Agus Tedyyana, Osman Ghazali, Tryo Asnafi, Onno W. Purbo · 6 authors
This study introduces a novel e-voting system utilizing blockchain technology to address the challenges inherent to traditional voting methods. Traditional systems often suffer from inaccuracies, susceptibility to manipulation, and elevated costs. Conversely, while e-voting shows potential, issues related to transparency and security have curbed its full adoption. Our research overcomes these hurdles by integrating a system developed through the Kanban methodology, with the blockchain serving as the central repository for all election data. This approach boosts transparency and security, using public-private key pairs for each transaction, and simplifying blockchain access. Organizers initiate elections and define eligible voters; this data is then securely moved to the Ethereum blockchain. Voters can effortlessly use the system, casting votes and accessing real-time, unalterable results. Various communication protocols ensure system stability, with simulated cyberattacks showcasing its security. After exhaustive testing and refinement, areas for further enhancement have been identified. This innovative system offers unmatched transparency and trust in the voting process, marking a considerable leap for trustworthy elections, especially in small to medium-sized settings.
In an era marked by technological advancements and a growing demand for secure and transparent electoral processes, the integration of blockchain technology into online voting systems has emerged as a promising solution.This research paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the design, implementation, and implications of an online voting system built upon blockchain technology.Through an in-depth analysis of existing electronic voting challenges and the potential of blockchain, this paper demonstrates how the decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature of blockchain addresses critical concerns such as security, voter privacy, and trust in electoral outcomes.The paper delves into the core architecture of the proposed system, highlighting the role of smart contracts in automating voting processes while ensuring authenticity and verifiability.Security and transparency are examined in detail, showcasing the cryptographic measures that safeguard voter information and prevent fraudulent activities.The challenges of voter authentication, scalability, and accessibility are discussed, along with potential solutions to overcome these obstacles.Drawing on case studies of real-world implementations, the paper offers insights into the successes, challenges, and lessons learned from adopting blockchain-based online voting systems.Legal and ethical considerations are also explored, emphasizing the need for aligning technological innovations with legal frameworks and ethical standards.Finally, the research paper contemplates the future of blockchain-powered online voting, envisioning how emerging technologies such as biometrics, artificial intelligence, and zero-knowledge proofs could further enhance the security and inclusivity of electoral processes.Overall, this paper underscores the transformative potential of blockchain in revolutionizing online voting, fostering a more resilient and democratic electoral landscape.
Purpose This study aims to evaluate blockchain as an e-government governance model. It assesses its alignment with legal frameworks, emphasizing robustness against disruptions and adherence to existing laws. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores blockchain’s potential in e-government, focusing on legal, ethical and governance aspects. It conducts an in-depth analysis of blockchain’s integration into data governance, emphasizing legal compliance and resilient security protocols. Findings The study comprehensively evaluates blockchain’s implementation, covering privacy, interoperability, consensus mechanisms, scalability and regulatory alignment. It highlights governance’s critical role in ensuring legal compliance within blockchain paradigms. Research limitations/implications Ethical and legal concerns arising from blockchain adoption remain unresolved. The study underscores how blockchain challenges its core principles of anonymity and decentralization in e-government settings. Practical implications The framework outlined offers potential for diverse technological environments, albeit raising ethical and legal queries. It emphasizes governance’s pivotal role in achieving legal compliance in blockchain adoption. Social implications Blockchain’s impact on legal and ethical facets necessitates further exploration to align with its core principles while addressing governance in e-government settings. Originality/value This study presents a robust framework for assessing blockchain’s viability in e-government, emphasizing legal compliance, despite ethical and legal intricacies that challenge its fundamental principles.
The office attendance system has shifted from using physical forms to digital inputs to minimize data errors and data loss when taking attendance. Unfortunately, digital systems generally still use traditional databases where the admin's role is crucial, and there is potential for fraud (e.g., admitting attendance of a non-attending person or manipulating a targeted person’s log due to personal grudges, competition, or other reasons) if the admin is dishonest. In this paper, we propose Absenin, a blockchain-based office attendance system, which replaces the role of traditional databases with blockchain and smart contracts to make it secure from malicious admins and fair for other participants. We create an Attendance Smart Contract that will run on the Ethereum blockchain. Admins and employees will interact with this smart contract to carry out attendance system operations. Absenin is also designed to have real-time attendance data, but the attendance machine does not need to be connected to the Internet, which is a unique feature of our system that no previous works have attempted. Despite using blockchain and smart contracts, our evaluation results show that Absenin is able to produce relatively small processing delays, and gas usage on the blockchain is still far below the gas limit of the Ethereum mainnet. Therefore, we can assure that the system is feasible and can be applied to organizations with a scale of thousands, tens, or hundreds of thousands of employees.
This paper proposes a novel hybrid method to increase trust and privacy in the Onion Router (Tor) network by integrating blockchain technology and Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs). Leveraging principles from trust-based anonymous communication, the proposed method aims to establish a decentralized trust layer within the Tor network, enhancing integrity and reliability. By incorporating ZKPs’ power of privacy and authentication, blockchain's immutability and Tor's anonymity, the method seeks to address trust and privacy concerns within the Tor network. This hybrid approach offers a comprehensive solution to increase trust and privacy in the Tor network, aligning with their growing importance in the digital age.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In the realm of network management, the integration of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) with blockchain-based smart contracts is an emerging frontier with significant potential to enhance inter-domain communications. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the application of smart contracts within SDN, particularly focusing on the automation and security of inter-domain interactions. Smart contracts, characterized by their immutable and autonomous nature, offer a novel approach to enforcing network policies and agreements across different SDN domains seamlessly. We explore the inherent benefits of this integration, including enhanced security through the tamper-proof nature of blockchain, and the efficiency gains achieved by automating network policy enforcement. The paper also addresses critical challenges such as scalability, interoperability, and the complexity of smart contract development within the SDN context. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and practical case studies, this research illuminates the transformative potential of smart contracts in SDN, paving the way for more secure, efficient, and self-regulating network environments. The findings and discussions in this paper aim to contribute to the ongoing evolution of SDN, particularly in scenarios where multiple administrative domains necessitate robust, automated, and secure communication frameworks.
Priced oblivious transfer (POT) is a cryptographic protocol designed for privacy-preserving e-commerce of digital content. It involves two parties: the merchant, who provides a set of priced items as input, and a customer, who acquires one of them. After the protocol has run, the customer obtains the item they chose, while the merchant cannot determine which one. Moreover, the protocol guarantees that the customer gets the content only if they have paid the price established by the merchant. In a recent paper, the authors proposed a POT system where the payments employed e-coin transactions. The strong point of the proposal was the absence of zero-knowledge proofs required in preceding systems to guarantee the correctness of payments. In this paper, we propose a novel e-coin-based POT system with a fast item retrieval procedure whose running time does not depend on the number of items for sale. This is an improvement over the aforementioned existing proposal whose execution time becomes prohibitively long when the catalog is extensive. The use of zero-knowledge proofs is neither required.
Se Elnour, William J. Buchanan, Paul Keating, Mwrwan Abubakar · 5 authors
The vSPACE experimental proof-of-concept (PoC) on the TrueElect[Anon][Creds] protocol presents a novel approach to secure, private, and scalable elections, extending the TrueElect and ElectAnon protocols with the integration of AnonCreds SSI (Self-Sovereign Identity). Such a protocol PoC is situated within a Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) and leverages confidential computing, continuous authentication, multi-party computation (MPC), and well-architected framework (WAF) principles to address the challenges of cybersecurity, privacy, and trust over IP (ToIP) protection. Employing a Kubernetes confidential cluster within an Enterprise-Scale Landing Zone (ESLZ), vSPACE integrates Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for immutable and certifiable audit trails. The Infrastructure as Code (IaC) model ensures rapid deployment, consistent management, and adherence to security standards, making vSPACE a future-proof solution for digital voting systems.
With the emergence of blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency market has experienced significant growth in recent years, simultaneously fostering environments conducive to cybercrimes such as phishing scams. Phishing scams on blockchain platforms like Ethereum have become a grave economic threat. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for effective detection mechanisms for these phishing activities to establish a secure financial transaction environment. However, existing methods typically utilize only the most recent transaction record when constructing features, resulting in the loss of vast amounts of transaction data and failing to adequately reflect the characteristics of nodes. Addressing this need, this study introduces a multiscale feature fusion approach integrated with a graph convolutional network model to detect phishing scams on Ethereum. A node basic feature set comprising 12 features is initially designed based on the Ethereum transaction dataset in the basic feature module. Subsequently, in the edge embedding representation module, all transaction times and amounts between two nodes are sorted, and a gate recurrent unit (GRU) neural network is employed to capture the temporal features within this transaction sequence, generating a fixed-length edge embedding representation from variable-length input. In the time trading feature module, attention weights are allocated to all embedding representations surrounding a node, aggregating the edge embedding representations and structural relationships into the node. Finally, combining basic and time trading features of the node, graph convolutional networks (GCNs), SAGEConv, and graph attention networks (GATs) are utilized to classify phishing nodes. The performance of these three graph convolution-based deep learning models is validated on a real Ethereum phishing scam dataset, demonstrating commendable efficiency. Among these, SAGEConv achieves an F1-score of 0.958, an AUC-ROC value of 0.956, and an AUC-PR value of 0.949, outperforming existing methods and baseline models.
The current electoral system faces various challenges such as vote rigging, hacking of electronic voting machines, and election manipulation, leading to a lack of faith in the system among citizens. The adoption of an electronic voting system based on block chain technology could potentially address these issues. This paper proposes a model of e-voting based on popular block chain frameworks that provide block chain as a service, which maintains participant confidentiality while still being open to public scrutiny. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the theme, demonstrating the usefulness of block chain technology in the design of a secure and transparent e-voting system. Distributed ledger technology is a powerful tool in the world of information technology, with the potential to revolutionize various applications. Block chain offers advantages such as cryptological underpinnings and transparency, making it a disruptive technology in modern times. The proposed e-voting system based on block chain technology offers the potential to improve the resilience of e-voting systems, and ensure the integrity of the election results. Overall, this paper provides insights into the potential of block chain technology to tackle the challenges facing the current electoral system and improve the transparency and security of e-voting systems. Key Word: Iblock chain, confidentiality, Distributed ledger, transparency, security, metamask, solidity, Ethereum, Decentralization, testnet, Hardhat, Dapp, Consensus, immutability, blocks.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) plays a significant role in shaping smart cities by integrating vehicles, infrastructure, and information and communication technologies (ICT). IoV allows vehicles to connect and exchange information with each other and other smart devices contributing in shaping smart cities. IoV enables real-time data exchange between vehicles and traffic management systems. By collecting and analysing data on traffic flow, congestion, and road conditions, cities can optimize traffic signal timings, dynamically reroute vehicles, and provide drivers with real-time traffic updates. This improves traffic efficiency, reduces congestion, and enhances overall transportation systems. However, there is a risk that malicious vehicles may provide false information and interfere, or in the worst-case scenario, cause chaos on the roads. In order to address this issue, we propose a Blockchain-enabled intrusion detection system (BIDS) for the IoV network, in which vehicles share their mobility patterns with the traffic management system. BIDS formulates the mobility pattern of the vehicles in the form of blocks that are changed together. The blocks are validated and confirmed as the vehicle reaches the next location as claimed. Otherwise, the following blocks will become invalid and obviously will not be considered in the traffic management system. Our simulations show that the BIDS method can detect up to 98% of malicious vehicles when only 5% of the vehicles are malicious, and up to 85% when 40% of the vehicles are malicious.
Koteswara Rao Kodepogu, Mudigonda Dharmateja, J. M. S. V. Ravi Kumar, Muraboina Hari Pavan Gopi Krishna · 5 authors
In this exploration, our paper delves into the intricate implementation of robust authentication and transaction management within educational blockchain systems.Our project showcases a commitment to privacy and integrity, safeguarding interactions through advanced cryptographic techniques.The multifaceted capabilities of blockchain technology are showcased through the seamless maintenance of student records, the facilitation of secure voting processes, and the optimization of token transfers, collectively contributing to an ecosystem characterized by enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency.Our study uncovers insights into blockchain's transformative potential in education, redefining paradigms by introducing security measures and transparency to student-admin interactions.We highlight the successful implementation of blockchainbased authentication and transaction management systems, leading to enhanced educational processes.Additionally, we briefly outline our research design and methodology, emphasizing the rigorous approach to exploring blockchain applications.
Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha Wijesekara
Access Control (AC) in networking attempts to make sure that only authorized devices perform actions formed upon privileges defined for them with a view to prevent malicious users' entry and interaction in the communication grid. Blockchain solutions contain an arrangement of related blocks that naturally safeguards the trustworthiness, defending the incontestability, defend masked-identity of its transactions/transfers due to scattered consensus strategies and cryptographic solutions. Our survey comprehensively reviews BC-formed AC in broad scope of networking considering AC techniques while breaking down into 4 propositions and assessing them in terms of blockchain roles, AC technique and approach, network elements, and rest. We stockpiled a primary sample of 79 bibliographic references by weeding out them for screening criteria sought from scientific information reservoirs exploiting a qualitative and extensive strategy. Formed upon this survey, in blockchain-formed AC, blockchain can be exploited as an AC manager to administrate network devices and access information, implement automatic AC by means of smart contracts, secure storage of AC related data to reinforce overall AC security, and for safe data exchanging in the operation of AC. Minute assessment highlights that from blockchain-formed AC, 52.5% provide AC using blockchain itself or using smart contracts, 92.5% exploit sequential blockchain, 35% exploit PBFT consensus, provide 100% fine-grained and host-formed AC, 85% decentralized AC, 87.5% have single-factor authentication, 92.5% provide dynamic AC, and 45% have opted for IoT. Finally, we evaluate the chances and difficulties of the principle of blockchain-formed AC and then giving recommended actions to beat them.
Electronic voting system is the process of polling votes and counting votes. In most of the countries voting may now be done electronically, there are still several difficulties involved, including the expense of paper, how ballots are organized, the possibility of varying results when tallying the votes, and others. Duplicate votes pose a significant concern as they can be fraudulently cast by individuals. To focus on this issue, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is employed to enhance the voting procedure in a secured manner. A directed acyclic graph is used by the Internet of Things Application (IOTA), a promising distributed ledger system. Faster transaction confirmation, high scalability and zero transaction fees are achieved via the Directed Acyclic Graph structure. In both IOTA tangle and blockchain technology, the public cast duplicate votes. The unauthorized user can create duplicate votes in the blockchain as well as IOTA tangle. This can be focused in this proposed method. The double spending problem can be solved by using Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). This Optimization problem produces an improved result for resolving double spending in e-voting systems.
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In a democratic regime, voting is crucial to making collective decisions. Unfortunately, although this activity has great significance and value, little effort has been made to improve the way we vote. Paper ballots are still the most used method, although this method is relatively simple, brings many inconveniences, and represents a contradiction to the modern world and its advances. This paper mostly focuses on a review study of blockchain-based voting systems. It aims at identifying the strategies and the guidelines as well as provides a comprehensive end-to-end electronic voting system based on blockchain, with the help of cryptographic techniques such as zero-knowledge proofs to improve privacy. The novelty of this paper is that we tackle the limitations of electronic voting systems found in the literature, including cost, identity management, and scalability problems. Our purpose is to provide key elements for organizations on how to design their proper electronic voting system based on blockchain technology.
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
ABSTRACT Voting has always been a crucial topic of public attention for democratic reasons. The ease of use and low cost are the result of e‐voting being frequently used for such important decision outcomes. However, the tremendous authority and intervening data in current e‐voting systems make it risky and difficult to achieve correct equity and clarity in e‐voting. So, by combining e‐voting with blockchain technology, these issues can be resolved while providing reorganization and intervention‐resistant characteristics. A voter's improper manipulation, frequent voting, or non‐party voting, may also undermine fairness. A verifier is therefore required to check the e‐voting mechanism in order to ensure its effectiveness and control the process equality and fairness. In this paper, a Blockchain‐based e‐Voting Mechanism (BVM) is developed for providing the end to end security and fairness for transparent voting. This mechanism also provides a zero‐knowledge proof (ZP) based verifier to inspect the voting procedure against voter's mis‐operations and uses a novel Improved Master‐key Administration (IMA) based public key cryptography to attack prevention. The utilization of blockchain technology ensures transparency, anonymity, confidentiality, authentication, tamper resistance, and a high level of data integrity, making it a promising choice for modernizing and enhancing the electoral process. Also, the performance of BVM has been compared with similar voting mechanisms and analyzed based on time complexity, security analysis, performance factors like delay and throughput, and anti‐attack examination.
Open access
2 source records
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Traditional voting systems suffer from several shortcomings, such as low voter turnout (this can be attributed to factors such as inconvenient polling locations, long wait times, and limited voting hours. Many eligible voters may be discouraged from participating due to these barriers, which can result in an incomplete representation of the electorate's will), and lack of voter anonymity (in some traditional voting systems, it can be challenging to ensure complete voter anonymity. For instance, in small communities, it may be possible to discern how individuals voted based on the order in which they cast their ballots or through visual cues. Lack of anonymity can lead to concerns about coercion or intimidation, as voters may fear retaliation for their choices.). Moreover, the centralized nature of these systems can lead to concerns regarding data integrity and privacy. These challenges undermine the democratic process and diminish public trust in election outcomes. The project aims to address these challenges by implementing an Electronic Voting System (EVS) using Ethereum based blockchain technology and incorporating it with the HAAR Cascade algorithm which will detect users with the aid of machine learning. All voting and user data that goes into the Blockchain is securely stored and can be retrieved to check for correctness in real time by the aid of smart contracts. Blockchain's inherent properties of transparency, immutability, and decentralization offer promising solutions to the problems plaguing traditional voting systems. By incorporating the proposed techniques, the suggested EVS will provide secure, tamper-proof vote storage and counting.
Beulah Jayakumari, S. Lilly Sheeba, Maya Eapen, L. Jani Anbarasi · 7 authors
With the invention of Internet-enabled devices, cloud and blockchain-based technologies, an online voting system can smoothly carry out election processes. During pandemic situations, citizens tend to develop panic about mass gatherings, which may influence the decrease in the number of votes. This urges a reliable, flexible, transparent, secure, and cost-effective voting system. The proposed online voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology eradicates the flaws that persist in the existing voting system, and it is carried out in three phases: the registration phase, vote casting phase and vote counting phase. A timestamp-based authentication protocol with digital signature validates voters and candidates during the registration and vote casting phases. Using smart contracts, third-party interventions are eliminated, and the transactions are secured in the blockchain network. Finally, to provide accurate voting results, the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism is adopted to ensure that the vote has not been modified or corrupted. Hence, the overall performance of the proposed system is significantly better than that of the existing system. Further performance was analyzed based on authentication delay, vote alteration, response time, and latency.
The article presents the results of field studies, analysing the perspectives of blockchain developers on decentralised service delivery and elaborating on unique algorithms for lifetime ledgers to reliably and safely record e-government transactions in an intrinsically cross-referenced manner. New interesting technological niches of service delivery and emerging models of related data management in the industry were proposed and further elaborated such as the generation of unique lifetime personal data profiles, blockchain-driven cross-referencing of e-government metadata, parallel maintenance of serviceable ledgers for data identifiers and phenomena of blockchain ‘black holes’ to ensure reliable protection of important public, corporate and civic information.