Materi ini membahas kerangka penilaian kehalalan aset kripto menurut pendekatan Muhammadiyah dengan menekankan pemisahan antara teknologi blockchain sebagai infrastruktur dan aset kripto sebagai objek transaksi. Kripto diposisikan sebagai harta (mÄl mutaqawwÄm) sehingga hukum asal pemanfaatannya adalah mubah muqayyad, yaitu boleh tetapi terikat syarat-syarat syariah. Kehalalan transaksi kripto ditopang oleh dua pilar utama, yakni keabsahan objek dan kehalalan mekanisme transaksi. Pada sisi objek, aset dinilai layak apabila memiliki fungsi nyata, seperti penyimpanan nilai, utilitas, tata kelola, atau dukungan terhadap infrastruktur teknologi; sebaliknya, aset yang terkait ekosistem haram, skema penipuan, perjudian, atau token tanpa utilitas yang murni spekulatif dinilai tidak memenuhi syarat. Pada sisi mekanisme, transaksi spot atas aset yang halal pada dasarnya dibolehkan, sedangkan futures, margin, leverage, short selling, pump-and-dump, dan crypto lending berbasis imbal hasil tetap dipandang bermasalah karena mengandung unsur riba, gharar, maysir, atau penjualan atas barang yang tidak dimiliki. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa beberapa praktik Web3 memerlukan pembedaan hukum yang lebih rinci, seperti liquidity providing, staking pools, native validator staking, dan airdrop, yang statusnya bergantung pada struktur akad, sumber imbalan, serta substansi aktivitas yang difasilitasi. Pada akhirnya, materi ini menegaskan pentingnya literasi, kehati-hatian, dan kepatuhan terhadap hukum negara dalam aktivitas kripto, termasuk pembatasan penggunaan kripto sebagai alat pembayaran. Kata kunci: aset kripto, hukum Islam, Muhammadiyah, Web3, DeFi, staking, transaksi syariah
Riyan Yusuf Octafia, Amalia Nur Chasanah, Usman Usman, Bara Zaretta
This study aims to analyze the influence of the Bitcoin economy on the money supply (M1) in Indonesia, with Bitcoin volatility as an intervening variable. Using a quantitative approach, the data consists of 36 monthly time-series observations from 2022 to 2024. Data analysis techniques include regression analysis adjusted with the Prais-Winsten method to address autocorrelation issues, the Sobel test for mediation analysis, and path analysis. The results indicate that the Bitcoin economy has a direct, positive, and significant effect on the money supply (M1) in Indonesia. However, the Bitcoin economy was found to have a negative and non-significant effect on Bitcoin volatility. Similarly, Bitcoin volatility exerts a negative but non-significant influence on the money supply (M1). The Sobel test results prove that Bitcoin volatility does not function as an intervening variable mediating the relationship between the Bitcoin economy and the money supply (M1). These findings suggest that while the expansion of the Bitcoin ecosystem encourages an increase in domestic monetary liquidity, the price fluctuations of digital assets have not yet become a transmission channel that significantly disrupts the stability of national monetary aggregates.
In blockchain ecosystems, maintaining transparency and privacy has become an ethical dilemma. This is because, while certain specific information of the user is shared to ensure transparency of transactions across networks, such information could be detrimental to the user, as there is a possibility of it being tampered with. For instance, in the Catalyst voting process in Cardano, users can still see the amount of ADA tokens being held by other users, which can influence their voting options, especially when large ADA holders vote in support of certain ideas or proposals. To discourage such challenges as voter manipulation and vote buying, this study proposed the implementation of zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) in blockchain ecosystems to enhance the transparency of the catalyst voting process and enhance efficiency and speed of result release. Using survey questionnaire and a multivocal literature review, this study was able to proof that ZKP cannot only be applied in the catalyst voting process to enhance its transparency, but also addressed potential challenges to its applications such as scalability, encourage trust and fairness of the voting system, and improve voter participation due to its user-friendliness. Mathematical models emphasize scaled voting as optimal for balancing inclusion and plutocratic control.
The security and integrity of medical record data is a crucial issue in the era of healthcare service digitalization. Traditional systems still face risks of manipulation, information leaks, and issues with interoperability between healthcare institutions. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address this issue thanks to its features of decentralization, openness, and difficulty in modification. One consensus method that can be applied is Proof of Work (PoW), which has proven to maintain the authenticity of transactions on a distributed network. This research aims to design and evaluate a blockchain-based medical record application using the PoW consensus algorithm to ensure the security, transparency, and reliability of medical data storage. The approach used is experimental, involving the development of a blockchain-based application prototype. The PoW algorithm is applied to ensure the validity of medical record data transactions. The evaluation was conducted by measuring the security aspect (resistance to data changes), performance (time to verify transactions), and scalability (number of transactions that can be handled). The results of the experiment show that implementing PoW in a medical record system can maintain data integrity with a high level of resistance to unauthorized changes. The average time for transaction verification is 2.4 seconds per block, with the ability to handle up to 150 transactions per minute. Although the performance of PoW requires significant computational resources, the level of security it offers suggests potential for implementation in larger healthcare systems. The application of blockchain with the PoW algorithm to medical records has proven to improve the security and transparency of medical information. This research successfully met the established objectives, although computational efficiency issues still need to be addressed. Further research is suggested to explore other consensus algorithms such as Proof of Stake (PoS) or Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) to improve performance without sacrificing security aspects. Keywords: Blockchain, Electronic Health Records (EHR), Proof of Work (PoW), Smart Contract, Healthcare Information System
Traditional paper-based voting system for student organization leaders election has issues related to security, transparency, and trust. This research addressed these issues by implementing a blockchain on e-voting system utilizing smart contracts to ensure the security and transparency of the voting process. The system was developed using the agile software development life cycle (SDLC) methodology and was tested using black-box and system usability scale (SUS) method to evaluate its functionality and usability. Security testing was conducted through unit testing on the smart contract and block verification within the Sepolia network. The results showed that the decentralized e-voting system could prevent vote manipulation and detecting duplicate voters, as evidenced by the unit testing of the smart contract, which confirmed that recorded votes could not be manipulated and attempts to submit multiple votes were detected and rejected. Meanwhile, system transparency was demonstrated through direct verification using a block explorer, showing that the entire voting process and the smart contract code were publicly accessible and transparent. The system was successfully simulated on a small scale within a student organization, and usability testing using the SUS method was conducted with 30 respondents. The test resulted in a score of 72 points, indicating that the system was in the good category and was well accepted by users. Therefore, the decentralized approach in this e-voting system has been proven to enhance transparency and overcome the problems of security issues in the voting process.
The rapid growth of digital technologies has encouraged organizations to adopt management systems that prioritize transparency, security, and efficiency. Blockchain has emerged as a transformative innovation capable of reshaping conventional management processes through its decentralized and tamper-resistant architecture. This study analyzes the implementation of blockchain in enhancing transparency and security within management systems. A literature review approach was used to examine recent scholarly publications related to blockchain applications across various organizational settings. The findings indicate that blockchain significantly improves data integrity, prevents fraud, and strengthens accountability through distributed ledgers, cryptographic mechanisms, and smart contracts. However, challenges such as scalability limitations, infrastructure readiness, regulatory uncertainties, and limited technical literacy remain major obstacles. This study concludes that blockchain presents substantial benefits, but its effective implementation requires a comprehensive and strategic approach to ensure organizational readiness and long-term sustainability.
The recent trends in the development of digital financial services have increased the demand for efficient protection of banking transactions and information. This empirical research aims to study how the blockchain revolution has impacted on the improvement of security and efficiency of banking operations. Conducting the research at the secondary level, the study relies on validated sources of data to establish the degree of impact of blockchain by means of econometric modeling on finance data security. The findings show that blockchain adoption leads to better security outcomes, including decreased fraud rates, increased compliance, and increased efficiency. This paper employs theoretical frameworks, including distributed ledger technology (DLT) and practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) to carry out the evaluation and hence provide an appreciation of how blockchain is revolutionizing the financial industry. The findings of this research will be useful to institutions to implement blockchain as the foundation for safe and efficient banking solutions required by the digital world.
Permissionless Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain networks must demonstrate security and dependability as blockchain technology evolves. This research analyzes the ongoing need for a way to identify and eradicate rogue nodes inside such networks, also to advocate for the real-time rogue nodeâs identification in PoS blockchain networks by the application of neural network methodologies, particularly random neural networks. Experimental results indicate the ability of the developed model in differentiating legitimate blockchain nodes from malicious ones. The dataset in this paper is divided into two groups- malicious (Permissionless Proof-Of-Stake Blockchains) and non-malicious; this dataset is crucial for anyone interested in blockchain. The dataset includes details of the creation and validation of the PoS blocks. The paper aims to detect malicious nodes, analyze node behavior, and enhance security on PoS permissionless blockchains through data visualization. This paper shows the performance and process of the random neural network to refine and learn and then recognize the permissionless blockchain (malicious nodes) from the dataset of Proof-of-Stake Blockchain. We selected 100 records from the original dataset to examine them with our proposal. After analyzing the results, we found clearly how the proposal algorithm works properly with the proposed dataset to achieve fine accuracy and efficiency in the work to distinguish benign nodes from malicious (permission-less blockchain) nodes. This is the result of refining and learning the dataset using the random neural network for 340 instances, coming from the neural learning of 100 instances and 21 variables: [15 features: BlockHeight, UnixTimestamp, TxnFee (ETH), Block Generation Rate, TxnFee (Binary), Status (Tags), Stake Reward, Txnsize, Coin Days, Coin Age, Coin Stake, Stake Distribution Rate, Block Density, Block Score, Coin Day Weight) + 5 meta (node label, neural network, neural network0, neural network1, fold, selected) + no missing value), by two attributes: (node label, block score), two classes(0 non-malicious nodes,1 malicious nodes).
This study develops a blockchain-enabled framework to improve educational administration data sharing by addressing persistent challenges related to data silos, security risks, trust deficits, and inefficient approval workflows that hinder cross-institutional collaboration. The approach examines the alignment between blockchain capabilities and data-sharing requirements and designs a consortium-chain implementation pathway that integrates distributed ledgers, smart contracts, encryption, and dynamic authorization across both standardized and emerging scenarios. A multi-province pilot involving 40 institutions was conducted to evaluate impacts on efficiency, security, and user trust. The results demonstrate an 89% reduction in processing time, near-zero internal tampering, substantial decreases in error rates, and significant improvements in perceived data credibility and clarity of rights and responsibilities. These findings indicate that blockchain can function as a foundational trust infrastructure, supporting the development of secure, accountable, and scalable educational data ecosystems.
It is an exploration of a decentralized social media platform, which uses blockchain and Web3 technologies to scale up privacy, security, and trust within users. The architecture uses Next.js as the front-end, solido as the smart contracts, IPFS as a distributed storage, and Web3.js to connect with the blockchain. It introduces canonical social-networking features, including user registration, content upload, like, comment and share. Notably, it keeps ownership of data to users, unlike the traditional centralized social-media platforms. The irreversibility of blockchain together with encryption makes sure that the content cannot be altered and the information about users is not at risk of unauthorized access. The system eliminates the possibility of exploiting the central level of control and increases the level of transparency. The performance appraisals indicate that the suggested platform provides better privacy, higher data security, and user agency than the mainstream networks. However, the issues of scalability and mass user adoption are still present, and the research should be further developed. This paper highlights how blockchain will reinvent social media, creating a just, transparent, and user-centric digital economy. Altogether, the study advances the discussion on decentralized social networks and demonstrates that blockchain can improve the level of trust and data protection in the process of online communication.
Iman Kusnadi, Catharina Badra Nawangpalupi, Carles` Sitompul
The Proof of Delivery (POD) document is essential for confirming the receipt of products and facilitating invoice generation in logistics operations. The persistent reliance on physical papers results in inefficiencies, including document loss, verification delays, and restricted visibility. This research introduces a blockchain technology-based smart contract POD system designed to enhance operational transparency, security, and efficiency. A case study at an Indonesian logistics company evaluates the transition from a manual to a digital Proof of Delivery (POD) process through prototype development and field trials. Essential findings indicate that blockchain facilitates unalterable, instantaneous documentation and verification, whereas smart contracts streamline multi-phase validation processes. The suggested approach decreases verification time from 20 days to mere minutes, mitigates human error, and enhances invoice precision. The prototype of a smart contract application suggests faster processing times and lower costs per transaction, among other benefits. Errors of inputs are also reduces, indicating a significant boost in data accuracy.
Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mentransformasi praktik akuntansi secara fundamental, memperluas perannya dari sekadar sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan menjadi instrumen strategis dalam pengambilan keputusan keuangan. Seiring dengan meningkatnya volume dan kompleksitas literatur mengenai akuntansi digital, diperlukan pemetaan sistematis untuk memahami struktur intelektual, tema penelitian utama, serta arah perkembangan bidang ini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan lanskap penelitian digital accounting dalam financial decision making menggunakan pendekatan bibliometrik. Data penelitian diperoleh dari publikasi terindeks Scopus dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik pemetaan bibliometrik melalui analisis kemunculan bersama kata kunci, jejaring penulis, institusi, dan negara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa decision making merupakan tema sentral yang menghubungkan berbagai klaster penelitian, dengan fondasi kuat pada sistem informasi akuntansi dan manajemen informasi. Selain itu, terdapat pergeseran signifikan menuju topik-topik mutakhir seperti artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, automation, dan decentralized finance, yang menandai transformasi akuntansi digital menuju sistem prediktif dan real-time. Analisis kolaborasi juga mengungkap sifat global dan multidisipliner dari penelitian ini, meskipun beberapa tema seperti keberlanjutan dan teknologi emerging masih relatif kurang dieksplorasi. Temuan studi ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual dengan menyajikan gambaran komprehensif evolusi riset digital accounting serta memberikan implikasi praktis dan agenda riset masa depan bagi akademisi dan praktisi dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan keuangan yang lebih efektif di era digital.
Ensuring the integrity and efficiency of academic record verification has become increasingly important for modern educational institutions. This study presents a blockchain-powered verification system specifically designed for confirming the credentials of graduated students from Mekelle University. By integrating Ethereum blockchain with GraphQL APIs, the system enhances transparency and reliability in the verification process. The universityâs existing system, built with Ruby on Rails, lacked automated verification, relied heavily on centralized control, and was prone to delays and potential data tampering. To overcome these issues, a decentralized application (DApp) was developed using various tools, including Ethers.js, Node.js, Ganache, Apollo Server, GraphQL, and React. This application enables the secure submission and retrieval of student records through Ethereum smart contracts. Data can be uploaded via CSV files or manually entered through forms, and each record is retrievable using a unique student ID, ensuring data immutability and public verifiability. Stakeholder feedback was gathered through interviews, and thematic analysis was used to assess the systemâs usability, scalability, and trustworthiness. Findings showed strong support for the blockchain-based system, with over 90% of participants agreeing that it improves transparency and reduces the risk of credential fraud. This research demonstrates a feasible bridge between traditional university information systems and decentralized technologies, highlighting both the practicality and institutional readiness for adopting blockchain in higher education.
This study explores the impact of Bitcoin on the Indonesian banking sector, emphasizing both the innovative opportunities and the challenges it presents. The research highlights Bitcoin's potential to enhance financial inclusion and drive technological growth while also identifying significant hurdles such as regulatory issues, security risks, and market volatility. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study provides a nuanced analysis of Bitcoin's dual role as both a beneficial and threatening force within the financial landscape. It categorizes research variables into dependent, independent, and control groups to better understand their interactions and influence on traditional banking systems. The paper identifies a critical gap in existing literature regarding Bitcoin's specific effects on Indonesian banking operations, offering an empirical foundation for future research. The findings underscore the evolving regulatory frameworks and Bitcoin's complex role in the banking sector, highlighting the need for strategic management and careful regulation to harness its potential benefits while mitigating associated risks.
Abstract Achieving blockchain interoperability is a complex process for many organisations seeking to use the technology to augment business processes. The novelty of blockchain technology introduces new challenges that cannot be effectively addressed with contemporary interoperability approaches, and blockchain-centric interoperability tools, methods, and frameworks that support organisations are scarce. Therefore, there is a need for blockchain-specific frameworks and solutions to be developed. This study addresses this gap by exploring blockchain interoperability from an enterprise perspective. The study adopted the design science research approach and was informed by multiple data collection points, including systematic literature reviews, qualitative interviews with blockchain experts, and industry webinars. The research, underpinned by the General Systems Theory, developed and evaluated a blockchain interoperability framework within the context of the banking industry. The results emphasised the importance of a clear blockchain use case, understanding the goal for adopting blockchain, and defining the scope of interoperability, understanding systems, data, and compliance with regulatory frameworks as key elements that inform the blockchain interoperability approach. The study makes a theoretical and practical contribution through the comprehensive Enterprise Blockchain Interoperability (EBI) framework and guidelines. The EBI framework can be used as a guide and reference point for blockchain practitioners and organisations to guide the decisions regarding the process of interoperating blockchain technology with existing organisational processes and systems. The EBI framework and design guidelines were evaluated and validated by blockchain experts, pointing to their utility for enterprises that are considering integrating blockchain systems.
Muh. Rafianto, Erick Irawadi Alwi, St. Hajrah Mansyur
Sistem identitas digital konvensional seringkali bergantung pada otoritas terpusat yang rentan terhadap kebocoran data dan manipulasi. Komunitas Developer Student Club Universitas Muslim Indonesia (DSC UMI) memerlukan mekanisme verifikasi keanggotaan yang kredibel, aman, dan menjaga privasi pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem identitas digital terdesentralisasi yang terintegrasi penuh pada platform Android menggunakan teknologi blockchain dan Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) yang merujuk pada seluruh logika sistem, termasuk interaksi blockchain dan kriptografi, yang diproses secara mandiri pada sisi klien (backendless) tanpa ketergantungan pada server perantara. Metode pengembangan menerapkan pendekatan Minimum Viable Product (MVP) dengan arsitektur mobile-first. Sistem dibangun berbasis Android native menggunakan bahasa Kotlin yang diintegrasikan dengan jaringan Polygon Amoy Testnet melalui pustaka Web3j. Autentikasi memanfaatkan sensor biometrik lokal untuk membangkitkan bukti kriptografis berbasis hash SHA-256 tanpa menyimpan data mentah di server. Hasil pengujian white box menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi berhasil menghubungkan dompet digital MetaMask, memvalidasi logika anti-duplikasi pada Smart Contract, dan secara otomatis menerbitkan Soulbound Token (NFT) sebagai tanda keanggotaan yang sah. Kesimpulannya, integrasi blockchain pada perangkat bergerak terbukti efektif menghadirkan identitas digital yang berdaulat (Self-Sovereign Identity), transparan, dan dapat diaudit (auditable) tanpa mengorbankan privasi data anggota komunitas.
Ni Wayan Lasmi, Ni Kadek Ayu Puspita Dewi, Ni Putu Nina Eka Lestari, Ni Ketut Arniti
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi promosi Bitcoin yang diterapkan oleh pelaku industri aset kripto, khususnya Indodax dan edukator kripto seperti Timothy Ronald, dalam mengatasi ketidakpercayaan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap aset kripto. Ketidakpercayaan ini masih menjadi hambatan besar dalam proses adopsi Bitcoin, terutama disebabkan oleh rendahnya literasi keuangan digital, kekhawatiran terhadap keamanan investasi, serta stigma negatif yang melekat akibat fluktuasi harga dan pemberitaan media yang tidak selalu objektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang memungkinkan peneliti memahami secara mendalam persepsi, pengalaman, serta strategi komunikasi yang diterapkan dalam promosi Bitcoin. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa kategori informan, yaitu pengguna aktif Indodax, pengguna baru yang terdorong oleh fear of missing out (FOMO), masyarakat yang masih skeptis terhadap Bitcoin, serta karyawan dari Indodax. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan observasi konten media sosial dan edukasi yang disampaikan oleh influencer kripto sebagai bentuk dokumentasi promosi. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi proses reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi yang efektif tidak hanya bergantung pada iklan atau kampanye visual semata, melainkan lebih menekankan pada edukasi berkelanjutan dan peningkatan literasi keuangan masyarakat. Penyampaian informasi yang sederhana, jujur, serta berbasis pada pengalaman nyata pengguna terbukti dapat membangun kepercayaan publik. Pendekatan edukatif yang dilakukan melalui media sosial, video interaktif, webinar, dan kolaborasi dengan influencer terbukti mampu mengubah persepsi negatif menjadi ketertarikan, terutama di kalangan generasi muda. Dengan demikian, edukasi menjadi kunci utama dalam meningkatkan minat dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap penggunaan Bitcoin di Indonesia.
The widespread adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) as mission-critical digital infrastructures in higher education has introduced significant security and trust challenges. While centralized LMS architectures provide operational efficiency, they remain structurally vulnerable to insider threats, silent database compromise, mutable audit logs, and credential forgery. Existing blockchain-based research in education has largely focused on certificate authentication and transcript portability, leaving internal LMS integrity and enterprise-grade threat mitigation insufficiently addressed. This paper proposes a blockchain-enabled audit extension architecture for LMS environments, designed to enhance assessment integrity, traceability, and institutional trust without replacing existing platforms. Building upon a formal threat model tailored to LMS infrastructures, we derive security requirements including immutability, non-repudiation, auditability, confidentiality, and trust separation. To satisfy these requirements, we introduce a permissioned distributed ledger layer based on Hyperledger Fabric, operating alongside the institutional Information System. The architecture employs event-based transaction modeling, identity-bound cryptographic signatures, distributed endorsement policies, and minimal on-chain storage through hash anchoring of sensitive data. A proof-of-concept implementation within a controlled institutional test network demonstrates the feasibility of recording grade submission and modification events as append-only ledger transactions. The prototype validates distributed validation, identity attribution via Certification Authority infrastructure, and tamper-evident audit logging using a Raftbased ordering service and CouchDB world state management. The results indicate that integrating a permissioned blockchain layer can significantly strengthen enterprise security posture by mitigating structural weaknesses inherent in centralized LMS systems. Although the current deployment remains limited in scale, the proposed model establishes a scalable foundation for secure, verifiable digital education infrastructures and future large-scale institutional integration.
The remarkable progression of blockchain technology on the edge of the fourth industrial revolution will require new economic and organisational structures to achieve sustainable growth in every sector, especially in banking and finance. Blockchain technology in Industry 4.0 revitalises technological adaptation and illuminates the global banking industry with the high potential value of cryptocurrency, secure protocols, and distributed ledger technology. The research objective of the study is to overview the industrial revolution, blockchain technology in Industry 4.0, and the implementation challenges of the banking and finance industry. This study examines the understanding of technological advancement in industrial penetration that empowers a complete digital transformation of traditional banking services by integrating blockchain. The systematic literature review results highlight the blockchain technology implementation challenges and the benefits of the emerging technologies in Industry 4.0. Understanding the technological revolution would enable bankers to implement industrial-based blockchain applications for transparent, secure, and fast transactions.
Virtual currencies are banned by conventional banks of various countries, on the basis of their anonymity and because they employ a distributed ledger with zero supervision by a central authority. Digital currencies are, in fact, based upon an open distributed ledger system in which a public key (user's address and current balance) is not hidden from other users of block chain system. Additionally, a distributed ledger synchronises the data of its transactional records on every user location, hence no central system can be hacked (contrary to conventional banking systems). Islam provides the idea of social justice, and a currency that is backed with a reference material of good value, since our currency depends on government backing (can lose all of its value any day, if the government choose to take such action). Additionally, Islam prohibits any âGhararâ which means uncertainty, transactions dependent upon future outcomes, high-risk involvement and âMaysirâ (gambling- game of chance). Digital currencies exhibit both âGhararâ and âMaysirâ, but can be deemed fit under the Islamic principles if they use gold as a reference material. In past, Islamic instances show the use of 4.25 gm of gold as a dinar and 3 gm of silver as a dirham. A digital currency of OneGram coin is a perfect recommendation in this case, since each Onegram coin is backed with Onegram of gold and it donates 2.5% to charity from every 1% generated through each transaction. It is recommended that Islamic banks can provide some supervision to a currency like Onegram coin, and distributed ledgers can be stored in various Islamic banks and also at different locations of users all around the world, hence increasingthe security of viable banking transactions through cryptographic encryptions.
This study introduces a blockchain-based system for digital identification and verification of educational documents in Pakistan. The solution tackles ongoing issues like document fraud, slow manual verification, lack of transparency, and poor interoperability among institutions. The system uses the Ethereum blockchain for smart contracts as well as IPFS for decentralized storage to provide secure, tamper-proof, and highly efficient access to academic records. A prototype with a simple web interface that was user-friendly was designed for students, institutions, and recruiters. The questionnaire USE was used to assess usability and 204 respondents claimed to have high satisfaction with ease of use, learnability, usefulness, and overall experience. The system not only saves the organizations of the administrative overhead but also inspires stakeholders to trust digital means and at the same time, the paperless process of environmental exposure ultimately leads to sustainability. By making use of the most up-to-date technology, it deals with historic issues in the educational systems. The findings of the study underscore the potential of the blockchain in the transformation of educational document verification in least developed areas whereby global academic ecosystems can scale up become transparent, affordable, and reliable.
In the digital age, Bitcoin remains the first and most notable cryptocurrency. Over the years, its value has increased, making it a desirable digital asset with millions of enthusiasts who trade and invest daily. Bitcoin is highly volatile in comparison with traditional assets and in absolute terms. Understanding its volatility history helps investors decide whether to buy, sell, or hold. A mathematical model that accounts for volatility is essential for these decisions. Unfortunately, Bitcoinâs vast profit potential for investors comes with the dilemma of its negative impact on global environmental health, which needs serious attention. This study aims to model Bitcoinâs return volatility that can support investment decisions and, on the other hand, the negative impact of Bitcoin mining and outline the actions necessary to mitigate it.