Blockchain Papers

Qais Alassa

No abstract is available for this record.

Wulf A. Kaal

No abstract is available for this record.

Pierpaolo Della Monica, Ivan Visconti, Andrea Vitaletti, Marco Zecchini

An essential requirement for the large-scale adoption of Web3 is enabling users to benefit from their data even within already deployed systems. This raises an important open question: how can existing, widely adopted software verify that a user has retrieved specific data from a TLS server? Impressive scientific results (e.g., DECO [CCS20] and the work of Xie et al. [USENIX24]) and industrial products (TLSNotary) have recently made progress in the above challenging direction. However, while they nicely leave TLS servers untouched, the retrieved data is then used in computations with verifiers that are required to run some advanced non-standardized cryptographic schemes (e.g., ZK-SNARKs), which clearly limits the large-scale adoption of the proposed technologies. In this paper, building on top of previous approaches and relying on the recent concept of Predicate Blind Signatures of Fuchsbauer and Wolf [Eurocrypt24], we bypass the limits of prior work by presenting ACTS a distributed architecture that, while still leaving TLS servers untouched, it allows a user to show possession of data retrieved from TLS servers simply requiring that the software of the verifier can check a standard signature. Our contributions include a round-optimal predicate blind signature protocol that produces standard RSA-PSS signatures. We show how this primitive can be integrated into the DECO architecture (and its successors) to certify data retrieved from TLS servers. Furthermore, we have optimized our construction to make it practical on commodity hardware for a large and significant class of policies implemented by the notary (i.e., the actor that is in charge of obliviously certifying TLS data, therefore preserving data confidentiality). We provide an experimental evaluation on the simple but powerful enough use case of a PDF document downloaded from a TLS server and encoded into an AES-GCM ciphertext. The user will then get a certified PDF through a standard PADES signature added obliviously to the PDF along with some metadata by a notary service. The resulting standard signed PDF document can be transparently verified using off-the-shelf PDF readers. Our experimental validation demonstrates that our architecture is suitable for real-world deployment in concrete scenarios.

Igor Calzada

No abstract is available for this record.

Ahmet Ramazan Ağırtaş, Arda Buğra Özer, Zülfükar SAYGI, Oğuz Yayla

Unbiased and unpredictable randomness is a cornerstone of Web3 security, underpinning everything from consensus protocols to DeFi logic. Although Distributed Verifiable Random Functions (DVRFs) eliminate central points of failure, current designs often have to compromise performance. Most existing protocols are hindered by one of three limitations: proofs that scale linearly with the number of participants, high computational cost of bilinear pairings, or latency introduced by mandatory interactive steps during generation. In this work, we present Icy-DVRF, a protocol that improves DVRFwCP by employing a preprocessing scheme similar to FROST to reduce the number of interaction rounds among participants and lowering the additional communication cost from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(n^{2} t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> while maintaining constant-size proofs. The downside of our construction is that, relative to DDH-DVRF and GLOW-DVRF, this approach incurs an additional off-chain communication round due to the threshold structure of our non-interactive zero-knowledge proof. This architecture ensures that verification costs remain low, regardless of the set of participants. While theoretical estimates suggest verification costs of approximately one quarter of those of standard designs, our empirical benchmarks on the Sepolia testnet, utilizing the EIP-2537: Precompile for BLS12-381 curve operations, confirm that Icy-DVRF requires only 88,803 gas for full execution. This represents a significant 43.02% reduction in total gas consumption compared to existing pairing-based constructions, saving 67,035 gas per on-chain verification. Off-chain, eliminating DVRFwCP&#x2019;s Augmented Secure-DKG round yields a per-node speedup ranging from a factor of 1.46 at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n,t)=(5,3)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to a factor of 4.43 at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(n,t)=(50,34)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.

Johannes Bennke

No abstract is available for this record.

Ellen Shi, Ellen Wu

No abstract is available for this record.

Muhammad Siddiqui

No abstract is available for this record.

Vadim Tsyvian

LAYER 0: RESTORING REAL-WORLD ONTOLOGY TO DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE The Restoration of Digital Legal Personality through Object-to-Subject Transformation This paper proposes restoring the ontological logic of the physical world within the digital realm. In physical reality, Layer 0 (corporeal presence) implicitly guarantees that an agent is a Subject. The digital world lost this layer, leading to a critical systemic error: the granting of legal capacity to "dead" Objects (code), which results in the mass voidness of transactions due to Vitiated Consent (Defect of Will). The author introduces the concept of Object-to-Subject Transformation. We assert that the only way to eliminate this legal voidness is to re-introduce the human will as a tangible force. The Core Mechanism: The solution is the Organization of the Stream. By actively directing a continuous flow of entropy tokens from physical reality to a digital entity, the human performs a volitional act. This active organization is the endowment of Will, which ontologically transforms the digital entity from an inert Object into a capable Subject. Key Contributions: Restoration of Reality: Layer 0 re-establishes the physical-to-digital link that was lost in standard TCP/IP architecture. Elimination of Voidness: By ensuring "No Will = No Action," the protocol prevents transactions that would be legally void ab initio. Discrete Subjectivity: Legal personality becomes a dynamic state that exists strictly during the moment of active human engagement (Stream Organization). Conclusion This work integrates legal theory and cryptography to create a post-quantum standard of trust, where the human remains the sole source of Subjectivity, preventing the legal and ontological collapse of the digital economy. Keywords: Layer 0, Object-to-Subject Transformation, Digital Legal Personality, Discrete Legal Personality, Sybil Resistance, Capacity to Act, AI Liability, Vitiated Consent, ZK-PoB, Proof of Personhood, Biological Entropy, Model Collapse, Web3 Security, Digital Identity, Intentional Entropy

Assistant Professor Dr. Shweta Oza

The growth of the crypto markets has changed the investment environment in a profound manner by elevating cryptocurrencies from purely speculative assets to institutional-grade investments. The current paper evaluates the investment characteristics of Bitcoin and Ethereum, the most popular cryptocurrencies, based on the modern portfolio theory framework. According to the analysis carried out for 2020-2025, the Bitcoin asset demonstrates an impressive Sharpe ratio of 1.7, substantially exceeding that of the S&P 500 (0.54) and gold (0.48-0.54). In favorable market conditions, Ethereum outperforms Bitcoin in terms of risk-adjusted returns, exhibiting even better characteristics. The study highlights a change in the mechanism of price fluctuations in the market from the \\\"four-year cycle\\\" to the flow of institutional capital. At the same time, correlation analysis shows that despite the absence of high correlation of these assets with other asset classes over the long term, the correlation between the two increases under market pressure. As a result, 1-4% of portfolio weight can be safely allocated to each asset, depending on the investment strategy.

Juan Cano-Benito, Andrea Cimmino, Sven Hertling, Heiko Paulheim · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

P. (Palanisamy) Deepa, R. Kavitha

The convergence of fundamental blockchain technology with the Ethereum network has ushered in a new era of decentralized innovation, moving beyond simple cryptocurrency transactions to a programmable, trustless ecosystem. By introducing smart contracts—self-executing, automated agreements—and the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ethereum acts as a decentralized \\\"world computer\\\" that allows for the creation of decentralized applications (dApps) across numerous sectors, including finance, healthcare, and supply chain management. In recent years, blockchain technology has gained significant attention for its potential in various domains. However, the lack of interoperability between different blockchain platforms poses a significant challenge in meeting the demands of the modern world. To address this issue, our research focuses on unlocking blockchain interconnectivity through smart contract-driven cross-chain communication. We aim to contribute to the development of a model that enhances the functionality and usability of blockchain technology. To achieve interoperability, we explore various options and leverage the power of smart contracts.

K.P. Chowdhury, Tom Shohfi

No abstract is available for this record.

Alexander Neumueller

No abstract is available for this record.

Akshat Verma, Aditya Kumar, Abhishek Sahani, Ayush Gupta · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Dr.A.Swetha Dr.A.Swetha, MOHAMMAD RESHMA, JAKKULA SHIVA KUMAR, M. Ahmed

No abstract is available for this record.

Jakub Cwirlej

No abstract is available for this record.

Dr.B.Swathi Dr.B.Swathi, MOHAMMAD SANA, DAMERUPPULA SAI KIRAN, JADI GANESH · 5 authors

The quick rise of digital technologies has shown how blockchain could improve business operations by making them safer, more open, and less centralized. Most blockchain solutions, on the other hand, are made for big businesses, which makes it hard for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) to use them because they are too expensive, too complicated, and not modular. This study suggests a blockchain-based framework designed specifically for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) to make digital transformation more affordable. The framework includes stable consensus protocols, governance mechanisms, and important services like Decentralized Identity (DID), Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), and Digital Asset Management (DAM). It is meant to be modular, scalable, and simple to connect to current business systems. Experimental testing shows that SMEs are more efficient, secure, and easy to use. The proposed framework lowers the barriers to entry and lets small and medium-sized businesses use blockchain for new ideas, better operations, and safe online transactions.

Rossana Caputo, Bernard Mallia, Keerthi Kumar Masanasetty, Prasad M

No abstract is available for this record.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Michel Rauchs, Garrick Hileman

No abstract is available for this record.

Avni Rustemi, Fisnik Dalipi

ABSTRACT The generation and verification of academic credentials, particularly diplomas, is crucial for the secure functioning, enhanced legitimacy and confidentiality of higher education institutions (HEIs). Digitising the internal services of HEIs is of great importance, as it mitigates the potential abuse of diplomas and other important documents. The prevalence of forgery attempts highlights the need for robust verification methods. In this regard, blockchain technology can be considered as a solution due to its capability to ensure the immutability, decentralisation, security and transparency of all documents stored on the blockchain network or storage. In this paper, we aim to move from concept to practical implementation of a blockchain‐based framework for generating and verifying diplomas, named Diploma Integrity Authentication Record (DIAR), which, in addition to the digitalisation of diplomas and academic documents, also enables their fast, secure, and cost‐effective verification. Through the paper, we describe in detail the process of practical implementation of the DIAR framework, presenting the smart contract for generating and verifying diplomas, the process of encrypting and storing diplomas as non‐fungible tokens on the blockchain network or storage. At the same time, the challenges of practical implementation are also described, which are predominantly related to the scarcity of blockchain solutions for generating and verifying diplomas in HEIs. Significant attention and emphasis are placed on the legal matters pertaining to the implementation and safeguarding of students' identification and data privacy.

B. T. Snipes

No abstract is available for this record.

Amaira Varshney

No abstract is available for this record.