The following article sums up the current problems of the logistics and explains how the Blockchain technology can help to solve some of them. A utility value analysis is used to quantify the scenarios the Blockchain is most likely to be used in. This offers a result that, in comparison to current research, does not only show the opportunities but also how likely they are to be used in these sections. In the next step these scenarios are compared with each other. These results lead to a outlook to potential applications of the Blockchain technology in the logistics.
Nghia Duong‐Trung, Xuan Son, Tan Tai, Phuong Ngoc Nam · 8 authors
To date, cash on delivery (COD) is one of the most popular payment methods in developing countries thanks to the blossom of customer-to-customer e-commerce. With the widespread of a very small business model and the Internet, online shopping has become part of people’s daily activity. People browse for desirable products at the comfort of their homes and ask the online vendor that a shipper can deliver the merchandise at their doorstep. Then, COD allows customers to pay in cash when the product is delivered to their desired location. Since customers receive goods before making a payment, COD is, therefore, considered as a payment system. However, the crucial issue that previous research has not yet addressed is that their models only support single delivering session at a time. More precisely, if the current buyer is not available to receive the goods, the shipper has to wastefully wait for the complete payment and he/she cannot start shipping another merchandise. The tracking system seems to poorly handle this issue. In particular, we propose a multi-session mechanism, which consists of blockchain technology, smart contracts and hyperledger fabric platform to achieve distributed and transparent across delivering sessions in the decentralized markets. Our proposed mechanism ensure the efficiency of delivering process. The authors release our sources codes for further reproducibility and development. We conclude that the integration of multi-session mechanism and blockchain technology will cause significant efficiency across several disciplines.
The issues in charging guiding for electric vehicles are meaningful studies in recent years, especially for electric taxis which need to be recharged during working hours. However, with the popularity of taxi-booking apps, how to obtain an effective charging guiding for taxis having advance orders becomes an urgent problem to be solved. To optimize various special interests while satisfying the constraints of online advance orders, a charging guiding strategy based on consortium blockchain is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a taxi charging guiding architecture based on consortium blockchain is designed, and an improved practical byzantine fault tolerance algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of charging information disconnection and trust between multiple charging station operators. Secondly, we establish the charging guiding model for electric taxis based on multi-objective optimization. The model aims to meet the constraints of online advance orders, maximize passengers' satisfaction and operators' service efficiency, and minimize the charging costs of taxis. Finally, the optimization model is solved by quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed guiding strategy, main urban areas of a city are taken as examples for simulation. The results show that the proposed strategy has increased the passengers' satisfaction by 0.44%, and has decreased the expense cost, the time cost and distance cost by 2.38%, 5.72%, and 17.25% respectively, comparing with PSO based strategy while balancing the utilization of charging equipment.
In this chapter, we will broadly learn how airlines and global distribution systems (GDS) work and how the entire ecosystem can be greatly benefited by engaging with Corda distributed ledger technology (DLT).
In this chapter, you will learn how the Corda distributed ledger can be used to cut downtime, cost, and middlemanship in vehicle insurance workflows, bringing transparency and expediting business processes.
The next generation of vehicles will be autonomous, connected, electric, and intelligent with distinct requirements such as high mobility, low latency, real-time applications, seamless connectivity, and security. Blockchain can provide a good solution to the issue of secure message dissemination or secure information sharing in vehicular networks with a weak trust relationship among the nodes. In this paper, we investigate the design of a regional blockchain for VANETs, where the blockchain is shared among nodes in a geographically bounded area. We investigate how to design the regional blockchain while achieving a low 51% attack success probability. We derive a condition that guarantees a low 51% attack success probability in terms of the numbers of good nodes and malicious nodes, the message delivery time, and the puzzle computation time. The condition can provide a useful guideline for selection of several control parameters guaranteeing the stable operation of the blockchain. We run several simulations to show the validity of the condition and investigate the effects of various parameters on the 51% attack success probability. Our analysis and simulation results show that maintaining a low message delivery time for good nodes is very important in protecting the stability of the blockchain system.
This paper investigates how mobility affects the performance of a blockchain system operating in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The mobility of nodes incurs a unique challenge to a blockchain system due to continuous change and dynamicity in the connectivity of the nodes. Specifically, the mobility makes a proof-of-work (PoW) process difficult since while moving the nodes can only have a limited length of time for a “rendezvous” to exchange a new block for verification. For this reason, accurate modeling for the block exchange behavior in a VANET is also challenging, which nevertheless has not been discussed in previous studies. Therefore, this paper provides an analysis framework that formulates the impact of mobility on a blockchain system's performance in a VANET based on three key metrics: (i) the probability of a successful addition of block to the chain; (ii) the stability of a rendezvous, and; (iii) the number of blocks exchanged during a rendezvous. The closed-form expressions and numerical results display the performance of a blockchain system in various scenarios in a VANET.
This paper presents an efficient solution for the booking and payments functionality of a car sharing system that allows individuals to share their personal, underused cars in a completely decentralized manner, annulling the need of an intermediary. Our solution, named SC2Share, leverages smart contracts and uses them to carry out secure and private car booking and payments. Our experiments on SC2Share on the Ethereum testnet guarantee high security and privacy to its users and confirm that our system is cost-efficient and ready for practical use.
Haiqing Liu, Yan Zhang, Shiqiang Zheng, Yuancheng Li
In order to realize peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions between electric vehicles (EVs) in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) networks, we propose an EV power trading model based on blockchain and smart contract. Firstly, based on the blockchain and smart contract technology, a decentralized power trading model is proposed to realize the information equivalence and transparent openness of power trading. Then, considering the randomness and uncertainty of EV charging and discharging, the EV trading parties use the reverse auction mechanism based on dynamic pricing strategy to complete the transaction matching, which can not only improve the profit of the less competitive power seller, but also it can reduce the cost of the electricity purchaser. Finally, in order to verify the feasibility of our proposed scheme, V2G's EV power trading smart contract was designed, and the smart contract was released to Ethereum and simulated experiments were carried out. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation experiments and comparison with traditional power trading schemes.
Jan 1, 2019·Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Alexander Schoenhals, Thomas Hepp, Stephan Leible, Philip Ehret · 5 authors
The licensing of creative work is of broad and current interest. The European Commission proposes that when uploading a licensed digital work, the uploader should be checked by the system that one has the necessary rights. Technically this law is difficult to implement, as images with different intentions are shared, and even small changes like watermarks make it difficult to reveal similarities. The characteristics of distributed ledger technology could provide excellent support for the licensing and management of the rights of use. In this work, non-technical and technical criteria are defined to achieve an overview of the state-of-the-art solutions in the field of blockchain-based licensing platforms. Based on the criteria, different licensing platforms are reviewed, and the results are presented in a comparison matrix.
Peer-to-peer energy trading and next generation local energy market mechanisms are expected to provide new use cases and opportunities within the future sharing economy landscape. To this anticipation, we propose alternative incentive mechanisms as energy policy instruments that can be used by policy makers for directly supporting local energy producers, and hence indirectly the consumers, at current local energy markets using capabilities provided by contemporary distributed ledger technology. Under such peer-to-peer local market setting, we first detail market pricing and relevant market parameters thoroughly, and then we discuss fair incentive distribution to local producers in detail, by means of two distinct incentive systems what we call as the fixed stipend and the decaying stipend incentive mechanisms, respectively. We provide an analysis of market pricing and market parameters under German power market conditions, and an illustration of proposed support instruments with resorting to three scenarios experimented on a local energy market test bed that is equipped with realistic energy generation and consumption profiles for its participants.
In this paper, we propose a Blockchain-based infrastructure to support security- and privacy-oriented spatio-temporal smart contract services for the sustainable Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sharing economy in mega smart cities. The infrastructure leverages cognitive fog nodes at the edge to host and process off loaded geo-tagged multimedia payload and transactions from a mobile edge and IoT nodes, uses AI for processing and extracting significant event information, produces semantic digital analytics, and saves results in Blockchain and decentralized cloud repositories to facilitate sharing economy services. The framework offers a sustainable incentive mechanism, which can potentially support secure smart city services, such as sharing economy, smart contracts, and cyber-physical interaction with Blockchain and IoT. Our unique contribution is justified by detailed system design and implementation of the framework.
Charging piles are used for charging electric vehicles and are directly accessible to users in an energy internet entrance, while playing an important role in energy consumption. Currently, each enterprise constructs the center of operation and maintenance of their systems independently, along with their respective APP payment programs. This results in high operating costs, poor user experience, and low utilization rate of the pile, which limits the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles. To overcome this limitation, there is a need for a multi-center, fair, and transparent consortium blockchain, which can conform to the application requirements of a unified payment system and accommodate a range of diverse enterprise charging piles. In this paper, the design for a consensus and incentive program for consortium blockchain is presented. First, the application status of blockchain in an energy internet is described. Then, the logical structure and hierarchical model of the consortium blockchain are analyzed. Next, multicycle accounting and limiting the amount of accounting nodes in each round is presented to ensure the overhead of consensus remain constant. Finally, the accounting incentive mechanism and the bidding encouragement strategy based on "electric beans" are designed.