Blockchain Papers

Bhupinder Singh, Komal Vig, Pushan Kumar Dutta, Christian Kaunert

No abstract is available for this record.

Mu’adil Faizin

Cryptocurrencies experienced a huge surge whose value reached more than US $ 191 million or Rp. 2.7 trillion. Interestingly, almost all types of cryptocurrencies do not have an underlying asset as a common underlying asset in ordinary investments. Bitcoin and Ethereum claims that its underlying asset is the coin miner charges from the amount of hardware and electricity used in the transaction. Tether and USDC claim that their underlying assets are in US dollars. This article examines Islamic law regarding the underlying assets in the form of coin mining fees and US Dollars. The questions that arise are, how is the study of Islamic law regarding the underlying asset in the form of coin mining fees and US Dollars? Furthermore, the ideal pattern of a cryptocurrency scheme that includes assets in the form of tangible goods refers to manafiul a’yan? This research uses the gate of legal philosophy approach, looks at the business scheme in terms of values and principles and then provides legal conclusions based on that assessment. From the research conducted, first, the underlying asset of coin mining costs cannot be said to be an underlying asset that is truly economically useful for coin owners, except for the technology access costs which are clearly experienced by all technologies. Second, the underlying asset in the form of US Dollars has clearer benefits, but this is contrary to Islamic law. Third, for the underlying asset in the form of tangible goods, ownership must always be included in every coin purchased.

Omolara Adeyoyin, Esther Nkem Awanye, Obiajulu Obiora Morah, Lovelyn Ekpedo

The rapid digital transformation in fund accounting has reshaped how financial institutions, asset managers, and regulatory bodies manage operational compliance, transparency, and efficiency. Emerging technologies such as cloud computing, robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI), and distributed ledger technologies (DLT) have automated key accounting workflows, reduced manual errors, and improved data accuracy in fund valuation and reporting. This review critically examines how digital transformation initiatives are redefining fund accounting processes—ranging from transaction reconciliation to compliance monitoring and investor reporting—within a framework of evolving global regulatory standards such as IFRS, GAAP, and MiFID II. Furthermore, it explores how predictive analytics and integrated enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems enhance operational resilience and enable real-time risk assessment. Challenges related to cybersecurity, data governance, and interoperability are also analyzed, with emphasis on how organizations are balancing technological innovation with regulatory obligations. By synthesizing current academic and industry perspectives, the paper provides a comprehensive view of the transformative potential of digital technologies in improving transparency, accountability, and governance in fund accounting. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and policy frameworks that can strengthen digital compliance ecosystems across the financial sector.

Independent Researcher, Dhruv Patel

Fraudulent activity detection within blockchain networks has become a critical concern due to the widespread adoption of decentralized technologies in financial and digital systems. The paper introduces a system that uses Blockchain and Machine Learning (ML)to strengthen the security of banks. Employing the services of the Ethereum blockchain dataset, the model applies a comprehensive methodology involving data preprocessing, feature engineering, Z-score normalization, and stratified data splitting. Genetic Algorithm-optimized Support Vector Machine (GA-SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are constructed and tested, and their results are then compared with those from Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. Metrics of accuracy by using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as measures. It was found that the GA-SVM model achieved the best results compared to other models, with MAE at 0.1032 and MAPE at 4.6938 on test data, which confirms its usefulness in real-time fraud detection. When the model connects with smart contracts, it helps prevent fraudulent activities and supports both transparency and good operations in blockchain-based finance.

Goutham Sabbani

Two of the most exciting advancements concerning the internet could be web3 and the metaverse.In addition to affecting how we interact with each other and with institutions over the internet, this advancement could also have an impact on how assets are traded, how we invest, and how we borrow.Some key components of web3 are already making some waves, some big and some peculiar, in finance.These components include decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and decentralized finance.

Young Sook Kim, Seng Phil Hong, Marko Majero

Existing big-tech platforms have controlled the sovereignty of digital services and user data, limiting the opportunities for users to experience platforms.These platforms' control policies were no exception in the content area of the platform.Users can only engage with content by viewing, commenting, emoticons, and sharing.Users were limited to engaging with content in the functions and areas designated by the platform, which meant they could not interact with opinion leaders or content creators equally.Consequently, concepts of Web 3 and MyData have emerged with the idea that the sovereignty of platform users should be restored to the user, not the platform.However, many papers on blockchain and smart contracts that can implement these concepts are mostly engineering or focused on laws such as content copyright.This study examines two purposes as a case study of qualitative research methods for a content platform named A3I®.First, this study identified the feasibility of implementing a blockchain-based content platform with universal value.It refers to the universal value that anyone can access information (data) securely and transparently in a Web 3.0 environment, including the concept of MyData, which empowers users to control their data.Second, this study highlighted that the Article Value Evaluation Mechanism (AVEM), including reward and revenue sharing systems, can enhance digital content activation through automatic payment programs of smart contracts in the platform.Furthermore, the study found that A3I platforms based on blockchain and smart contracts have stronger performance on technical and user-centric factors than other platforms without these technologies.In addition, the A3I platform with innovative technologies and AVEM shows better digital content activation by increasing "feedback frequency" than other platforms that increase "content frequency."Therefore, this study has academic and social significance by reflecting the universal values of Web 3.0 in platform design.It also has industrial significance by presenting a feasible blockchain platform business model.

Amit Kumar, Neha Sharma, Rahul Chauhan, Manish Sharma

The present research utilizes Topic Modelling as a methodology to acquire a deeper understanding of the goals and operations of Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs). This is achieved by examining textual data derived from the proposals put forth by these organizations. The issue at hand pertains to comprehending the multitude of ideas inside Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) and their alignment with the respective objectives of these entities. Through the application of Topic Modelling, we aim to investigate textual patterns, identify topics, and discern significant themes within the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) ecosystem. This research endeavor seeks to address the existing research gaps pertaining to the alignment of proposals with organizational objectives. This research aims to fill these knowledge gaps by examining the unique thematic priorities of various decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), providing insights into their functions, and elucidating their involvement in investment, community, technological, and monetary issues. Through the utilization of experimental research, this research provides DAO stakeholders with the ability to make wellinformed judgements, prioritize ideas, and customize methods in order to more effectively match with their distinct missions and objectives. Consequently, this research contributes to the enhancement of operational efficiency and governance within DAOs.

Vignesh Ramamoorthy H, Spelmen Vimalraj Santhanam, V. Vibithrapriya, R. G. Harshini

Nowadays the quest for electronic payments has created a huge ambit among academicians and businesspeople. At the same time, transactions are repressed because of the intervention of third parties. To overcome this situation, the great as well as the puzzling imposter arose which is now the area of interest called cryptocurrency. Bitcoins, Ethereum, and ripple are some embodiments of cryptocurrency. Investors do not always have a bed of roses with cryptocurrency as the frequent oscillation of prices is hard to forecast. The paper here deals with the forecasting of cryptocurrency prices by using data mining algorithms such as Bagging, K-NN, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Machine. The outcome specifies the accuracy value gained from the cryptocurrency forecasting model from which we can predict the price of the cryptocurrency.

Nawrin Afrin, Abhijit Pathak

No abstract is available for this record.

Ramya Thatikonda, Jainath Ponnala, Dileep Kumar Yendluri, M. Kempanna · 6 authors

Blockchain's impact on the finance sector has been monumental, overturning age-old financial systems and clearing the path for innovative financial offerings. AI has similarly had a profound effect on the industry. Blockchain and AI are merging forces in this paper, which explores their shared capacity to reshape the financial landscape… Enhanced stability and openness will be crucial for success. Fostering inclusivity is essential in the current climate. The study examines particular scenarios, including DeFi platforms and AI-powered credit scoring utilizing blockchain technology. The analysis explores the challenges encountered when implementing innovations in the financial sector, explicitly addressing regulatory compliance issues, security concerns, scaling difficulties, and data privacy concerns. This paper offers perspectives on the forthcoming landscape of these technologies. These perspectives shed light on regions ripe for growth and the significance of international collaboration. Tackling global economic difficulties is imperative in this respect.

Zijun Zhan, Yaxian Dong, Daniel Mawunyo Doe, Yuqing Hu · 8 authors

With the remarkable progress in teleoperation, physical fitness-based gender bias has become negligible within the construction sector. Nonetheless, the labor market remains male-dominated, posing tremendous unfairness toward females. In light of this, we developed a two-phase recruitment framework that utilizes blockchain, zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), deep reinforcement learning (DRL), and contract theory, aiming to enhance fairness, transparency, and automation. First, we devised a resume screening approach independent of gender to ensure fairness and alleviate gender bias in candidate assessment, by leveraging blockchain and ZKPs. In the second phase, we introduce a recruitment process that combines blockchain and DRL-based contract theory. This integration successfully mitigates gender bias that may arise from the self-disclosure property of contract theory. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conducted comprehensive simulations from various dimensions. The results demonstrated the robustness and superiority of our method.

P. William, Gunjan Sharma, Khyati Kapil, Partap Srivastava · 6 authors

Cloud computing and blockchain technologies are being utilized to build supply chains in an attempt to enhance firm performance and venture capital administration. This study provides real data that outlines the purpose of companies adopting blockchain technology to better their operations and services, and it does so by focusing on how these improvements may be achieved. This research's main goal is to assess the real activities and investments that organizations have made in blockchain technology. By analyzing the connections between venture capital, firm performance, and supply chain integration, it is clear that the advantages of venture capital, as well as those of supply chain technology innovation and optimization, play a significant role in the enhancement of corporate performance. According to the data that was collected, the time needed to complete a single blockchain transaction can range anywhere from 4,300 to 6,100 milliseconds, while the gas value required by the protocol model that was suggested is the same for blockchain transactions ranging in value from 104,000 to 116,000. It is feasible to improve the performance of firms that are supported by venture capital as well as the performance of the businesses. This article will serve as a resource for the purpose of understanding how blockchain technology will affect venture capital companies and the suppliers who do business with such businesses.

Rupa Khanna, Priya Jindal, Graţiela Georgiana Noja

Insurance history can be traced back to early human civilisation in the form of Granaries i.e., risk pooling early adopted by merchants for the transportation of goods through ships. In 1968, Lloyds, a formal company of insurance, came into existence. Since then, the insurance industry has evolved immensely and the insurers have witnessed a lot of disruptions. In the year 2008, blockchain technologies were thought of as the architecture for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency and are currently a burning area and the theme of various studies for various banking and financial payment-related industries. Blockchain can be a highly beneficial technology to simplify the complex processes of insurance. The insurance business runs on trust, but there are several frauds committed by people associated with the industry. Many times, insurance companies had paid the fraudulent claims due to lack of evidence and reported a loss of around 80 billion dollars, majorly 34 billion dollars reported from the property and casualty industry. Technology like blockchain is required to stop these practices and improve efficiency and trust while improvising transparency and reduction to claim costs. This chapter will discuss how blockchain technologies work, the applicability of blockchain 290 technology in insurance, smart contracts, the type of blockchain technologies, and transforming asset management and reinsurance.

Vandana Sharma, Prerna Ajmani, Celestine Iwendi

The term blockchain was coined in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto. Initially, it was used for carrying out decentralised transactions to solve the problem of fake transactions. In the past few years, this was explored extensively for cryptocurrency only, but, over some time, its potential has been explored in many areas. The major reason for the growing interest in this particular technology is that it provides a secure, reliable, and trusted platform to perform digital activities. This is executed without the involvement of any third party. Once the data is entered into the nodes, it is impossible to tamper it. Though blockchain is costly, it provides better solutions to many research problems in real time. In recent times, researchers have explored blockchain in deep and used it in many applications such as building smart contracts, supply chain management, digital identity providers, voting systems, banking, and finance applications, P2P learning, and insurance sectors. Through this chapter, the readers will get a systematic and detailed study of blockchain in the insurance sector and smart contracts and its current applications in the insurance sector. This chapter will also provide a fair idea of blockchain technology in the insurance sector and additionally its usage in specific applications. In the end, a relevant set of further reading references will be provided.

Dewi Khornida Marheni, Jenny Jenny, Isnaini Nuzula Agustin

Technological developments are increasing rapidly. This encourages increase the number of investors, especially in cryptocurrency. Investment decision considerations are influenced by investor behavior, including attitude, subjective norms, herd behavior, overconfidence, perceived risk, financial literacy, and investment intention. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of financial behavior that influence investment decisions. The sampling technique used is snowball sampling by distributing questionnaires to Indonesian investors who are currently/already using cryptocurrency. Data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. The samples used as test material were 274 respondents who are currently or have used cryptocurrency. The results state that attitude, overconfidence, financial literacy, and investment intentions have a significant influence on investment decision variables. Future research is expected to be able to add other variables. The object of research used by the author is only in the territory of Indonesia. Therefore, the authors suggest that it can expand the object of research so that it can strengthen the results of the research. Most of the previous studies used quantitative methods in obtaining data. Thus, future research is expected to be able to expand the object of research so that it can strengthen the results of the research and use mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative methods (interviews and questionnaires).

C. Madana Kumar Reddy, Rakesh Chandrashekar, K Nattar Kannan, H Pal Thethi · 6 authors

Software Defined Network (SDN) has permitted revolutionary networking solutions by the separation of manage and statistics planes and the centralization of network administration. Nevertheless, SDN networks without robust get right of access to manage may be prone to protection breaches and unapproved gain admission to, consequently giving significant hazards. Rapid and accurate anomaly detection and access control are important in cloud-aspect collaborative networks, given to the fact permitted devices have the opportunity to turn malevolent. We suggest the exploitation of a modern cloud-primarily based collaboration network architecture that makes use of SDN and neural networks to solve these challenging circumstances. Attribute-Based Access management (ABAC) and smart contracts give accurate community device access management in our machine. In addition, we present a totally new approach for identifying anomalies in Cloud-Edge Collaborative (KPI) data with the assistance of the employment of an effective aggregate of GRU-GAN. This hybrid technique finds prevalent devices, enabling preemptive discount of dangers. This response moreover employs blockchain era to beautify protection. The decentralised and tamper-evident structure of blockchain promotes obtain right of entry to manage and ensures the integrity of community transactions. Experimental effects argue that our method discovers irregularities greater across datasets. Network integrity is secured by the implementation of popularity-based get right of access to rules, which minimise malicious tool assaults. This full strategy blends SDN, neural networks, and blockchain generation to defend cloud-location collaboration networks against unapproved get right of access to and criminal hobby. This specialised technique secures network assets and creates the basis for current day-day community infrastructures to be lasting and truthful.

Alpana Duggal, Mandeep Gupta, Deepanshu Gupta

The metaverse is undergoing a transformative shift with the introduction of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) avatars, offering users unique and tradable digital identities. This research paper explores the significance of NFT avatars in the metaverse, emphasizing their role in redefining digital ownership, self-expression, and user engagement. Additionally, the paper delves into the issues and challenges associated with the promotion of NFT avatars, considering factors such as market dynamics, technological barriers, and user adoption. This paper is considering different NFT that are developed by various NFT Brands. These NFT could be used in future in Metaverse. At the end of research paper a case study of “Sizzling monster” NFT has been made. This NFT has very limited supply and several NFT brands have bought it at initial stage from Young Parrot Platform.

Dharmula Srinivas, Jaymin Shah, Kaustubh Arvind Sontakke, B. T. Geetha · 6 authors

In the last decade, bitcoin has grown in prominence. The unidentified and uncontrollable characteristics of bitcoins appeal to millions of individuals worldwide. Bitcoin study is devoted to locating the ether and estimating its digital pricing based on the bitcoin's previous digital pricing hikes. Because of the instantaneous prediction of digital pricing, earlier techniques for digital price prediction lack sufficient data and solutions for anticipating digital pricing shifts. We suggested a machine learning-based method for digital pricing prediction for a banking company depending on the challenges highlighted in Bitcoin digital pricing prediction. The suggested architecture includes a blockchain foundation for a secured deal setting and also a Reinforcement Learning technique for digital pricing assessment and prediction. The outcomes reveal that the provided framework outperforms another state-of-the-art method in terms of digital pricing prediction accuracy.

Kamal Upreti, Mustafizul Haque, Prashant Vats, V Vijaya Kumar · 6 authors

The blockchain technology consists of blocks and is a decentralized network of nodes (miners). Each block is made up of three parts: the data, the hash, and the hash from the previous block. After data has been stored, it is extremely difficult to temper the data. Transactions are verified by miners, who are compensated with a commission for their labor. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of blockchain technology from this review article, including how it may be used in a variety of industries including supply chains, healthcare, and banking. Most individuals were already familiar with Bitcoin as one of the well-known blockchain applications. In this section, we'll discuss a few of the countless research publications on the cutting-edge applications of this technology. We'll talk about the challenges that come with actually using these applications as well. Blockchain is an industry that is growing thanks to its more recent applications in a number of fields, such as hospital administration, cryptocurrency use, and other places. Only the manner that blockchain works and runs makes it possible for these applications.

Kuo-Hsien Lee, Wen-Hsien Tsai, Cheng-Tsu Huang, Jerry Tao · 8 authors

By using the machine learning of artificial intelligence to explore the application business opportunities of the Metaverse in the MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) interactive game market, we study the supply and demand laws of buyers and sellers at the market economy level, future trends, and business opportunities. The feasibility of its new products and services is explored under a pragmatic, cooperative model of the game community platform “Key to the Desert” case for the application level and business opportunities of Taiwan’s Metaverse markets. Online and offline integration (OMO; Online Merge Offline), precision marketing, and the customer management data platform (Customer Data Platform) are also explored in the application business opportunities of the Metaverse market. By combining the NFT (Non-Fungible Token) Monopoly game and MMORPG interactive games, we study the laws of supply and demand of buyers and sellers at the market economy level to provide third-party payment, electronic payment, mobile payment, and other transaction method certifications such as NFT (Non- Fungible Token). We also evaluation the future and security issues of cryptocurrency.

Shailesh Kediya, Shiney Chib, Nitu Chouhan, Anil Sharma · 6 authors

Proxy ReEncryption is proposed as a feasible and efficient cryptographic solution to the naturally occurring cloudbased problem of safe access delegation in this paper. In proxy reencryption, a proxy may switch ciphertexts from one public key to another without needing to decrypt the original plaintext. Therefore, it may be used to delegate decryption privileges, opening up a plethora of new use cases. The growing use of cloudbased file sharing is one such example. Here, we collect and analyze the most important features of current proxy reencryption methods. We test a variety of systems in practice and in theory before drawing conclusions about what works best. Finally, we discuss several concrete applications of proxy reencryption, with an emphasis on safe access delegation in the cloud.

Namryoung Lee

This study explores the relationship between a company’s cryptocurrency holdings and its sustainable performance. The study also looks into how factors such as external financial crises, internal financial conditions, and cash shortages affect the link between possession of cryptocurrencies and company sustainable performance. The empirical findings showed that while holdings of cryptocurrencies may generally have a negative impact on a company’s performance, cryptocurrency holdings by businesses during an external financial crisis such as COVID-19 may have a positive relationship with the sustainable performance of the business. The findings support earlier research that suggested cryptocurrency ownership can have both positive and negative effects on a company, but that it can also boost firm performance in times of external financial hardship. By demonstrating a higher favorable connection for larger amounts of cryptocurrency holdings, these results can be further supported. The implications of holding cryptocurrencies on internal and external financial strain vary. Regarding internal financial issues, it was discovered that keeping cryptocurrencies had a favorable impact on sustainable performance for financially healthy businesses. It was also demonstrated that the company’s cryptocurrency holdings, which it keeps despite its cash shortage, had a detrimental impact on performance. Even in such a case, it was confirmed that holding cryptocurrencies has a favorable impact on a company’s sustainable performance when it is in good financial standing. The findings imply that, despite the unavoidable external financial challenges, the internal financial condition must be healthily maintained if a business engages in cryptocurrency.

Eik Den Yeoh, Tinfah Chung, Yuyang Wang

The cryptocurrency market, specifically the non-fungible token (NFT) market, has been gaining popularity with the rise of social finance, game finance, metaverse, and web 3.0 technologies. With the increasing interest in cryptocurrency, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the market dynamics to aid investment decisions. This paper aims to analyze the impact of news sentiment on the prices of two cryptocurrencies, Green Satoshi Token (GST) and Green Metaverse Token (GMT). The sentiment analysis model used in this study is Finance Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (FinBERT), a pre-trained deep neural network model designed for financial sentiment analysis. Additionally, we introduce the use of the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to evaluate the sentiment result on the model’s performance. The study period covered from March 2022 to April 2022, and the sentiment score of the result generated by FinBERT on crypto, stock market, and finance news was found to be correlated with the prices of GST and GMT. The findings suggest that the sentiment score of GST reflects changes in the price earlier than GMT. These findings have significant implications for decision-making strategies and can aid investors in making more informed decisions. The research highlights the importance of sentiment analysis in understanding the market dynamics and its potential impact on the prices of cryptocurrencies. The use of FinBERT and XGBoost algorithms provides valuable insights into market trends and can aid investors in making informed decisions.

Prikshat Kumar Angra, Aseem Khanna, Gopal Rana, Manvendra Singh · 6 authors

Blockchain has built-in features like distributed ledgers, decentralized storage, identification, security, and the fact that data can’t be changed. Blockchain technology has a lot of promise in the healthcare field because it can help bring together different systems, improve the quality of electronic medical data, and make e-healthcare systems more focused on the patient. The latest blockchain study in the healthcare field is looked at and compared to a client-server architecture and other systems. The goal of this study is to show how different mechanisms, such as proof of work (PoW), byzantine fault tolerance (BFT), and practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT), work in blockchain-based e-healthcare system research and how the technology could be used. The open-source Docker platform can be used to make, share, and run applications. In this paper, a tool called Hyperledger Caliper is used to measure how well consensus methods work.