expansion model, I find that Nigeriaâs current energy policy, known as Vision 30:30:30, perpetuates this heavy reliance on natural gas and significantly underestimates the role of solar energy in the future electricity mix. I also identify and assess lower cost alternative pathways which do not require any coal and nuclear generation expansion unlike the Vision 30:30:30 pathway. The results show that Nigeria will have to install at least an additional 38 GW by 2030 to keep up with grid-based demand growth alone - about eight times the current operational capacity. This chapter reveals Nigeriaâs need for an energy policy reform that reduces its dependency on natural gas, eschews coal and nuclear expansion, and harnesses its abundant solar potential using centralized and distributed renewable energy technologies.Chapter 4 outlines my development of a novel open-access electricity modeling tool known as PROGRESS (Programmable Resource Optimization for Growth in Renewable Energy and Sustainable Systems). PROGRESS enables generation expansion modeling for countries with low availability and access to power systems data. The design of sustainable electricity systems needed to fuel development in regions with low electrification rates (such as Sub-Saharan Africa) requires context-specific power system modeling. Modeling data requirements for these regions, however, can be challenging for researchers and other stakeholders to access. This chapter presents a proof-of-concept description to show how PROGRESS works and then presents preliminary results for generation capacity expansion using the case of Kenya.Chapter 5 presents what is, for me, the most critical aspect of this dissertation. I explore how transitioning to low carbon energy systems and achieving universal electricity access will require not only an extensive redesign of the existing energy infrastructure but also a rethinking of energy planning approaches. I argue that innovation in decentralized and distributed energy technology transforms people from mere consumers to prosumers by empowering them to plan for their energy autonomously. I aim to connect the rise of prosumers with long-standing social movements that call for just, fair and sustainable energy systems. I draw from a rich literature of socio-energy concepts that aim to incorporate social and human dimensions into energy planning. I focus on energy justice, energy democracy, and I introduce energy sovereignty. I synthesize how these concepts together emphasize critical considerations for energy planning: âenergy for whom, for what, and at whose costs?â I also introduce an additional consideration: âenergy by whom?â and I conceptualize its framework in relation to electricity provision. I propose that âenergy by whom?â is an essential question for re-envisioning a new energy paradigm and designing a low-carbon energy future.Overall, this dissertation contributes analytical and conceptual tools for low carbon energy systems, which together provide novel socio-technical approaches for planning towards a low carbon energy future, and urge on the paradigm shift to just and sustainable energy for all.
Islamic Fintech is the most recent innovation in the advancement of Islamic Financial industry, the current evolution of Fintech markets in the world has proved to be the game changer in the banking and financial markets. International trade finance is one of the most important areas infiltrated by the Islamic Banking and finance institutions. However, the Islamic letter of credit initiated by many Islamic Banks were based on various Shari’ah principles that allow the bank benefiting from the transactions as agents or share in the business with the client as a joint venture business relationship. The emergence of Islamic Fintech has been a drastic progression in the Islamic banking and financial sector, the Islamic fintech becomes one of the most important mechanisms in the Islamic Financial industry to develop the International trade finance. Islamic Fintech helps in cost reduction, digitalization and automation and provides alternative financing options. This paper discusses the International trade finance and introduces wakalah model to be implemented through the newly innovated wakalah smart contract. The new model aimed at facilitating the international trade transactions with the use of innovative financial technology for international trade finance. This will help the Entrepreneurs, SME’s and the International Business players and the Islamic Financial Institutions in overcoming various challenges confronted by the International trade finance today. The newly wakalah smart contract will help execute the transactions in a fastest way than the conventional wakalah contract do, the paper discusses the Shari’ah issues related to the new Fintech enhancement in the Islamic financial sector.
The latency and throughput of blockchain-based cyrptocurrencies is a major concern for their suitability as mainstream currencies and as transaction processors in general. The prevalent proof-of-work scheme, exemplified by Bitcoin, is a deliberately laborious effort: the time and energy required to mine blocks makes the blockchain virtually immutable and assists in the consensus-reaching process. Coinspermia (coin=money + spermia=seed) is a different approach: transactions are concurrently seeded throughout a network of peer nodes to an extent sufficient to achieve a high reliability of essential currency operations, including the fast transfer of coins from an owner to a recipient, and the prevention of double spending. A number of Bitcoin features are retained in Coinspermia, including transaction input-outputs and cryptographic addresses and signing, but no special proof-of-work is required to commit transactions. Instead, a client can be assured of an operation completion when a quorum of network nodes acknowledge the operation, which can occur before a transaction operation finishes propagating through the network. Simulation substantiates improved latency and throughput.
Nearly a decade after the appearance ofcryptocurrencies, they have grown, both in number and in market, being areality of our day, and in the last year the media has constantly written aboutthem. Yet they continue to be a mystery. Normal, on the one hand, because notall of us are computer scientists, many are just computer users, but few arethe ones who are good at cryptography. Unfortunately, so too few of thefounders and users of cryptocurrencies are good at the economy. Maybe that'swhy they exaggerate when they call their crypto "coins" creations.These creations are not and probably will not be coin for a long time.Cryptocurrency there is something that few are good at, but many want it, because it brings them some wealth. Cryptocurrency and their evolution in thepast year have enriched their founders and, being unregulated, we should countthe days until we are impoverished. Cryptocurrencies have emerged and developedas a result of a sense of frustration among many who believe that people in theleadership of states and authorities live on their backs, banks steal them, states discriminate against them, judges and lawyers are not right. It is theworld of the Internet, the world where people are free and have no bosses andno laws. Cryptocurrencies also mean many personal pride, but also the right toopinion and a social democracy. Or maybe anarchy. How could we justify morethan 1500 such assets in less than 10 years.
Cryptocurrency is a new trend in business sphere all over the world.It gave us opportunities to earn, to produce, to sell.But the growth of popularity of it must be connected with understanding of its functioning, understanding of possibilities it gives us.According to statistics, there are hundreds Billion dollars invested in this sphere, which makes it worth our close attention, but misunderstanding, fake news and the lack of credible information arouses distrust and creates a gap between society and this budding sphere.The aim of this work is popularization and explanation of possibilities of earning, which are created by cryptocurrencies.
We examine the predictions of the resale option hypothesis (Scheinkman and Xiong, 2003) in cryptocurrency markets. The resale option hypothesis yields testable implications on the relationship between the level and volatility of mispricing, and the degree of heterogeneous beliefs. Using turnover as a proxy for heterogeneity, we find evidence supporting the resale option hypothesis. These findings are persistent across various types of cryptocurrencies, and support the notion that cryptocurrencies trade above intrinsic value. Futhermore, we conduct two backtests to show that portfolios with higher turnover or resale option characteristics underperform portfolios with lower turnover or resale option characteristics. This supports the theory that disagreement is negatively related to future returns for positive biased assets (see Atmaz and Basak, 2018).
From positions, attained by modern theoretical physics in understanding of the universe bases, the methodological and philosophical analysis of fundamental physical concepts and their formal and informal connections with the real economic measuring is carried out. Procedures for heterogeneous economic time determination, normalized economic coordinates and economic mass are offered, based on the analysis of time series, the concept of economic Plank's constant has been proposed. The theory has been approved on the real economic dynamic's time series, related to the cryptocurrencies market, the achieved results are open for discussion. Then, combined the empirical cross-correlation matrix with the random matrix theory, we mainly examine the statistical properties of cross-correlation coefficient, the evolution of average correlation coefficient, the distribution of eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the global cryptocurrency market using the daily returns of 15 cryptocurrencies price time series across the world from 2016 to 2018. The result indicated that the largest eigenvalue reflects a collective effect of the whole market, practically coincides with the dynamics of the mean value of the correlation coefficient and very sensitive to the crisis phenomena. It is shown that both the introduced economic mass and the largest eigenvalue of the matrix of correlations can serve as quantum indicator-predictors of crises in the market of cryptocurrencies.
Proof Of Work Blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum exhibit a low Transaction Per Second (TPS) that impacts the scalability of the blockchain. Manipulating the block creation time can yield a higher TPS. A lower block creation rate results in a higher Stale Block rate that has a direct impact on the security of blockchain. We intend on using a novel Proof of Work Classification model under a varying level of difficulty to classify an instance of blockchain with a threshold (Block-time) on the basis of it’s resilience to selfish mining and double-spending attacks. Use of an ideal block creation time can help Proof of Work blockchains scale and attain a higher TPS without trading off security. The classification model can further be extended to find an optimal block-size.
Με τις πρόσφατες εξελίξεις στις τεχνολογίες της πληροφορίας και της επικοινωνίας και την διαδεδομένη δημοτικότητα των κινητών τηλεφώνων (π.χ. συσκευών Android και iOS), οι ψηφιακές πληρωμές και τα κρυπτονομίσματα όπως το Bitcoin, το Litecoin, το Ethereum και άλλα, γίνονται ολοένα και πιο δημοφιλή στο ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο. \nΟι εγκληματίες - συχνά πρωτοπόροι των νέων τεχνολογιών - εκτίμησαν γρήγορα ότι το Bitcoin ως πρωτοπόρο, αλλά και τα λοιπά κρυπτονομίσματα στη συνέχεια, έχουν μοναδικές ιδιότητες που θα μπορούσαν ενδεχομένως να εξυπηρετήσουν το ενδιαφέρον τους για αποφυγή της επιβολής του νόμου. \nΤο Bitcoin εισάγει μια σειρά προκλήσεων στις ψηφιακές έρευνες που οφείλονται κυρίως στα στοιχεία της ψευδωνυμίας που παρέχει σε ένα χρήστη και το αποκεντρωμένο δίκτυο μέσα στο οποίο λειτουργεί, όπου με τη χρήση του μπορεί να μεταφερθεί χωρίς μεσάζοντες ακόμη και σε διεθνή σύνορα τόσο εύκολα όσο και η αποστολή ενός μηνύματος ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου. \nΑυτά τα χαρακτηριστικά το έχουν καταστήσει ελκυστικό μέσο ανταλλαγής για όσους ασχολούνται με εγκληματικές δραστηριότητες στο διαδίκτυο. Κατά το παρελθόν έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί για τη νομιμοποίηση εσόδων από παράνομες δραστηριότητες και για φοροαποφυγή, ενώ έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί εκτεταμένα για την αγορά παράνομων προϊόντων, αγαθών και υπηρεσιών μέσω διαδικτυακών αγορών, όπως το Silk Road στο Dark Web. \nΧρησιμοποιήθηκε και χρησιμοποιείται επιπλέον από επίδοξους χάκερ ως τρόπος πληρωμής για επιθέσεις ransomware που έχουν σημειώσει τεράστια ανάπτυξη κατά τη διάρκεια των τελευταίων χρόνων από την δημιουργία του. \nΠαρά το γεγονός ότι το Bitcoin αλλά και τα άλλα εικονικά νομίσματα (κρυπτονομίσματα) αποτελούν πηγή αποδεικτικών στοιχείων, έχει υπάρξει περιορισμένη έρευνα στην εγκληματολογική εξέταση τους. Η υπάρχουσα εγκληματολογική έρευνα σχετικά με το Bitcoin επικεντρώνεται κυρίως στο Blockchain (το καθολικό ledger στο οποίο καταγράφονται οι συναλλαγές) και όχι στο Bitcoin, ως λογισμικό του χρήστη (π.χ. την εφαρμογή πορτοφολιού για κινητά τηλέφωνα) προκειμένου να βρεθούν και να ανακτηθούν δεδομένα σχετικά με τις συναλλαγές που έχει πραγματοποιήσει ένας χρήστης χρησιμοποιώντας την συγκεκριμένη εφαρμογή ή και άλλα στοιχεία που σχετίζονται με την συμπεριφορά του χρήστη κατά την χρήση της εφαρμογής πορτοφολιού Bitcoin. Αυτό είναι το κενό που επιδιώκουμε να αντιμετωπίσουμε σε αυτή την εργασία.
Genomgår pengar en revolution? Ett mycket centralt ämne i ekonomi är pengar, pengar har genomgått många utvecklingar och därmed har även synen på pengar förändrats över tid. Vi har använt varor och råvaror som pengar. En bytesekonomi där snäckor, stenar och fjädrar ansågs vara värdefulla att handla med, för att sedan övergå till dyrbara metaller som guld och silver. Denna övergång utvecklades och vi fick våra första sedlar som tillverkade i Kina, därefter tillkom papperssedlar, kreditkort och digitala pengar. Nu har det uppkommit en ny typ av valuta på marknaden som kan innebära nästa steg i utvecklingen. Nämligen kryptovalutan, som är omfattande för alla digitaliserade valutor, men valutan kan också vara decentraliserad. Den virtuella valutan har många kritiker, men användningen av valutan fortsätter att expandera. Bitcoin är den första och mest använda kryptovalutan (Bitcoin, 2018). Syftet med denna studie är att genom intervjuer med fem Bitcoin investerare förstå vad som är värdeskapande och att dessutom förstå vilka fördelar och nackdelar den virtuella valutan Bitcoin har för sina investerare. Värdeskapande är subjektivt och sker i samband med att investerare interagerar med varandra. Investerare i Bitcoin menar att det som är värdeskapande är sex faktorer: lönsamhet, risk, tillit, överförbarhet och transparens, säkert och kontroll samt kontroverser.