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Jan 1, 2019·Молодой ученый
0 cites
P2P-сеть в Ethereum

Максим Олегович Крохин

No abstract is available for this record.

Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2019·Труды НГТУ им. Р. Е. Алексеева
1 cites
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ СМАРТ-КОНТРАКТА НА ПЛАТФОРМЕ ETHEREUM

Владимир Юрьевич Карпычев

Функциональное моделирование на основе стандарта IDEF0 – создание графических моделей любой предметной деятельности, включающих иерархическое описание процессов, операций, ресурсов (информации), инструментария, исполнителей, управления и связей между ними. В статье предложена функциональная модель создания и управления смарт-контрактами на платформе Ethereum.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Dec 28, 2018·Вісник Луганського державного університету внутрішніх справ імені Е О Дідоренка
2 cites
BlockСhain та Bitcoin що це таке та «як працює»?

М. В. Карчевський

Перспективною для усвідомлення сутності криптовалюти в контексті кримінально-правового регулювання вбачається систематизація її ознак і встановлення їх змісту. Видається, що найбільш вдалою систематизацією ознак криптовалюти буде традиційна для кримінально-правового регулювання система ознак предмета злочину: фізична, економічна, юридична. Фізична ознака характеризує технічні аспекти функціонування криптовалюти. Економічну ознаку визначає ціна, яку за неї можуть заплатити зацікавлені особи. Юридична ознака встановлюється на підставі послідовного аналізу передбачених чинним законодавством видів об’єктів цивільних прав. Отже, у контексті кримінально-правового регулювання криптовалюта представляє собою дані в електронному вигляді, що мають ціну та є предметом реалізації права на інформацію.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2018·CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka)
1 cites
К вопросу о безопасности смарт-контрактов

Боровик Владимир Сергееви, Зенин Михаил Максимович, Гатчин Юрий Арменакович, Югансон Андрей Николаевич

Смарт-контракты предназначены для заключения и поддержания коммерческих контрактов в технологии блокчейн. Эта технология лежит в основе децентрализованных приложений. Наибольшую популярность на данный момент имеют приложения, написанные с помощью смарт-контрактов на платформе Ethereum. Смарт-контракты, как и обычные программы, подвержены различным уязвимостям. В данной работе описаны результаты исследования безопасности смарт-контрактов, написанных на языке Solidity, для блокчейна на платформе Ethereum. Рассмотрены наиболее популярные уязвимости, даны рекомендации по их устранению. Итогом работы стала классификация уязвимостей, основанная на оценке степени возможного ущерба, а также актуальности, сложности и вероятности реализации.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2018·Repository of Vinnytsia National Technical University (Vinnytsia National Technical University)
0 cites
Аналіз стійкості технології блокчейн на прикладі реалізацій Bitcoin та Ethereum

Ю. В. Баришев

Представлено аналіз технології блокчейн та виконано дослідження криптографічної стійкості її найбільш популярних реалізацій. Визначено вразливі місця реалізацій технології та запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо усунення визначених недоліків.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2016·Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики
0 cites
Emercoin как альтернатива Bitcoin

И С Коршакевич

No abstract is available for this record.

Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2016·Russian Journal of Innovation Economics
3 cites
Криптовалюта Bitcoin как финансовый инструмент виртуальной экономики

А.А. Попиков

В статье рассмотрена эволюция денег, идентифицированы угрозы использования электронных денег, определены перспективы и возможности использования криптовалюты Bitcoin как финансового инструмента виртуальной экономики.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Sep 30, 2015·Scientific works of Kyiv Aviation Institute Series Law Journal "Air and Space Law"
0 cites
Financially-legal aspects of decentralization prosses of public administration in Ukraine today

Ірина Петрівна Устинова

The objective of the article is the accumulation and review of existing regulatory material regarding the decentralization process, namely the implementation of fiscal decentralization, and financial and legal analysis of the current state of local Finance and their legal regulation reform in modern conditions of development of Ukraine taking into account foreign experience. The relevance of the research topics is the need of the modern understanding of legal regulation of decentralization processes in public administration of Ukraine and the state of development of law in these processes. Doclet themes. The problem of decentralization of financial resources and authority devoted a lot of research scientists (N. Bykadorova, A. Bondarenko, N. Kaminska, I. Karchevsky, P. Kolody, B. Krajnik, I. Legkostup, J. Ostroshenko and others) both in Ukraine and abroad. The author explores the concept of decentralization, financial decentralization, the decentralization of power. Analyzed the legal value of laws of Ukraine: "On principles of state regional policy" and "On voluntary consolidation of territorial communities" for further reform actions in Ukraine. Analyzed components of the new system in the formation of profitable and account parts of local budgets, the determination of the principles of transfer policy and intergovernmental relations. The main objectives of such a system and ways of their implementation are as follows: 1. Ensure fiscal autonomy and financial independence of local budgets 2. The consolidation of local budgets in the stable sources of income and stimulate podatkovni communities. 3. Strengthening the responsibility of relevant ministries for the balance of financial resources and sectoral policies, in particular through the mechanism of providing educational and medical subsidies, subsidies for personnel training. 4. The expansion of spending powers of local authorities by transferring funding from the local budgets of individual budget programmes and agencies, which are now financed from the state budget. 5. The introduction of a new mechanism of budgetary regulation and equalization. In Ukraine the process of fiscal decentralization takes place quite actively, consistently, with a fairly full legislative regulatory the development of this process, which is a positive thing for Ukraine in the historical development of both areas and the state.

Open access
2 source records
Economic Issues in Ukraine
Business and Economic Development
Labor Market and Education
Original source
Jul 15, 2015·eTheses of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University (Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University)
0 cites
إدارة برامج تعليم اللغة العربية في معهدي النقاية والأمين الإسلامي مادورا: دراسة مقارنة

Asmaniyah Asmaniyah

مستخلص البحث
\n
\nاللغة العربية لغة مهمة للمسلمين ولكن صعبة في تعليمها عند رأي معظم الطلاب. وهذا الذى يتحدى المدارس والمعاهد الإسلامية في ترقية برامج تعليم اللغة العربية حتى تكون جذابة لدى طلابها. لكل المدارس والمعاهد الإسلامية في إندونيسيا لها اتجاهات مختلفة في تعليم اللغة العربية، منها يكون تعلم اللغة العربية أداة في فهم التعاليم الإسلامية وكتب التراث الإسلامية كالمعاهد السلفية واتجاه آخر كمهنة ومهارة وفنّ مثل المعاهد المعاصرة. فإن تعليم اللغة العربية بمختلف اتجاهاتها يحتاج إلى إدارة التعليم الجيدة والمناسبة.من حيث التخطيط والتنظيم والتنفيذ والمراقبة. أن يقارن هذا البحث بين الإدارة اللغوية فمعهد كمعهد السلفي ومعهد الأمين كمعهد الخلفي.
\n
\nيهدف هذا البحث على المعرفة تخطيط وتنظيم وتنفيذ ومراقبة برنامج تعليم اللغة العربية في معهد النقاية ومعهد الأمين سومنب مادورا.
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\nومنهج هذا البحث هو من نوع البحث الوصفي بالمدخل الكيفي ودراسة المقارنة. وميدان البحث مركزاللغة في معهد النقاية جولؤ-جولؤ ومعهد الأمين برندوان سومنب مادورا. ومن الأدوات لجمع البيانات:1. المقابلة 2. الملاحظة 3. التوثيق. طريقة تحليل البيانات: تنقيص البيانات أوباختصار البيانات واختيار الأحوال المهمة المطابقة عرض البيانات ثم الاستنباط أوالاستنتاج. 
\n
\nنتائج هذا البحث العلمي : يختلف عملية التخطيط في مركز اللغة بمعهد النقاية والأمين. تخطيط البرامج في مركز اللغة النقاية يجري مستقلاً يعنى تخطيط البرنامج من المرؤوسين إلى الرئيس وأداء البرامج اللغوية يجري بصفة اللامركزية. وتخطيط البرامج في مركز اللغة الأمين يجري غير مستقلاً يعنى جميع البرامج قد صُمّمت بالرأساء أوالمستشار والمرؤوسون تنفيذها. أداء برامجه يجري بصفة مركزية.
\n
\nفى مرحلة التنظيم يستخدم مركزاللغة بمعهد النقاية والأمين الوسائل البسيطة في تعليم اللغة العربية مثل السبورة ومقلمة والمادة المعينة وأحيانا هم يستعملون الأداوات الإلكترونية والمسجلات مثل الكمبيوتر أوالحاسب. ومن حيث هيكل التنظيمي وتصنيف العمل قد قام بهما هذين مركزين اللغة.
\n
\nالنتائج فى مرحلة التنفيذ، من حيث النظام في تنفيذ البرامج اللغوية قد قام به مركز اللغة بمعهد النقاية والأمين. تشجيع المدبرين أوالأعضاء يقوم مركز اللغة في معهد النقاية ومعهد الأمين به باللسان وبهدية. وفى مركز اللغة في معهد النقاية يدخل المسابقة إلى تشجيع الأعضاء والتقويم ولكن في معهد الأمين المسابقة إلى التقويم.لترقية كفائة المعلمين : يرسل مركزاللغة النقاية المبعوث لمشاركة التدريب اللغوى خارج المعهد أوبالتدريب اللغوى الذى يقوم به مركزاللغة المركزى بطبعة المجلة. ومركزاللغة بمعهد الأمين بالدورة المكثفة للمحرك والمحركات اللغة وإعطاء التوجيه مؤقتاً والتعليم النمودج قبل التدريس. 
\n
\nالنتائج فى مرحلة المراقبة يقوم التقويم مركزاللغة بمعهد النقاية بملاحظة وبسؤال إلي مدبرين مركزاللغة لكل منطقة ومن إنتهاء المواد في تدريسيها. والتقويم مركزاللغة بمعهد الأمين بالإجتماع بين محرك الفصول ومسهل الحجرات مع مسؤول مجلس الشورى للمنظمة ومسؤول مركزاللغة. ووهما يستخدمان المسابقات والمسرحية واصدار النشرات اختبار التحريري والشفوى في تقويم البرامج اللغوية.
\n
\nABSTRACT
\n
\nArabic language is very important for muslims as a language of religion, but many students which find it difficult for the study it. This has been challenge for school and boarding school. So language institute must be creates the interesting Arabic Language Program. Every school and educational institutions in Indonesia had been different purposes in the conduct of Arabic language learning, for the example classic boarding school, it's have the purpose of language learning as tool for understanding religion and classic books. It's difference with the purpose of language learning at modern boarding school their purpose as skills, arts and profession. The difference of language learning purpose it takes the good management, from the planning aspect, organizing, actuating and controlling. Therefore this research want to compare management of Arabic Language Program at classic boarding school and modern boarding school. 
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\nThe purposes of this research is in order to know how the planning, organizing, actuating and controlling of language program at At An-Nuqayah And Al-Amien Boarding School Sumenep Madura.
\n
\nThis research is a descriptive study and with a qualitative approach and Comperative Study. The location of this research is at language center of An-Nuqayah And Al-Amien Boarding School Sumenep Madura. The Method of data Collecting is interview, observation and documentation. The method of data analysis is data reduction, triangulation and conclusion.
\n
\nBased on data collected, then the conclusion of this research are :
\n
\n1. The planning : there is a difference between the planning of language center at An-Nuqayah And Al-Amien Boarding School. the planning of An-Nuqayah language center is autonomous and decentralization, it's mean that language center branch have an autonomous rights in creating and implementing of Arabic Language Program, language center didn't conceptualize of Language Program, it's only coordinate of the big program and monitoring of the language development at language center branch. And the planning of language center at Al-Amien Boarding School is non- autonomous and centralization in planning and implementation of language program, it's mean that language center it has been conceptualized the program, lesson and learning method. The language section it's only carry out of program design. 
\n
\n2. The Organizing : a both of that language centers more use a simple media, for the example whiteboard, markers, subject matter etc. But sometimes use electronic tools, for the example tape recorder, computer or laptop in learning the language program. a both of that language centers it has been compiled organizational structure and job description. 
\n
\n3. In the actuating of language program a both of language center has been created a rule which must be adhered to by all members and provide motivation orally to all of staff/ personal and members or materially. But there are differences between a both of them, language center at An-Nuqayah making race and staging as motivation and evaluation to all of members. Whereas language center at Al-Amien making race and staging as evaluation because of the two activities can be known ability of the members. And to improve the ability of the personal, language center at An-Nuqayah delegating the teachers participated in various training off campus or by holding the training in the campus which involving all personal of language center and by publishes magazines or newsletters. Whereas language center at Al-Amien is providing intensive training for mover language, exercise teaching before the implementation of activities and intensive guidance. 
\n
\n4. In the implementation of controlling, language center at An-Nuqayah has been hold controlling by asking for the report from the supervisor of branch and lessons taught. And the controlling implementation of language center at Al-Amien is controlling in every language activities, meeting with all of movers language every classes and rooms. A both of language center used competition, staging, magazine publishing, oral and written exam as evaluation of language activities. 
\n
\nABSTRAK
\n
\nBahasa Arab adalah bahasa yang sangat penting untuk dikuasai oleh kaum muslimin sebagai bahasa agama, tetapi banyak siswa/ mahasiswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam mempelajarinya. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi sekolah ataupun pondok pesantren atau lembaga kebahasaan dituntut untuk membuat kegiatan kebahasaan yang unik dan menarik minat siswa dalam mempelajarinya.
\n
\nSetiap sekolah atau lembaga kebahasaan di Indonesia punya tujuan yang berbeda dalam mengadakan pembelajaran bahasa Arab, seperti pondok pesantren salaf tujuan pembelajaran bahasa sebagai alat untuk memahami ajaran agama dan kitab-kitab klasik. Lain halnya dengan tujuan pembelajaran bahasa di pondok pesantren modern, tujuan mereka belajar bahasa Arab sebagai keterampilan, seni atau profesi. Keragaman tujuan tersebut membutuhkan manajemen yang bagus dan sesuai, baik dari segi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasannya. Maka dari itu penelitian ini ingin membandingkan manajemen kegiatan kebahasaan di pondok pesantren salaf dan modern.
\n
\nTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan kegiatan kebahasaan di pondok pesantren An-Nuqayah dan Al-Amien Sumenep Madura. 
\n
\nPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan studi komparatif. Sedangkan lokasi penelitiannya di Markazul Lughah pondok pesantren An-Nuqayah Guluk-Guluk dan Al-Amien Prenduan Sumenep Madura. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode analisisnya menggunakan reduksi data, triangulasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. 
\n
\nBerdasarkan data yang terkumpul, maka kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :
\n
\n1. Dari segi perencanaan, ada perbedaan diantara keduanya. Markazul Lughah Pondok pesantren An-Nuqayah besifat Otonom dan desentralisai dalam merencanakan program dan pelaksanaannya. Yaitu markazul Lughah perdaerah punya hak otonom dalam membuat dan melaksanakan kegiatan kebahasaan, Markazul Lughah pusat tidak mengkonsep kegitan, hanya mengkoordinir kegiatan besar dan memantau perkembangan tiap daerah. Sedangkan Markazul Lughah Pondok pesantren Al-Amien bersifat non-otonom dan sentralisasi dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatannya. Artinya Markazul Lughah pusat sudah mengkonsep semua kegiatan, materi serta metode pembelajarannya, bagian kebahasaan perdaerah hanya melaksanakan rancangan tersebut. 
\n
\n2. Dari aspek pengorganisasian, kedua markazul lughah lebih banyak menggunakan media sederhana seperti papan tulis, spodol, materi dan sebaginya. Namun kadang-kadang menggunakan alat elektronik seperti alat perekam, computer atau laptop dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Dari struktur organisasi dan metode kerja keduanya sudah merancang dan menyusunnya.
\n
\n
\n3. Dalam pelaksanaan

Open access
Arabic Language Education Studies
Education and Islamic Studies
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2015·Экономика и предпринимательство
0 cites
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ КРИПТОВАЛЮТЫ BITCOIN

Н Б Панченко

В статье рассматриваются особенности использования криптивалюты Bitcoin. Де тально описывается процесс «майнинга», процесс генерирования биткоина. Также дается характери стика особенностей, положительных и отрицательных сторон функционирования данной валюты.

Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2015·广州大学学报:社会科学版
0 cites
从“互动问答”看网民的价值判断力与道德责任感

li yuan hong

“互动问答”平台的蓬勃发展,恰好契合即将来临的“Web3 . 0 时代”的发展趋势,并具有开放、包容及能够更好地满足个性化需求等基本特征.基于“以用户为中心”的内容生成机制,网民对于“互动问答”平台的参与,实际上可看作是一个“主动显示偏好”的过程.为此,文章以一个非官方的问答平台统计结果为例,对网民的参与行为、表达内容与态度倾向等进行讨论和分析,并结合当前的互联网治理与网络舆论引导,给出了正确认识和有效增强网民价值判断力与道德责任感的若干建议:一要正确认识和合理评判网民群体与网络文化及其影响力;二要以有血有肉的榜样人物和事例来引导年轻化的网民群体;三是网络舆论的调控应以构建全方位沟通与互动格局为前提;四应建立健全全民参与网络社区的激励机制和控制机制.

Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Dec 9, 2014·Automation technological and business processes
0 cites
ЦИФРОВАЯ ВАЛЮТА BITCOIN

В. В. Приян

В статье рассматривается цифровая виртуальная интернет валюта Bitcoin, ее общие понятия и участие в мировой экономике

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2014·Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики
0 cites
Виртуальная валюта Bitcoin

Л М Савченко, А Г Юзаева, Т Н Афанасьева

No abstract is available for this record.

Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Mar 20, 2013·Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
0 cites
中小企業金融における中国の商業銀行の政策対応とその限界

立君 范

This paper aims to investigate the measures taken by Chinese commercial banks to deal with the financial difficulties facing small businesses, based on the case study on the decentralized lending system of “SanBaoYiGua”. About the problem of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, before 2003, although the central financial institution took policy measures, such as reform to Credit Cooperatives, encouraging construction and maintenance of small business credit guarantee system, they did not pay attention to the role of State Owned Bank in small and medium-sized credit market. After 2003, the most typical policy measure that State Owned Commercial Bank took for small business lending is the decentralized lending system of “SanBaoYiGua”. After considering the effects and limitations of lending system of “SanBaoYiGua”, this paper clarifies the reason why the lending system of “SanBaoYiGua” was not able to play prearranged role in small business credit market by focusing the relationship-lending. Finally, this paper gives a policy proposal for solving the problem in conclusion.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Mar 30, 2011·Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
0 cites
自律分散型組織の統合化--前川製作所の「一社化」を事例として

千佳子 信夫, Chikako Shinobu, 桃山学院大学経営学部

In fast-changing business environments, there are companies that have developed autonomous decentralized organizations for better adaptability and productivity. The company split-up and the line company system are typical methods for this, and are widely adapted in business communities. There are problems, however, on how to coordinate decentralized, autonomous divisions. Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd, that has been acknowledged as a model case of autonomous decentralized organizations, started to try to unify the total Mayekawa Group three years ago. Based on their experiences, an investigation is made on why a change from decentralization to integration is needed, and on how it has been done. Through this study of Group Unification" of Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd, six principles for integration of an autonomous decentralized organization would be revealed, namely, clear definition of business territories, total standardization of skills and knowledge, reinforcement of specialization, systematization of organic networks, mutual aids within the community, and sharing of perceptions of all members. These principles seem to be effective for autonomous decentralized organizations to improve productivity through better coordination within themselves, as well as superior adaptability to environmental changes. A comparison with Kyocera Corporation, another famous case of autonomous decentralization, would give us some more supporting evidences.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source
Mar 1, 2008·Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
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日本の大企業(東証一部上場企業)の収益性に関する長期時系列分析(1960年代〜1990年代) : 使用総資本事業利益率の観点から

浩充 武見

It is thought that the corporations bear excessive debt in 1980s, leading to the bubble, and it burst in 1990s. An example of the proof is the bad debt problem of the banking sector. If the amount of debt was excessive, a corporation should have excessive assets, and which would impair its profitability, ie, impaired efficient use of capital employed. The issue has been studied from many aspects such as macro economic condition, character of the financial markets, etc. Also, there have been many researches on cost of capital with respect to corporate governance. Yonezawa and Matsuura (2000) said retained earnings had not been efficiently used in the light of dividend policy. Miyagawa, Arikawa and Saito (2001) said free cash flows had been used for low return projects in the comparative study on the oil shock and the bubble period. On the other hand, Fukushima (2003) said as far as ex-post returns were concerned, they sufficed to the expectation of investors. Takemi (2005) suggested it was wrong to say that 1990s was the only period to see the impaired profitability and its tendency could date back to 1970s. And as a whole industry, the increase in labor costs had surpassed the increase in productivity. From the view of stake holders, equity holders had aided employees financially for a long period of time. Miyanaga (2002), whose attention was to labor costs, has the same conclusion. Analysis tool of this paper is return on capital employed. The reason is as follows; it is a hybrid measure of assets turn-over, relating to cost of capital, and operating profit ratio to sales, relating to expense control on labor costs. And it leads to present the strategic character of Japanese corporations.

Open access
Military Technology and Strategies
Legal and Regulatory Analysis
Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
Original source