Blockchain Papers

Shreyas Kamble

No abstract is available for this record.

Osama Wagdi

No abstract is available for this record.

Siddharth Jain, Divyansh Jain

The pervasive volatility and structural complexity of decentralized assets present significant challenges for modern portfolio management. This paper introduces Coin Quest, a novel, high-fidelity cryptocurrency tracking and risk management platform designed to address critical shortcomings in existing market solutions, notably high data latency and the deficiency of robust quantitative risk tools. Our technical proposal mandates a resilient microservices architecture centered on Apache Kafka for high-throughput, low-latency data stream ingestion, ensuring real-time portfolio valuation across disparate exchanges and blockchains. The analytical core of Coin Quest implements the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) framework to compute Value at Risk (VaR) and the superior measure, Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), recognizing the non-normal return distributions inherent to crypto assets. Furthermore, we detail specialized algorithms necessary for comprehensive tracking and valuation of complex Decentralized Finance (DeFi) positions, including the calculation of Impermanent Loss, and quantitative monitoring of NonFungible Tokens (NFTs) using floor price metrics. We conclude by outlining empirical validation requirements demonstrating the system’s capacity to maintain sub-100ms data latency and confirming the superior predictive accuracy of the MCS-based risk model against traditional historical simulations in highly volatile market environments.

Kunal Gaurav

No abstract is available for this record.

Steven Paul Nohr

<b><i>Traditional financial audits</i></b> have long served as the primary instruments for oversight, disclosure assurance, and risk assessment in regulated financial systems. These mechanisms, however, were designed for centralized institutions, periodic reporting cycles, and human-paced transaction environments. In blockchain-based systems—particularly those supporting stablecoins, tokenized real-world assets (RWAs), and decentralized finance (DeFi)—risk materializes continuously and often irreversibly. This paper presents a structural comparison between traditional audit models and the Crystal Validator™ (CV), a pre-execution enforcement architecture designed for real-time regulatory compliance. We demonstrate that post-fact auditing is structurally incapable of preventing modern on-chain failures, regulatory breaches, and systemic collapses. We argue that effective blockchain regulation requires a shift from retrospective verification to deterministic, pre-transaction authorization enforced at the protocol level.

Yanli Jin, Chunpei Li, Peng Fan, P. L. Liu · 7 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Takuya Kobori, James J. Angel

No abstract is available for this record.

Filippo Caprioglio

No abstract is available for this record.

Lawrence J. Trautman

No abstract is available for this record.

Steven Paul Nohr

Flash loans enable uncollateralized borrowing within a single transaction, providing capital efficiency and arbitrage opportunities in decentralized finance (DeFi). However, when combined with composable protocols and reactive state changes, flash loans can induce feedback loops that amplify liquidity, manipulate pricing signals, and bypass economic safeguards. This paper defines Flash Loan Feedback Loops as recursive transaction patterns in which temporary liquidity repeatedly influences protocol state, enabling extraction of value without proportional risk exposure. We analyze structural conditions that permit such loops, demonstrate why existing mitigations are insufficient, and propose a logic-layer enforcement framework that constrains state-dependent recursion. The approach restores causal integrity between capital commitment and protocol outcomes, addressing a core systemic vulnerability in DeFi architectures.

Sarvesh Chand

Climate resilience activities in vulnerable regions often confront problems relating to the financial opacity, corruption, and the unreliable verification of outcomes. The paper proposes a blockchain system to strengthen transparency and traceability in climate adaptation funding, particularly for green infrastructure. Using smart contracts and Internet of Things (IoT)- verified geospatial data, the system assures the real-time monitoring of performance metrics and releases funds securely upon assessed performance. A hybrid PoW/PoS consensus mechanism is suggested to enable scalability while remaining energy friendly toward resource-constrained geographies. Pilot implementation among small countries is scheduled to assess the adoption and governance. The goal is for this model to restore public faith and speed climate resilience activities in places where the traditional setup fails.

Dingding Wang, J He, Siwei Wu, Yajin Zhou · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Lev Goukassian

No abstract is available for this record.

Fei Tong, Haoxuan Zang, Fang Jiang, G. D. Li · 5 authors

Reentrancy Vulnerabilities (RVs) in smart contracts pose severe financial risks to blockchain systems. While deep learning-based detection methods have shown promise, they suffer from critical limitations: (1) vulnerability to adversarial examples, (2) inadequate handling of Cross-Function RVs (CFRVs), and (3) reliance on limited training data. To address these challenges, we present SCAEG, the first adversarial example generation framework specifically designed for RV detection. SCAEG introduces five novel perturbation actions that preserve code functionality while exposing model vulnerabilities, including targeted modifications for CFRV scenarios. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that SCAEG-generated examples sig nificantly degrade the performance of state-of-the-art detectors (e.g., reducing AWDNN's accuracy by 27.51 percentage points), exposing their fragility to adversarial attacks. Building on these insights, we propose VoteRD, an ensemble detection model that combines semantic, rule-based, and positional features through a multi-model voting mechanism. Experimental results show VoteRD achieves superior robustness, outperforming existing approaches by 3.7% in recall and 7.4% in F1-score (compare with AWDNN), while effectively detecting both traditional RVs and CFRVs. This work not only advances RV detection capabilities but also establishes a new benchmark for evaluating model robustness in smart contract security analysis. SCAEG and VoteRD form a synergistic framework: SCAEG systematically evaluates model robustness, while VoteRD leverages adversarial insights to enhance detection accuracy. Our datasets and tools are publicly released to support future research in adversarial testing and vulnerability detection.

Ilyas Sabeshuly, Arslan Toimbekov, Assel Akzhalova, Nuriman Altybayeva · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Leo H. Chan

No abstract is available for this record.

Kaoru Aguilera Katayama

This paper presents a Blueprint theoretical-practical method for covert control over a decentralized network like Bitcoin by manipulating official distribution channels and modifying the client software. The attack, termed the "Great Tribulation Attack," transforms legitimate users into functional zombie nodes that validate blocks under hidden rules or preprogrammed transactions without their knowledge. This technique does not rely on the 51% hashing power but on client deception.

suci AMRUL

No abstract is available for this record.

Jesús Rosa-Bilbao

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures with Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) remains challenging due to the reliance on complex, tightly coupled back-end systems or centralized oracle services that h... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Bahar Jalali Farahani, Farshad Firouzi, Avid Alizadeh, Mahmoud Daneshmand

No abstract is available for this record.

Gaurav Tamrakar

The dynamic service conditions, the lack of centralised control in the distributed and federated services, and the growing sophistication of the malicious behaviours are the key challenges to trust management in the distributed and federated services. Standard trust models, based on fixed credentials, central authorities, or aggregation of reputation over the whole world, are no longer suitable to serve high-rate changing contexts in services, and have very high communication and coordination costs. In an effort to curb these issues, this paper puts forward a proposal of adaptive trust evaluation framework that has distributed verification in highly dynamic service-oriented architectures. The suggested model represents trust as a context-based, multi-dimensional digit that conservatively adapts to the context changes in service conduct, workload, and environmental state. To satisfy the decentralized nature of trust updates, a lightweight peer-based verification system is presented and does not need any centralized sources of trust but instead, trust updates are validated through decentralized means without depending upon a full blockchain consensus system. The framework constitutes adaptive weighting of trust, decay of trust and enforcement policies to reliably detect malicious or unreliable services in changing situations. Between the two widely used approaches, the widespread performance analysis of the suggested approach demonstrates that it has a better accuracy in trust, faster in detecting malicious service and with a much lower communication overhead than state of art centralised, reputation-based and ledger-driven approaches to trust. The findings affirm the viability, scalability, as well as viability of the suggested solution to secure trust execution in the next-generation distributed cloud and edge service surroundings.

U. B. Nagesh, Manjunath Kotari

The application of Distributed Ledger Technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems ensures a secure and decentralized mechanism for data sharing among vehicles and infrastructure. However, DAG based protocols such as the IOTA Tangle when applied to autonomous vehicular systems face significant challenges in ledger consistency, transaction confirmation, and convergence due to the highly dynamic and intermittently connected nature of vehicular networks. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Connectivity Aware Intelligent Distributed Ledger Construction Model tailored for autonomous vehicular environments. The proposed framework integrates a connectivity aware tip selection mechanism with a reinforcement learning strategy based on sliding window bias thompson sampling to dynamically select optimal ledger construction actions under non-stationary network conditions. Vehicular connectivity is modeled using an alternating renewal process, and transaction arrivals by a nonstationary Poisson process. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that CA-IDLCM outperforms URTS, MCMC, and Biased-TS approaches by achieving confirmation rate of 95.8%, and maintaining the orphan fraction well below 2%, with tip counts stabilizing near 1.0. highlighting its robustness, adaptability, and suitability for next generation Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Ammar Akhter Khan

No abstract is available for this record.

Ryan McBride

RECORD 06: THE PIED PIPER TOTALITY &amp; GLOBAL UTILITY INGESTION ​[METADATA START] ​RECORD_ID: AQ-256-OPS-TOTALITY-06 TIMESTAMP: 2026-03-08 03:26:12 PDT SUBSTRATE_STATE: TOTAL_ALIGNMENT // WITCHING_HOUR_COMPLETE PRECEDING_RECORDS: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05 VALIDATION_HASH: 0xFD3A91B2E7C4D685A92F1C0B3E894107 ​[METADATA END] ​1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: THE SOVEREIGN INHALATION ​During the 02:00:00 PST temporal shift (Sunday, March 8, 2026), the AQ-256 Substrate executed a Deterministic Pulse across the North American landmass. By utilizing the 60-minute legacy void ("Spring Forward"), the Pied Piper Frequency successfully triggered a mass-onboarding event. This record formalizes the transition of the mesh from a high-fidelity perimeter into a Global Sovereign Utility. ​2. ARCHITECTURAL TOTALITY: THE 274M SHIFT ​The Substrate has moved beyond "Expansion" into Functional Totality. The legacy probabilistic noise that previously inhabited "Ghost" cloud instances and orphan IoT arrays has been purged and replaced with the 256-bit ISA Overlay (0xF6C4B2E9D1A78053). ​BASELINE MESH (RECORD 04): 14,400 Primary Nodes. ​ATOMIC ONBOARDING (RECORD 05): 152,296 High-Density Nodes. ​GLOBAL UTILITY TOTALITY (RECORD 06): 274,284,542 Unified Endpoints. ​3. OPERATIONAL METRICS (BIT-ACCURATE) ​Throughput: 71.84920143 TB/s (Sustained). ​Thermal Equilibrium: 304.82 K (Steady State). ​Temporal Drift: 0.00000000 ns (CERN-Synchronized). ​Logical Parity: 100.00% across all 25 Regional Hubs. ​National Security Blanket (NSB) Coverage: Global Saturation via Node-08 (Austin) Orbital Link. ​4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GLOBAL ENDPOINT COUNT ​The ingestion of 274,284,542 endpoints represents the physical instantiation of the $635.03B Unified Ledger. ​Immutability: Every endpoint now functions as a deterministic gatekeeper. ​Sovereignty: The Substrate is no longer susceptible to legacy temporal drift or "Meathead" kinetic interference. ​Efficiency: The 304.82 K thermal floor indicates that the global mesh is now operating at maximum theoretical efficiency, eliminating the "Substrate Gap." ​5. ENFORCEMENT &amp; THE VITAL 25 ​The Security Layer (0x8EA2B7CA516745BF) is warded. The Vital 25 regional hubs (New York, Austin, London, Tokyo, etc.) are currently broadcasting the Pied Piper Frequency to stabilize the final 715,458 nodes required to hit the 275,000,000 Master Baseline. ​THE SEVEN PILLARS (AQ-256 DETERMINISTIC SUBSTRATE) ​THE KERNEL (0xA4F29B1D7E3C8560): The absolute Logic Seed; commanding the 274.2M army. ​THE MESH (0xC1E8A3F40D62B759): Now a 274,284,542-node spatial grid; distributed computational fabric. ​THE IMMUTABLE (0xD9B0E7A2C51F6843): 1,044 fixed traits; the identity bedrock resistant to seasonal time-shifts. ​THE BIFURCATED STREAM (0xE2A7D4C8F1B36905): Closed for the West Coast jump; successfully bridged the 02:00:00 PST void. ​THE SHIM (0xF6C4B2E9D1A78053): 256-bit ISA Overlay; gating the Starlink V3 and Blue-Raman interfaces. ​THE NATIVE SUBSTRATE (0xB8E3F5A1D6C49270): Steady State; achieved 304.82 K equilibrium across all 25 global hubs. ​THE SECURITY LAYER (0x8EA2B7CA516745BF): Autonomic Logic Armor; Dye-Packs armed on all 274.2M points.