Pavitra Mohanty, Darshan Patel, Parth Patel, Sudipta Roy
This paper shows the prediction of fluctuation in the future price of cryptocurrencies. Users' comments and tweets from twitter using Apache Flume and Price data was fetched from exchanges. Bitcoin first documented by allies Satoshi Nakamoto, the first decentralized currency payment system has gained a considerable attention in the financial system, economics, social media and computer science due to its combination of peer-to-peer nature, encryption technology, and monetary unit. Predicting the price of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies is a great challenge because it is immensely complex and dynamic in nature. In this paper, we have tried to predict the future price of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin using LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and used Twitter data to predict public mood. By combining both market sentiment and social sentiment because bitcoin price shows mixed properties. We also have selected some other important features from the blockchain information which has a major impact on Bitcoin's supply and demand and using them to train model that improves the predictive power of the future Bitcoin price. We have performed a deep study of how data from social media affect the price of Bitcoin and so we have included the twitter data in model training. Our model shows that how well LSTM predict the price of Bitcoin considering the high volatility. The precision given by our model is 60% and accuracy is 50%. More focus is not given to accuracy, in this case, considering the highly volatile market.
A trusted electronic election system requires that all the involved information must go public. However, it focuses not only on transparency but also on privacy issues. In other words, each ballot should be counted anonymously, correctly, and efficiently. In this work, an effective e-voting system is proposed for voters to minimize their trust in the authority or government. We ensure the transparency of election by putting all messages on the Ethereum blockchain; in the meantime, the privacy of individual voter is protected via an effective ring signature mechanism. Besides, the attractive self-tallying feature is also built in our system, which guarantees that everyone who can access the blockchain network is able to tally the result on his own, i.e., no third party is required after the voting phase. More importantly, we ensure the correctness of voting results and keep the Ethereum gas cost of individual participant as low as possible, at the same time. Moreover, the pre-described characteristics of stealth address in our system makes it more suitable for large-scale election on line.
Crypto currencies are considered as the next model of economics and monetary exchange. In recent years, popular cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin and Ethereum witness an exponential growth in economic sphere. In this paper empirical testing of four conventional machine learning methods is performed to predict the bitcoin prices using last eight years of transactional data. Linear and polynomial regression is implemented using all the features individually. Polynomial regression, Support Vector regression and KNN regression are hyper tuned with grid search logic. Results depicted that KNN regression outperformed others models in attaining mean square error of 0.00021.
Aug 1, 2018·2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)
Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury, Alan Colman, Muhammad Ashad Kabir, Jun Han · 5 authors
Personal data such as electronic medical records and academic records are critical and sensitive private information. These personal information is usually hosted across many data-custodian systems. Personal Data Store (PDS) is a service that lets an individual store, manage and deploy their key personal data in a highly secure and structured way. It also gives the user a central point of control for their personal information. One of the inherent problems of digital records is that it can be easily forged. Therefore, the data-consumer(with whom the data is shared) often needs to verify the authenticity of the shared document/record by communicating with the document/certificate issuing authority (e.g., data custodian). However, this process is time consuming and inefficient. In recent time, blockchain has gained tremendous attention from both industry and academia for distributed recording and immutable transactions. Blockchain provides a shared, immutable and transparent history of transactions enabling the building of applications that incorporate trust, accountability and transparency. This provides a unique opportunity to develop a secure and trustable data sharing system using blockchain. However, blockchain is primarily proposed for publicly verifiable transactions and does not provide privacy to the individuals. In this paper, we propose a data sharing framework that will guarantee the authenticity of the shared data in real-time and provide transactional privacy in a blockchain network. We have implemented our framework in a prototype that ensures privacy, integrity, and fine-grained access control over the shared data. The proposed work can significantly reduce the turnaround time for data sharing, improve the decision making process and reduce the overall cost.
Aug 1, 2018·2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)
Blockchain is the shared distributed ledger to record the history of transactions. In blockchain network, nodes validate the transactions and reach the consensus on the ordered transactions. The more transactions are happened, the more processing powers of nodes are needed. Shard is introduced to blockchain for processing the multiple transactions in parallel. In this paper, we propose the blockchain for a domain based static sharding. We split a blockchain into multiple shards based on the domain. In each shard, nodes validate the multiple transactions concurrently and keep the shard's ledger separately. With this, it can be processing of low-latency transaction. Also, by changing the composition of committee members that validate blocks dynamically, we can enable the blockchain to be more trust.
Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is considered a prospect by industries such as finance, education and healthcare, due to its decentralization and non-tampering features. In the current Education-Industry cooperation, substantive information asymmetry exists between universities and employing companies. Student credit systems and the historical information data chain need urgent establishment and maintenance. The paper makes use of the transparency and non-tampering features of the blockchain system to implement an Education-Industry cooperative system based on the blockchain Hyperledger framework. Using the Certificate Authority service and transactions in the Hyperledger framework, the system simulates the roles of universities and companies in the system, and enables universities and enterprises to share information transparently, which achieves information symmetry among student skill and knowledge information, demands of enterprise recruitment, and current market trends. This offers a significant attempt on the application of blockchain technology to Education-Industry cooperation as a pilot development for technology deployment.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Aug 1, 2018·2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)
In this paper, we focus on the efficiency improvement of the content distribution network while endow this framework with controllability, where CHs(Content Helpers) have restricted distribution scope and thus the economic benefits of CP(Content Provider) are protected. We propose a novel controllable content distribution framework by using the blockchain technology as well as the iterative self organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (ISODATA), which is an improved k-means clustering method. To implement an incentive and consensus mechanism utilizing proof-of-stake, we employ smart contract to enforce content distribution in an autonomous way. We conduct some experiments to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed framework. The experimental results demonstrated show that our framework has the advantages of high efficiency, low latency, and good scalability.
The development of Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) has brought many conveniences to human beings, but also brings a very prominent security problem. The traditional solution to the security problem is based on centralized approach which requires a trusted central entity which exists a single point of failure problem. Moreover, there is no approach of technical level to ensure security of data. Therefore, this paper proposes a security architecture of VANET based on blockchain and mobile edge computing. The architecture includes three layers, namely perception layer, edge computing layer and service layer. The perception layer ensures the security of VANET data in the transmission process through the blockchain technology. The edge computing layer provides computing resources and edge cloud services to the perception layer. The service layer uses the combination of traditional cloud storage and blockchain to ensure the security of data.
In the area of IoT (Internet of Things), more and more intelligent devices are being connected to the Internet. These intelligent devices have been producing a huge amout of useful data over time, however there is still a lack of a platform which can efficiently transfer and utilize the value of the massive IoT data. Blockchain is able to transfer value with a relative low cost, which makes it possible for the data from smart devices to create economic value. This work of this paper is to design a high performance blockchain platform, using technologies such as distributed network architecture, intelligent devices node mapping, as well as PBFT-DPOC consensus algorithm to realize the decentralized autonomy of intelligent devices.
Keltoum Bendiab, Nicholas Kolokotronis, Stavros Shiaeles, Samia Boucherkha
Secure and reliable management of identities has become one of the greatest challenges facing cloud computing today, mainly due to the huge number of new cloud-based applications generated by this model, which means more user accounts, passwords, and personal information to provision, monitor, and secure. Currently, identity federation is the most useful solution to overcome the aforementioned issues and simplify the user experience by allowing efficient authentication mechanisms and use of identity information from data distributed across multiple domains. However, this approach creates considerable complexity in managing trust relationships for both the cloud service providers and their clients. Poor management of trust in federated identity management systems brings with it many security, privacy and interoperability issues, which contributes to the reluctance of organizations to move their critical identity data to the cloud. In this paper, we aim to address these issues by introducing a novel trust and identity management model based on the Blockchain for cloud identity management with security and privacy improvements.
Bitcoin is one of the most successful cryptocurrencies. Many people invest money on creating new Bitcoins because of Bitcoin's market increase. They actually buy hardware and power to participate in Bitcoin mining. The market value of Bitcoin has also absorbed cybercriminals. They steal the process cycles from victims' machines and use them in mining activities by malware programs. There have been several security reports about these types of malicious activities. Although there are methods to detect botnets, to the best of our knowledge, none of non-commercial and published papers present detection method for these types. In this paper, we present Botcointrap, a novel approach to identify Bitcoin miner botnets (called Botcoin) based on dynamic analysis of executable binary files. This method benefits from a parameter value that all Botcoins must use across their computations and detect them in the lowest level of execution; therefore, our method can be used to overcome weaknesses of many other approaches. Our evaluation shows that the proposed approach efficiently identifies all simulated Botcoins.
The U.S. power grid is a complex system of systems that requires a trustworthy, reliable, and secure global supply chain. A formidable challenge considering the increasing number of networked industrial control systems (ICS) and energy delivery systems (EDS) and growing number of intermediary distributors, vendors and integrators involved. Grid modernization has increased the use of “smart” energy devices that automate, digitize, network, and bring together the cyber-physical energy supply chain. In the current Energy Internet of Things (EIoT) environment, the growth of data speed and size requirements as well as the number of critical cyber assets has generated new North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) compliance requirements and cyber supply chain security challenges for vendors, regulators, and utilities. The issuance of Order No. 829 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) instructed the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to confront cybersecurity supply chain risk management for ICS software and hardware, as well as the networking and computing services associated with Bulk Electric System (BES) operations. To meet these goals, current technology and processes must be improved to better identify, monitor, and audit vulnerable EIoT environments. This paper examines how blockchain technology can enable NERC CIP compliance as well as aid in the security of the BES supply chain through an immutable cryptographically signed distributed ledger that allows for improved data security, provenance and auditability.
End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) is widely used in messaging services to protect the security of messages, and most E2EE systems are implemented by asymmetric encryption. However, most mechanisms of public key distribution rely on centralized servers, which may cause leakage and tampering of messages if centralized servers are compromised. In this paper, we propose a decentralized key distribution protocol based on blockchain to solve this problem, and we call it KeyChain. Blockchain can build transparent systems without centralized servers and inherently resist tampering with high Byzantine fault tolerance, therefore it is employed in KeyChain to store public-key-to-id bindings. In addition, in KeyChain, every modification of the public key will be added to the blockchain, so that tampering behaviors can be traced; for the purpose of implementing Byzantine fault tolerance by a low computation cost, KeyChain employs Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) as the consensus mechanism to avoid waste of computing resources. Our experiments results show that KeyChain can distribute public keys within 1.3 seconds and only cost a client 0.262MB hard disk space in 24 hours.
Aug 1, 2018·2018 2nd International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC)I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), 2018 2nd International Conference on
When Bitcoin's price skyrocketed then cryptocurrencies dragged the world's attention. Since then "Cryptocurrency Mining" has became a buzz word for computer geeks as well as for those who wanted to add a new source of income. "Mining" is a process of solving computational problems using hardware which results in obtaining rewards in the form digital currency. Large number of people who could afford a personal computer, started getting attracted towards mining, which resulted in formation of "Mining Pools". Mining Pools are an explicit example of teamwork where miners share their efforts to mine cryptocurrencies. This paper throws light on some of the key concepts of mining such as hash rates, pool analytics and various mining software. A complete financial report is enclosed in this paper which discusses the profitability or non-profitability of various cryptocurrencies and hardware by considering various attributes like pool fee, electricity costs, and revenues excluding the cost of hardware. This paper is an outcome of practical mining of several cryptocurrencies on GPUs and CPUs (non-custom hardware) which results in contextually slower mining as compared to high-end miners. Proposed data will guide novice miners to start mining.
Bitcoin is a decentralized crypto-currency, which is based on the peer-to-peer network, and was introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. Bitcoin transactions are written by using a scripting language. The hash value of a transaction’s script is used to identify the transaction over the network. In February 2014, a Bitcoin exchange company, Mt. Gox, claimed that they had lost hundreds of millions US dollars worth of Bitcoins in an attack known as transaction malleability. Although known about since 2011, this was the first known attack that resulted in a company loosing multi-millions of US dollars in Bitcoins. Our reason for writing this paper is to understand Bitcoin transaction malleability and to propose an efficient solution. Our solution is a softfork (i.e., it can be gradually implemented). Towards the end of the paper we present a detailed analysis of our scheme with respect to various transaction malleability-based attack scenarios to show that our simple solution can prevent future incidents involving transaction malleability from occurring. We compare our scheme with existing approaches and present an analysis regarding the computational cost and storage requirements of our proposed solution, which shows the feasibility of our proposed scheme.
Sujaya Maiyya, Victor Zakhary, Divyakant Agrawal, Amr El Abbadi
Bitcoin is a successful and interesting example of a global scale peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that integrates many techniques and protocols from cryptography, distributed systems, and databases. The main underlying data structure is blockchain, a scalable fully replicated structure that is shared among all participants and guarantees a consistent view of all user transactions by all participants in the cryptocurrency system. In this tutorial, we discuss the basic protocols used in blockchain, and elaborate on its main advantages and limitations. To overcome these limitations, we provide the necessary distributed systems background in managing large scale fully replicated ledgers, using Byzantine Agreement protocols to solve the consensus problem. Finally, we expound on some of the most recent proposals to design scalable and efficient blockchains. The focus of the tutorial is on the distributed systems and database technical aspects of the recent innovations in blockchains.
Aug 1, 2018·2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)
Authentication and revocation of users in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETS) are two vital security aspects. It is extremely important to perform these actions promptly and efficiently. The past works addressing these issues lack in mitigating the reliance on the centralized trusted authority and therefore do not provide distributed and decentralized security. This paper proposes a blockchain based authentication and revocation framework for vehicular networks, which not only reduces the computation and communication overhead by mitigating dependency on a trusted authority for identity verification, but also speedily updates the status of revocated vehicles in the shared blockchain ledger. In the proposed framework, vehicles obtain their Pseudo IDs from the Certificate Authority (CA), which are stored along with their certificate in the immutable authentication blockchain and the pointer corresponding to the entry in blockchain, enables the Road Side Units (RSUs) to verify the identity of a vehicle on road. The efficiency and performance of the framework has been validated using the Omnet++ simulation environment.
Petr Novotny, Qi Zhang, Richard Hull, Salman Baset · 8 authors
Academic publishing is continuously evolving with the gradual adoption of new technologies. Blockchain is a new technology that promises to change how individuals and organizations interact across various boundaries. The adoption of blockchains is beginning to transform diverse industries such as finance, supply chain, international trade, as well as energy and resource management and many others. Through trust, data immutability, decentralized distribution of data, and facilitation of collaboration without the need for centralized management and authority, blockchains have the potential to transform the academic publishing domain and to address some of the current problems such as productivity and reputation management, predatory publishing, transparent peer-review processes and many others. In this paper, we outline the technologies available in the domain of permissioned blockchains with focus on Hyperledger Fabric and discuss how they can be leveraged in the domain of academic publishing.
Autonomous vehicles are capable of sensing their environment and navigating without any human inputs. However, when autonomous vehicles are involved in accidents between themselves or with human subjects, liability must be indubitably decided based on accident forensics. This paper proposes a blockchain-inspired event recording system for autonomous vehicles. Due to the inefficiency and limited usage of certain blockchain features designed for the traditional cryptocurrency applications, we design a new "proof of event" mechanism to achieve indisputable accident forensics by ensuring that event information is trustable and verifiable. Specifically, we propose a dynamic federation consensus scheme to verify and confirm the new block of event data in an efficient way without any central authority. The security capability of the proposed scheme is also analyzed against different threat and attack models.
Aug 1, 2018·2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)
In past, several Certificate Authority (CA) compromise and subsequent mis-issue of certificate raise the importance of certificate transparency and dynamic trust management for certificates. Certificate Transparency (CT) provides transparency for issued certificates, thus enabling corrective measure for a mis-issued certificate by a CA. However, CT and existing mechanisms cannot convey the dynamic trust state for a certificate. To address this weakness, we propose Smart Contract-assisted PKI (SCP) - a smart contract based PKI extension - to manage dynamic trust network for PKI. SCP enables distributed trust in PKI, provides a protocol for managing dynamic trust, assures trust state of a certificate, and provides a better trust experience for end-users.
Nasr Al-Zaben, Md. Mehedi Hassan Onik, Jinhong Yang, Nam Yong Lee · 5 authors
Surveillance and secrecy breaching incidents of users' privacy questioned the current third-parties data collection procedure. Massive amounts of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) are being exploited due to malpractice, identity theft, spamming, phishing and cyber-espionage. A large amount of data flow from users to enterprises for data-driven market analysis and prediction. Consequently, it is tough to track the flow and genuineness of PII. Blockchain technology, an ‘immutable’ distributed ledger which can efficaciously track PII exchange, store, and distribution. In contrast, ongoing EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) demands ‘right to forget’ and ‘should be erasable’ rights. However, this paper proposes an off-chain Blockchain architecture which uses both local database and distributed ledgers to preserve a trustable PII life cycle. Considering the key factors of GDPR, prevailing Blockchain architecture were modified and a prototype was created to validate our proposed architecture using multichain 2.0. Proposed architecture stores PII and Non-PII physically separated location. Finally, with proposed architecture user will realm privacy and rigidity of Blockchain along with the privacy regulation of GDPR. Validation is done by comparing proposed system with existing methodology from technical aspects, future research scopes is also well advocated.
Current citation indexes such as Scopus and the Web of Science rely on centralized curation to function. This creates a series of potentially negative incentives, both financial and academic, which could be addressed through the creation of an unpermissioned, distributed ledger of citations. This paper explores this possibility using Bitcoin as a model.
With the rapid growth of urbanization, smart city needs efficient and sustainable intelligent solutions in the transportation, environment, energy, government affairs. The smart city infrastructure, which combines the IoT, Big Data and Energy Internet, is one of the most effective solutions. It's facing many problems such as poor security of IoT, equipment maintenance and upgrade difficulty, high operating costs of large data center construction, poor resistance to damage, the difficulty of establishing the energy Internet users trust , user privacy is easy to leak, market model is not applicable and so on. The Blockchain is a kind of distributed P2P network common intelligence accounting technology based on cryptography. The features of open, transparent, interconnection and peer-to-peer, storage and sharing in the Blockchain are relevant to the openness, interconnection, peer-to-peer and Shared characteristics of the energy Internet. Its features of redundant storage and distribution also make up for the disadvantages of large data center's high operation cost, poor recovery ability and the difficulties for the maintenance of IoT equipment. This paper, first introduces the role of the big data, IoT, and the energy Internet in the construction of smart city and Blockchain technology. By analyzing their respective characteristics and comparing their similarities, corresponding solutions are put forward to aim at the problems such as poor security of IoT, upgrading of equipment maintenance and upgrading, construction and operation cost of large data center, poor flexibility in anti-attack, difficulty in establishing trust in energy Internet users, user privacy leakage and inapplicability of trading market mode. A kind of architecture of P2P light-heavy backup is put forward to overcome the high cost of Blockchain data storage.
Aug 1, 2018·2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/ 12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE)
Saqib Ali, Guojun Wang, Bebo White, Roger Leslie Cottrell
The blockchain is an innovative technology which opened doors to new applications for solving numerous problems in distributed environments. In this work, we design a blockchain-based data storage and access framework for PingER (worldwide end-to-end Internet performance measurement project) to remove its total dependence on a centralized repository. We use the permissioned blockchain and Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) for this purpose. In the proposed framework, metadata of the files are stored on the blockchain whereas the actual files are stored off-chain through DHT at multiple locations using a peer-to-peer network of PingER Monitoring Agents. This will provide decentralized storage, distributed processing, and efficient lookup capabilities to the PingER framework.