Blockchain Papers

Akihiro Fujihara

No abstract is available for this record.

Liang Chen, Haozhe Zhao, Yinzhen Huang, Yang Luo · 11 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Pedro Faria, Peter Finn, Tiago Navarro

Property valuation, a foundational method for governments, financial institutions, and insurers to gauge economic stability, remains hindered by opaque, fragmented data practices. Despite technological advancements like Artificial Inteligence (AI) and Web3, valuation processes rely on siloed, non-standardized data that institutions rarely share—even internally. This paper identifies systemic barriers to global transparency and proposes a Proptech framework to resolve this disconnect. Unlike market valuation, which leverages AI and algorithms to predict prices, housing valuation depends on manual audits and confidential metrics. This lack of transparency limits governments' capacity to preempt real estate crises or curb speculative risks. By integrating blockchain-enabled data sharing and AI analytics, a decentralized Proptech platform, sharing a global network, could standardize and democratize valuation data, enabling real-time insights for crisis management and evidence-based policymaking. The study highlights how such innovation could transform urban planning, financial markets, and economic resilience, positioning Proptech as a catalyst for equitable, transparent valuation ecosystems. Received: 7 April 2025 | Revised: 29 July 2025 | Accepted: 14 October 2025 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Author Contribution Statement Pedro Faria: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Peter Finn: Conceptualization, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing. Tiago Navarro: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision.

Su.Suganthi, Shanmuga Sundar.G, Felix Rainston.V.G, R. Hariharan · 6 authors

To revolutionize the educational scene, this project proposes a Web3 Token Incentive Mechanism, an Interactive Doubt Clarification Chatbot, and an advanced Intelligent Course Recommendation System. The system uses AI algorithms to analyze technical and non-technical input to recommend courses that suit students' interests and professional objectives. Using voice interaction for answering student queries and adding relevant video content will enhance accessibility and engagement. This AI-powered real-time support will be provided by the chatbot. A token-based incentive system, based on Web3, motivates students after they have completed courses and assessments. Once completed, students will be bridging the gap between education and work. They can use these tokens to avail free internships or get help in finding a job, thus adding utility to their educational process. This integrated strategy involves personalized learning, interactive participation, and incentive rewards to create a strong foundation for schooling focused on careers. AI, Web3 tokens, chatbots, personalized learning, career counseling, educational incentives, interactive meta learning, job assistance, and skill development are some of the keywords.

Tuholukov, Oleksandr, Lyushenko, Dmytro

The rapid development of decentralized technologies and blockchain is transforming the methods of authentication, data management and the implementation of digital human rights, which actualizes the need to form a new identity paradigm based on user autonomy and trustful interaction without intermediaries. The purpose of this article is to substantiate self-sovereign identity as the foundation of trust and digital asset management within the Web3 ecosystem. The research methodology combines comparative legal and formal-dogmatic analysis, structural-functional modeling of the three-way interaction among issuer, holder, and verifier, as well as a problem-oriented review of the technical standards and practices of early platforms (Sovrin, uPort). It is demonstrated that the emergence of self-sovereign identity is a natural response to the shortcomings of centralized and federated identification models in Web 2.0 (OAuth 2.0, OpenID Connect): dependence on providers, concentration of leakage risks, and inability to disclose attributes selectively. The article reveals the mechanism of trust formation in the self-sovereign identity system, which is based on a three-party model of interaction between the issuer, the holder and the verifier; in this model, data authenticity is ensured using cryptographic verifiability through decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials, which allows minimizing the participation of intermediaries, reducing the surface of possible attacks and guaranteeing the autonomy of the data subject in the process of managing their own digital identity. The key principles of self-sovereign identity (control, availability, transparency, minimization of disclosure, portability, security/resilience, and consent) are systematized, and their applied role in forming a «trust architecture» in Web3 (DAO, DeFi, NFT) is demonstrated. The study revealed a regulatory asymmetry between the technological development of self-sovereign identity systems and the level of their legal regulation. For Ukraine, key regulatory gaps have been specified that hinder the implementation of self-sovereign identity systems and limit the possibility of integrating Ukrainian e-government systems into the international Web3 space: the legislation lacks definitions of the terms «self-sovereign identity» and «decentralized identifier», which is why these concepts have no legal status in Ukraine; the current legal framework for electronic identification and personal data protection is incompatible with the principles of decentralization, self-control, and minimization of information disclosure, which underlie the SSI model. The practical significance of the results lies in the proposed holistic legal and technical framework for developing Web3 trust services, which enables the design of interoperable and secure processes for managing digital assets, prioritizing personal sovereignty over data.

Iacovone, L.

In service firms, where value creation increasingly depends on human interaction and intangible assets, the development of soft skills and inclusive mindsets has become a strategic priority.Yet, traditional training programs rarely generate lasting behavioral change or make unconscious biases visible.This paper explores how Web3-enabled neuro-immersive technologies can transform learning processes within service organizations, turning technology-assisted experiences into ethically managed and measurable forms of knowledge creation.Drawing on ten real-world cases developed between 2021 and 2025 across consulting, banking, healthcare, and education, the study adopts a qualitative, comparative approach to examine how immersive simulations affect individuals' awareness, emotional regulation, and decision-making.

saiprasad

The contemporary Internet, a cornerstone of modern society, is characterized by a high degree of centralization. This centralization concentrates data and power within a few large corporations, raising significant concerns regarding data privacy, censorship, single points of failure, and monopolistic control. The "Decentralized Internet," often associated with the Web3 paradigm, proposes a fundamental shift toward a more open, trustless, and user-centric network. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the decentralized Internet, beginning with an exploration of its core principles—trustlessness, censorship resistance, and user-controlled data. We then examine the key enabling technologies that underpin the decentralized Internet, including distributed ledger technologies (DLT), peer-to-peer (P2P) data protocols such as the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and smart contracts. Finally, we discuss the significant open challenges and research questions that must be addressed, including scalability, usability, governance, and regulatory uncertainty. This paper aims to provide a structured overview for researchers, developers, and policymakers interested in the future of Internet architecture. Index Terms—Decentralized Internet, Web3, Blockchain, Peer-to-Peer (P2P), IPFS, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Smart Contracts, Decentralized Applications (dApps), Scalability, Governance.

Liang, Hanzhong, Yue Duan, Xing Su, Xiao Li · 8 authors

As the Web3 ecosystem evolves toward a multi-chain architecture, cross-chain bridges have become critical infrastructure for enabling interoperability between diverse blockchain networks. However, while connecting isolated blockchains, the lack of cross-chain transaction pairing records introduces significant challenges for security analysis like cross-chain fund tracing, advanced vulnerability detection, and transaction graph-based analysis. To address this gap, we introduce ConneX, an automated and general-purpose system designed to accurately identify corresponding transaction pairs across both ends of cross-chain bridges. Our system leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to efficiently prune the semantic search space by identifying semantically plausible key information candidates within complex transaction records. Further, it deploys a novel examiner module that refines these candidates by validating them against transaction values, effectively addressing semantic ambiguities and identifying the correct semantics. Extensive evaluations on a dataset of about 500,000 transactions from five major bridge platforms demonstrate that ConneX achieves an average F1 score of 0.9746, surpassing baselines by at least 20.05\%, with good efficiency that reduces the semantic search space by several orders of magnitude (1e10 to less than 100). Moreover, its successful application in tracing illicit funds (including a cross-chain transfer worth $1 million) in real-world hacking incidents underscores its practical utility for enhancing cross-chain security and transparency.

Jirasarunya, Nadhapreuk, Chen, Te-Jung, Me, Luong, Gamboa, Nicolas Prieto

The 2023-24 ‘IGP Master’s Dissertation Special Issue’ is a celebration of the exceptional intellectual achievement of ten distinguished students from the Master of Global Prosperity (MSc GP) and Master of Prosperity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (MSc PIE) programs at the Institute for Global Prosperity (IGP), UCL. This special issue is a testament to their academic excellence, showcasing a diverse array of research that pushes the boundaries of our understanding of prosperity. The eleven dissertations, selected for their outstanding quality, innovative approaches, and insightful contributions, will be disseminated across three volumes, each serving as a beacon of inspiration for future students and a resource for further research in the field of global prosperity. However, this special issue represents only a fraction of the innovative and forward-thinking ideas that have been cultivated among the students at the IGP. • Jirasarunya’s dissertation explores whether welfare economics should move beyond reductionist approaches centred on individual behaviour. It critiques the limits of mainstream reductionism and draws on theories of complex systems, human agency, and alternative frameworks to argue for new methodologies that better capture real-world welfare and equity concerns. • Chen’s dissertation investigates the gendered dimensions of remittance-sending among Southeast Asian female migrant workers in Taiwan. Using mixed methods, it shows how remittances function both as financial support and as fulfilment of familial and cultural obligations, simultaneously empowering women and reinforcing traditional norms. • Me’s dissertation examines the feasibility of citizen science (CS) in Vietnam’s politically restrictive context through analysis of the PAPI initiative. The study proposes a hybrid, adaptive approach supported by educational reforms and offers a framework for context-sensitive CS, highlighting its potential for governance reform in Vietnam. • Gamboa’s dissertation investigates Regenerative Finance (ReFi) as an emerging ecological movement that integrates blockchain with regenerative principles to support nature-based solutions in Colombia. Through case studies and interviews, it finds that while ReFi holds transformative potential for participatory, community-led regeneration, it faces major challenges, including scalability barriers, scepticism toward Web3, and dominance of traditional carbon markets. Together, these dissertations present innovative research that informs policies and practices aimed at fostering inclusive, prosperous, and empowered communities. They emphasise the importance of environmental, educational, and economic interventions in shaping a society’s trajectory toward sustainability, resilience, and prosperity.

Ammar Arief Ainol Ahmam, Nor Adora Endut

This paper presents a peer to peer (P2P) file sharing system designed on top of Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and blockchain. Decentralized storage solutions that enable programmatic file accessibility, security and reliability as well as eliminating bottlenecks, scaling problems, and user experience limitations in web based P2P application are explored. It integrates IPFS to store and retrieve the files using content-based addressing and. Pinata is also used for file pinning and keeping the file in the network free availability, and Helia is a JavaScript based interface for web application to communicate with IPFS. To increase security and transparency, decentralized verification is conducted via smart contracts on Ethereum by permanently logging a file hash record. With Meta Mask and Web3 technologies for secure payment, users can handle storage and access payment to services effectively. Despite these advancements, web based P2P programs have considerable challenges. Since they can run on limited processing power, storage, and fragile net stability, the processing is carried out in the client side, and that means slow file transfers and high latency. Moreover, the acceptance of decentralized applications is also hindered by the fact that users must understand the cryptographically based transactions and other complex concepts such as IPFS hashes. In this paper, we attempt to find approaches to improve performance on cryptographic computations using WASM, cache adaptive for faster download, and Ethereum Layer 2 solutions like rollups reducing transaction costs and improving scalability. Aside from that, associating with the File coin to facilitate growth of the distribution storage is considered to support the system growth

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Breno Jacinto Duarte da Costa, Márcio Ferro, Mohamed Yassine Zarouk, Alan Silva · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Fiqri Khalid Aziz, Rizal Rachman

Tingginya risiko manipulasi data dan lemahnya sistem autentikasi tradisional menimbulkan tantangan serius dalam menjaga keamanan identitas digital. Dampak dari permasalahan ini adalah meningkatnya potensi pencurian data, penyalahgunaan identitas, serta rendahnya tingkat kepercayaan terhadap sistem keamanan digital yang ada. Untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem autentikasi wajah berbasis blockchain yang aman, transparan, dan terdesentralisasi. Sistem dirancang dengan memanfaatkan algoritma SHA-256 untuk mengubah data wajah menjadi hash yang tidak dapat dibalik, sehingga menjaga privasi dan integritas data pengguna. Informasi identitas dicatat ke dalam blockchain melalui smart contract berbasis Ethereum yang dijalankan menggunakan Ganache, dengan bahasa pemrograman Python dan pustaka face_recognition sebagai deteksi wajah serta web3.py untuk integrasi blockchain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem mampu mengenali wajah secara akurat, memverifikasi identitas secara real-time, serta memastikan data tidak dapat dimanipulasi karena tercatat dalam blockchain. Sistem ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh institusi pendidikan, perusahaan, maupun instansi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan keamanan akses, sistem absensi, serta perlindungan data sensitif. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat diarahkan pada implementasi di jaringan testnet Ethereum publik agar mendekati skenario dunia nyata, termasuk pengujian biaya gas, performa transaksi, serta integrasi dengan aplikasi berbasis mobile.

Abhay Pratap Yadav, Seema Verma, Madhumita Mahapatra, Pridhi Arora

This paper presents the development of a decentralized blockchain-based gaming platform designed to redefine the user experience in competitive gaming through Web3 technologies. Traditional online games suffer from centralized control, limited asset ownership, and trust issues in competitive environments. In contrast, the proposed solution leverages smart contracts, NFTs, and decentralized architecture to create a transparent, trustless, and rewarding gaming ecosystem. The platform enables users to register, link their crypto wallets, and participate in admin-hosted tournaments of a rock paper-scissors game. Here winners are selected by a dynamic leaderboard system. It automatically rewards NFTs depending on final rankings at the end of each tournament. Admin controls the tournament creation and NFT minting. Players can sell/buy the earned NFTs at an integrated exchange. All major activities of the game like tournament flow, result tracking, NFT ownership are controlled by smart contracts control. Due to the smart contracts control safe transactions takes place without the need for intermediaries, which ensures fairness. The study primarily dedicated to smart contract logic, User interface functionalities and NFT marketplace structure. It also deals all issues related to optimization. Other features of the work are real-time leader board management& secure execution of the game logic. The results of this research demonstrates that blockchain can improve transparency in gaming and its reward systems. It has the capacity to create a new model for competitive decentralized gameplay.

Prof. Madhavi Bhosale, Abhishek Kangude, Vedant Khandare, Sunil Kajave

Abstract In recent years, advancements in blockchain technology have paved the way for creating transparent, secure, and decentralized digital ecosystems. This paper presents a blockchain-based electronic voting (e-voting) system designed to overcome the limitations of traditional and centralized electronic voting methods. The proposed system integrates Solidity-based smart contracts, a Python middleware API using Web3.py, and a Flutter frontend to create a secure, verifiable, and user-friendly voting platform. The architecture ensures voter anonymity, immutability of votes, and real-time result verification through blockchain’s decentralized ledger. The system employs MetaMask for voter authentication, enabling a one-person-one-vote mechanism and eliminating centralized control or tampering risks. Experimental simulations using Ganache demonstrate efficient transaction processing, transparent result computation, and tamper-proof data storage. The proposed solution enhances security, transparency, and trust in digital elections and serves as a foundation for scalable, real-world implementations in organizational, academic, and governmental voting scenarios. This research contributes toward developing next-generation decentralized voting infrastructures that reinforce democratic integrity and public confidence in electoral processes. · Keywords : Blockchain Technology; E-Voting System; Smart Contracts; Decentralized Applications (DApps); Solidity; Ethereum; Python Web3.py; Flutter Frontend; MetaMask Authentication; Digital Elections; Voter Privacy; Transparency; Immutability; Secure Voting; Electronic Governance

Karanvir Singh, Vishav Pratap Singh, Arpit Mahajan, Jaideep Singh · 6 authors

AI's merger with Web3 tech is changing the game leading to open, see-through, and somewhat self-running systems. This research explores the AI-agent paradigm in Web3 considering spread-out networks, blockchain rules, smart deals, and partial self-rule as new concepts. The main focus of this paper is to redefine the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with Web3 technologies and create a semi-autonomous architecture that transcends decentralized and centralized approaches. While the majority of literature surveys AI agents that function on blockchain and decentralized protocols, our study presents a layered model that exploits off-chain AI inference with on-chain consensus mechanisms, (DID) management, and governance. We explain the main components, such as shared record-keeping, distributed ID management, reward systems, and agreement methods, that allow AI agents to function efficiently in the absence of a central boss. Moreover, the research analyzes significant issues such as scalability, safety, data privacy, and interoperability. It offers a number of improvements in off-chain AI-based agents for decentralized environments. Results demonstrate that hybrid on-chain/off-chain AI clusters can reduce inference costs and increase transaction throughput while preserving decentralization and data privacy. The team-up of AI and Web3 opens doors to new uses like spread-out money systems (DeFi), self-running groups (DAOs), and marketplaces without middlemen creating tough, clear, and user-focused digital worlds.

Tuan-Dung Tran, Dinh Khang Nguyen, Quang Trung Do, Van-Hau Pham

Cross-chain bridges, while critical for interoperability in the Web3 ecosystem, have become a primary target for exploits, accounting for over $4.3 billion in losses—nearly 40% of all value stolen in recent years. Existing security paradigms fail to address this threat adequately due to a fundamental trade-off between pre-deployment static analysis and real-time dynamic monitoring. Current security paradigms are trapped in a critical trade-off: pre-deployment static analysis lacks runtime context and suffers from high false-positives, while real-time dynamic monitoring is blind to the underlying source-code vulnerabilities that enable sophisticated attacks. This paper introduces VeriBridge, a novel framework that breaks this impasse. VeriBridge pioneers a synergistic fusion of static intelligence and dynamic graph learning. It enriches real-time transaction graphs with fine-grained vulnerability data extracted from static analysis, providing crucial security context to an unsupervised Graph Autoencoder. By learning a high-fidelity model of normal behavior, VeriBridge detects malicious transactions, including zero-day exploits, as significant deviations from this learned norm, identified by high reconstruction error. Evaluated on a comprehensive dataset of real-world attacks, including the Poly Network and THORchain exploits, VeriBridge achieves a 96% F1-score, demonstrating a new frontier in robust, real-time security for critical blockchain infrastructure.

Shivakumar M, Rakshitha N, Ruqsar, Sahana M · 5 authors

In today's hyperconnected digital environment, authentication and security are paramount. As technology evolves, traditional methods of authentication such as usernames and passwords have proven increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks, phishing scams, and identity theft. This has led to a growing need for a more secure, decentralized, and tamper-proof system to safeguard digital identities. This paper titled “NextGen Security: A secure and Decentralized authentication protocol using Non- transferable Blockchain-based Tokens” addresses this concern by proposing an innovative framework that leverages blockchain technology to implement a robust, distributed authentication mechanism. This paper envisions a future where authentication is not controlled by a centralized authority, but is instead managed through a distributed ledger. Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable nature, ensures that user credentials and identity records are stored securely across multiple nodes, eliminating the single point of failure problem that plagues traditional systems. The proposed framework integrates Ethereum-based smart contracts, Keccak-256 (SHA- 3) hashing, and non-transferable Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) to ensure secure and decentralized identity verification. The system leverages wallet-based authentication through MetaMask and Web3.py, enabling cryptographically verifiable and tamper- proof login events on the blockchain.

Shwetha K R, Divya G S, Bhavan Pande, Darshan K · 6 authors

Due to the ever-increasing demand to use safe and reliable electronic votes, a blockchain-based secure voting system has been developed to enhance transparency, trustfulness, and voter recognition. This system eliminates such issues as voting fraud, impersonation, and manipulating the results by means of biometric verification and decentralized blockchain ledger. The voters are matched to a facial-recognition database containing previously registered voters before voting. It is authenticated by a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) approach as it works well on classifying facial features and is not very laborious. After the vote is successfully authenticated, it is stored and signed on a blockchain network where it cannot be altered by another party. The features of smart contracts ensure the safety of voting, the correct counting of votes, and the awareness of each network node of what is happening. The cryptography of hashing and decentralized make certain that the votes are immutable, due to the decentralized structure of blockchain and consensus mechanisms. The face-matching module ensures that only the qualified individuals are allowed to vote. The system also supports mass elections and guarantees the ease of interaction among the voters. It was designed in such a way that it is scalable and user friendly. Trust, security, and efficiency are enhanced in the system through biometrical authentication, distributed ledger technology, encryption, and classification through machine-learning. It is highly dependable in how to conduct the current digital elections.

Stefano Franco, Angelo Presenza, Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli, Myung Ja Kim

How hotel chains are using immersive technologies (ITs), in particular the metaverse, remains an overlooked issue. This work aims at showing how ITs allow companies to create and capture value, integrating it into business models. Applying a qualitative method based on case studies, interviews, and observations, results show the mechanisms through which companies can integrate ITs in their business models to create and capture value. We found that these mechanisms are related to two areas, such as customer engagement and resource management. Metaverse can improve customer engagement by working as a means that allows pre-stay visualization, enriching tourism experience, MICE and events remote planning, new customer segment engagement, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) exploitation for loyalty programs, and events selling. It also works as a means to improve resource management by facilitating employee recruitment and training, integrating metaverse experiences, exploring novel offerings, and capturing web3 potentialities.

Arpit Jain, Swati Gupta, Meenu Vijarania, Pratyush Srivastav

Security and user experience are critical priorities in modern banking, yet traditional authentication practicessuch as passwords and one-time passwords (OTPs)-remain vulnerable to phishing, credential theft, and data breaches. This research explores the integration of blockchain-based authentication, specifically using MetaMask for passwordless login, as a secure alternative for digital banking systems. The proposed approach eliminates centralized credential storage by leveraging cryptographic signatures and client-side verification, thereby enhancing both security and user privacy. A prototype banking application was developed and evaluated, demonstrating a 50 % reduction in authentication time and improved resistance to phishing attacks. The study further analyzes decentralized identity management's implications for regulatory compliance, including GDPR and KYC alignment. By comparing conventional and Web3 authentication systems, this work illustrates how decentralized login mechanisms can significantly strengthen banking security, streamline user interaction, and promote a transparent, customer-centric digital banking ecosystem.

Asheshemi Nelson Oghenekevwe, Okoro Akpohrobaro Daniel, Ayeh Blessing Elohor, Ayo Michael Ifioko · 6 authors

Developments of Web 3.0 technologies present vital problems regarding data confidentiality, authentication of users and their privacy in decentralised systems. The traditional multifactor authentication (MFA) systems have been effective when deployed in Web2 environments but have failed in protecting sensitive information in the decentralised environment because they use centralised servers and are also dependent on static security factors. The paper explores the concept of multifactor authentication that is based on blockchain technology as the effective method of improving the use of data confidentiality in Web3. A blockchain-augmented MFA infrastructure was created on the basis of an Ethereum smart contract, decentralised storage, and biometric data that were cryptographically encrypted. Simulation demonstrated significant increases in security relative to conventional MFA systems, a significant drop in the probability of breaching (0.0270 to 0.0040), an improvement in the entropies, a decrease in the likelihood of session hijacking, and limited mutual information leakage. Also, the blockchain-based system becomes more resistant to Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) and phishing attacks, mitigating them by about 60 per cent and 50 per cent success rates, respectively. Whereas the blockchain MFA made some minor sacrifices in latency and computation cost in the course of authentication, such a trade of costs is productive in the Web3 environment where security and data integrity remain of utmost importance. The study could be useful to developers, security practitioners and policymakers who intend to develop more secure, scalable, and user-centric authentication mechanisms in decentralised apps. As a potential improvement, it is suggested that future research should implement the aspect of consensus optimisation and Layer-2 to increase the efficiency and scalability further.

Enrique Mafla

Centralized control of vote counting and result declaration is vulnerable to attacks that compromise election integrity, fairness, and transparency. We present a Web3-based system to decentralize the processing of tally sheets generated at polling stations. Our analysis focuses on the electoral systems of Venezuela and Ecuador, both of which rely on a centralized tally sheet processing procedure. We evaluate the vulnerabilities of this approach and propose a solution based on permissioned blockchains and decentralized storage, using Ecuador’s system as a case study. Our solution ensures integrity, fairness, and transparency throughout the digitalization, transmission, processing, and publication of tally sheets and election results. We developed a basic prototype using Hyperledger Fabric and IPFS.

Mounira Tarhouni, Faten Ben Aicha

This paper presents a novel approach to enhancing the security of Internet of Things (IoT) data by integrating Long Range (LoRa) communication with Ethereum-based blockchain smart contracts. Our system collects environmental data from IoT nodes using LoRaWAN and leverages smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain to ensure data immutability, traceability, and trustless validation. We demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture through a full-stack implementation using Dragino hardware, The Things Network (TTN), MetaMask, Web3, and Solidity. Experimental results show that our system is effective for secure, decentralized, and transparent IoT data management.