Michael Henke, Christoph Besenfelder, Sandra Kaczmarek, Michael Fiolka
Digitalization requires a new form of management to master the transformation process of corporations and companies. The Dortmund Management Model structures the focus areas of the digital transformation along the management tasks goal, planning, decision, realization and monitoring as well as the common socio-technical subsystems technological, organizational and personnel - enriched by a fourth dimension: information. Additionally, the acceleration factors transformation, migration and change management are taken into account. This paper embraces a vision for a persistent management of production and supply chain networks in order to achieve a holistic Management 4.0. The emerging developments of technology, methods, tools and models in production and supply chain research are connected and merged into a big picture of digital supply chain management and logistics. The interfaces between management tasks show specific characteristics of digital business processes in particular, which are hereinafter exemplarily outlined: New business models and value-creation networks are based on adaption intelligent production systems, which are interconnected with digital models for continuous planning and reconfiguration. At the shop floor and between sites orders are completed by autonomous guided vehicles (AGV) with intelligent load carriers. Decentralized negotiations and decisions across company boundaries concluded with smart contracts are enabling reasonable and sustainable distribution of the value creation processes. Humans are still in the center of action – abilities are developed by integrated competence management, new learning approaches and human-centered assistance systems coupled with AI-based decision-making support. New types of organizations allow a synergetic collaboration of humans and machines. The benefit of integrating new production and transport technologies becomes assessable and accelerates the ongoing renewal of existing networks. This paper provides an overview of possible potential and connecting factors by linking different technological developments towards supply chain, logistics, production and management research and shows further research demands.
The coding and deployment of smart contracts in the construction industry are challenging because of the gap between the generality of existing modeling approaches for such contracts and the pertinence of business logic to construction management. This research proposes a formal model for smart contracts in the context of quality acceptance in the construction industry to reduce the threshold for applying smart contract technology. First, a conceptual scenario of smart contract-based quality acceptance in construction is analyzed. Second, a finite state machine-based model is proposed to formalize smart contracts for quality acceptance. Lastly, a Hyperledger-based case study is performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed formal model. This study contributes to the industrial application of formal modeling approaches for smart contracts in the field of construction.
Task: to develop a concept for implementing distributed Ledger technologies (blockchain) in passenger railway transport and to justify the approach to evaluating the effectiveness of these technologies. Methods: content analysis of special industry research, analysis of specialized statistical reporting on the use of digital systems and technologies, survey, mathematical modeling, and others. Result. The author analyzes the trends of the multimodal passenger transport market, in particular the European segment. It is established that due to the significant development of multimodality in passenger transport, transport organizations will be able to meet modern customer requests mainly when switching to network technologies, mainly to digital systems of distributed transaction data registry. The concept of passenger blockchain in transport is proposed: its functionality, platform composition, digital modules, additional services for passengers. The effects resulting from the introduction of blockchain in passenger transportation are systematized, the sources of their occurrence, and their quantitative assessment for the passenger railway complex of Russia is given. Practical significance: the results of the study deepen methodological developments in the field of economic evaluation of investment projects for the introduction of digitalization technologies. They are in demand by managers of transport companies, development specialists, and analysts who evaluate digital technologies.
Anton Krivonogov, Maxim Repin, Nii "Voskhod", Nikolay Fedorov
Every year, the technology of using smart contracts is attracting more and more attention from users due to the unique advantages that it possesses: automatic execution of transactions in a traceable and unchanging way without third party authorization. At the same time, a smart contract is one of the most vulnerable elements in distributed ledger systems, which can be susceptible to attack by intruders. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology that allows analyzing a smart contract for information security vulnerabilities and determining the security level of a smart contract before placing it in distributed ledger systems. Research methods: to achieve this goal, methods of static and dynamic analysis were studied, the most relevant information security vulnerabilities were identified, and parameters for calculating the criticality factor of vulnerability and the security level of a smart contract were determined. Result: a promising static-dynamic method for analyzing the vulnerabilities of a smart contract is proposed, which makes it possible to unambiguously determine the security level of a smart contract before its placement in the distributed ledger system. Its main parameters are set, and the reference security factors of a smart contract are determined. The complete algorithm of the static-dynamic method of analyzing a smart contract is described, and an example of a generated documentary security report based on the results of analyzing a smart contract is given.
Nikita V. Kuchin, Kirill O. Polyakov, Natalia G. Butakova
In this article, we describe the use of distributed ledger technology based on blockchain technology without mining to protect various kinds of transactions in corporate networks. The relevance of this topic comes from the rapid developments in the digitalization of the economy and other spheres of human activity. The digital economy has taken a strong position worldwide. Data are processed and transmitted electronically. At the same time, it becomes vulnerable to attacks of criminals and competitors during transfer and storage processes.The article proposes an approach to the protection of corporate transactions based on a distributed ledger with elements of blockchain technology in comparison with traditional methods.
G. V. Zubakov, Олег Дмитриевич Проценко, I.O. Protsenko
The presented study addresses the current problems in the implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in supply chain management mechanisms in the context of the digital economy. Aim. The study aims to analyze the application of the blockchain technology in modern economic processes from the perspective of logistics. Tasks. The authors consider the possibility of using the blockchain technology in the supply chain management system and explore ways to use the findings of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) in the fieldof digital economy to organize information standardization processes within the supply chains of foreign and mutual trade. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine approaches to the implementation of the blockchain technology in transport and logistics processes and to find opportunities for the implementation of smart contracts to ensure the traceability of the entire chain of commodity and information fl ws. Results. Implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in the logistics processes of foreign and mutual trade increases the transparency of information fl ws and the speed of decisionmaking. This technology would allow the parties to negotiate directly, minimizing potential risks and the time required to approve a supply deal. Conclusions. The authors consider the possibility of using a systematic approach to the digitalization of transport and logistics processes and the subsequent standardization of information interaction at the B2B, B2G, and G2G levels, segmented by separate fields of transport and foreign trade and individual economic sectors. As a conclusion, the study assesses the prospects of the practical implementation of blockchain mechanisms in the creation of industrial platforms — digital platforms that provide integrated services for businesses and the government using a single window system.
Vyacheslav Davydov, Alexander Gazaryan, Yash Madhwal, Yury Yanovich
The paper describes the transfer of exchange investment mechanisms to the cryptocurrency and tokenized assets market. We propose an architecture of a new token standard, which allows dividing different assets into a commodity. The implementation of the prototype on the Ethereum platform is provided. An example of the token application on the banking system is presented.
Mikhail Gorodnichev, E. G. Kukharenko, T. U. Salutina, Marina Moseva · 5 authors
Abstract This article is devoted to the development of an information system for conducting financial transactions on a cryptocurrency exchange based on blockchain technology. The paper provides a brief overview of the underlying technology, the advantages and disadvantages are identified, the design of the information system and user interface is carried out.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Advanced Computational Techniques in Science and Engineering
Subject of Research. The paper considers the process of generating reports in electronic learning systems. The aim is to optimize learning process management in generating reports using blockchain technologies. The paper analyzes existing learning management systems and their tools for generating and analyzing reports. Blockchain technology is reviewed in terms of educational opportunities. Method. The process of generating reports in the learning management system is presented as a mathematical model. It has been proven that the use of blockchain technology simplifies this process, since blockchain tools automatically register network events. A model for generating reports in the learning system using blockchain transactions has been developed. The model is implemented in a test version of the Ethereum blockchain using the smart contract mechanism. A smart contract records heterogeneous data of learning events to the blockchain without using special data structures. The blockchain stores data in a unified registry and registers event timestamp and event author’s address by itself. Event data is available through the geth console oriented for the Ethereum blockchain. Main Results. A method of learning process documenting using blockchain technology has been developed. The method does not require any special data model for storing learning events data, as well as special mechanism for recording event timestamp and event author’s address. Practical Relevance. Research results show that blockchain application provides for optimization of the learning process management.
The paper is devoted to the problem of using distributed ledgers as a tool to ensure trust among business process participants. The purpose of the paper is to offer a systematic review of the applied aspects of modern distributed ledger technologies, based on the experience of studying the technical and algorithmic concepts of the most famous and popular blockchain platforms. We analyze the main ideas underlying distributed ledgers, discuss in general the architecture of distributed ledger platforms, and classify existing systems. The principles of operation and features of permissionless and permissioned blockchain platforms are considered. An overview of the scope and capabilities of distributed ledgers from the perspective of a potential consumer of this technology is given. The actual problems of distributed ledgers are analyzed. Predictions are made about promising and unpromising applications of distributed registry systems. It is concluded that distributed ledger technologies, as an attempt to create a universal tool to solve the problem of trust in the remote implementation of business relations, have great potential for growth. However, they are characterized by a number of unresolved problems related to improving throughput and ensuring the business partners’ privacy.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect that halving has on the fair market value of bitcoins. The main hypothesis of the study is that the decline in the cost of miners’ remuneration for mining is a significant factor that affects the price of cryptocurrencies. The article examines the factors that regulate the issuing process. The significance of a limited supply of bitcoin is detailed in the article, as well as the mechanism for the implementation of the issue of new bitcoins. The study compares the historical inflation data of the US dollar and the projected data on the inflation of bitcoin. The article analyzes the main technical element of cryptocurrency – halving – when the miner’s reward is halved. This analysis includes the mathematical methods of statistical data processing. Research results show that reducing remuneration by half every four years leads to an increased market value of the cryptocurrency. This relationship is clearly illustrated by the Kendall rank correlation method. The results of the study can have a significant impact on the fundamental assessment of bitcoin and can also enable investors to assess any of the existing and operating cryptocurrencies according to this method.
The article deals with the investigation of acquisition cryptocurrency in time retrospective and aspects of its usage taking point to the change of the value and number of transactions by the most popular cryptocurrency Bitcoin, its usage, comparing with the most popular payment platforms and resources consumed per transaction. The methods of analysis of scientific resources and statistical data, systematisation and critical evaluation were used during the research process. Evaluation of the acquisition and usage of cryptocurrency, according to analysed aspects reveals various sides of the processes.
Abstract The article presents the results of the study of the blockchain technology. The main barriers of technology implementation were identified and ways for their elimination were suggested. Advantages and disadvantages of the technology were identified. It allowed for studies of feasibility of technology implementation for performing social and economic infrastructure tasks. The issue of effective application of this technology was studied. In Russia, the blockchain technology has been discussed by the Government of the Russian Federation and the State Duma. Despite some advantages, only in some countries, the blockchain technology is used in business processes. The blockchain technology can be used to solve logistics problems, data security tasks, political, economic and medical problems.
The global supply chain depends heavily on maritime logistics to transport a variety of goods, from raw materials, parts, to finished products. Maritime logistics has many advantages over air logistics concerning cost and cargo volume. Thus, many manufacturers choose maritime logistics to ship their parts or products to customers because it has lower transportation cost and higher cargo carrying capacity than that of air logistics. However, there are significant inefficiencies in shipping goods across countries due to the complexity of documentation and administrative procedures involved with multiple entities participating in maritime logistics. The rise of blockchain and cryptocurrencies may shed new light on improving efficiency and enhancing transparency for marine logistics processes. This paper explores the potential of applying blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in marine logistics. A proof-of-concept blockchain (and smart contract) application based on the Ethereum platform is developed to assess the feasibility of the new blockchain-based approach and evaluate the new approach against the current marine logistics practice.
The insurance business is looking for solutions to minimize its operational costs and time to process claims for losses. Blockchain technology gives advantages such as transaction security, process identification, process automation and payment speed. This paper presents an experimental implementation of smart contracts based on Ethereum blockchain for insurance services. A decentralized crypto-token, based on ERC20 standard for smart contract, is implemented. A web-based interface is created for sales of these crypto-tokens. The results from the experimental tests are presented.
Alexey V. Bataev, Ekaterina V. Plotnikova, Svetlana Gladkova
One of the main directions in the development of the digital economy is Industry 4.0 in industry and Fintech in the financial sector. Financial institutions are second only to telecommunication companies in the implementation of information and communication technologies. The introduction of innovative digital technologies contributes to the formation of new forms and tools of conducting business, opening new horizons for economic development. One of such innovative tools in the financial sector, based on digital technologies, is cryptocurrency, which has become one of the breakthrough areas in the field of electronic payment methods based on blockchain technology and innovative cryptographic protection technologies. The paper considers the basic concepts and principles of the establishing of an innovative means of payment - cryptocurrencies, analyzes the stages of development of this legal tender and classifications of the existing digital money, and conducts a financial analysis of the main parameters of the global cryptocurrency market that has been formed as of today. One of the main issues in the economic sphere is the issue of effectiveness of a financial instrument, the cryptocurrency capitalization inter alia. The question to what extent this or that cryptocurrency will become a promising investment tool is currently one of the most relevant. In this regard, the article presents and analyzes a multi-parameter predictive econometric model that defines the main parameters affecting capitalization of cryptocurrencies. Based on the study, further prospects and trends of the development of cryptocurrencies, the possibility of their integration into the existing global payment system are analyzed.
The purpose of this article is to identify blockchain's role in achieving logistic objectives, with the aim of pointing out the significance of blockchain technology in the digital transformation of logistics and transportation. Implementation of the blockchain technology in combination with IoT elements in logistics and transportation contributes to business process optimization, supply chain traceability and transparency, and significant financial savings. There are limitations as blockchain is at a relatively early stage of development with most projects. Therefore, the approach of theory building from multiple case studies was used. The article provides a comprehensive overview of current blockchain initiatives and use-cases. This article is believed to be the first to address the role of blockchain technology in achieving logistics objectives. Results from this research indicate that blockchain technology contributes to the achievement of logistics objectives.
This paper introduces a new method of Blockchain formation for reliable storage of personal data of ID-card holders. In particular, the model of the information system is presented, the new structure of smart ID-cards and information on these cards are proposed. The new structure of Blockchain, "Blockchain Tree", allows not only to store information from ID-cards but also to increase the level of security and access control to this information. The proposed Subchains system allows us to integrate Blockchain of the lower level to Blockchain of the higher level, allowing us to create a multilevel protected system.
Open access
3 source records
cs.CR
Cybersecurity and Information Systems
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
With the recent advancements in blockchain technology, it has become obvious that this technology is not just for crypto-currencies but instead can be used as a decentralized tool for better accountability. Blockchain has the capacity to transform the industries disruptively as it presents new features like smart contracts, tokenization of content, eliminating counterfeit products, supply chain improvement, digital twins, and end-to-end security. This paper presents a blockchain-based model for distributed and collaborative digital twin environments which is becoming indispensable in new “Any 4.0” era. The proposed model includes a public or private authority in the digital twin ecosystem providing non-repudiation of blockchain transactions, holistic security and privacy preservation. The proposed technique is based on the “X-by-design” and “X-as-a-service” principles which can be discussed as a novel model for better security, accountability and integrity in decentralized mechanisms. In order to elucidate, two case studies are described where the digital twin operations, stakeholders' activities and regarding transactions are stored on a blockchain.
A fractal analysis of the Bitcoin time series for the period from 2012 to 2019 is carried out: Hurst exponents were calculated, the behavior of this indicator in dynamics was investigated, V-statistics were plotted. For the automatic determination of the average length of the nonperiodic cycle in the information system of time series analysis, the smoothing method of V-statistics based on the Kaufman's adaptive moving average and simple moving average with different periods is proposed. The results fractal analysis of the time series of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency price show that the Bitcoin market is characterized by an inescapable efficiency, i.e. periods of effectiveness are replaced periods of inefficiency. This is manifested by changing the type of time series of Bitcoin prices from persistence to random and antipersistence, especially during periods of intense price growth, due to the significant influence on the mechanism of generation of time series of random factors.
Sergiy Obushnyi, Roman Kravchenko, Yevhenii Babichenko
In this research, authors consider the economic system as a transactional model of the exchange of values. In this case, economic relations are reduced to multiple transactions (transfer operations) of value (economic assets) between their participants (agents). The transfer of value is carried out by changing the rights to their ownership in accordance with a specific set of rules (protocol). Within this approach, the key issue is the choice of rules (protocol) of fixing and transferring rights to values between agents of economic relations, which guarantees the execution of a transaction without loss. The purpose of this article is to find a solution to the problem of guaranteed transfer of property rights to values based on Distributed Ledger Technology (blockchain). The object of the research is cluster economic systems with digital twins; the subject of the research is the protocol of transfer of values between digital twins.