The paper considers the problem of providing auditing of granular transformations in heterogeneous Big Data processing systems. The use of distributed ledger technologies for tracking data fragment transformations is proposed. The authors make a comparison of technologies applicable to solve this problem, provide an analytical and experimental evaluation, recommendations for the application of the study results. In contrast to other similar works, the authors consider the application of various distributed ledger technologies and include the multiplatform requirement for the framework. The proposed framework is universal and can be used in heterogeneous multiplatform big data processing systems.
The problem of constructing a NIZK proof of knowledge of a multivariate polynomial’s zero is considered. A previously developed method for SNARK construction based on Quadratic Arithmetic Programs and Pinocchio protocol is adapted to solve the stated problem efficiently.
Open access
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Mathematical Control Systems and Analysis
Advanced Computational Techniques in Science and Engineering
Jan 1, 2020·Institutional Repository of Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University iRKNEU (Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman)
Стаття присвячена дослідженню передумов появи децентралізованих \nплатіжних систем. Історичні події та наукові досягнення було поділено на періоди за \nтехнологічними прийомами шифрування, що застосовувались в різні часи. Перший \nперіод (приблизно з 3-го тисячоліття до нашої ери) — це період моноалфавітних \nшифрів, основний принцип яких полягав у заміні алфавіту вихідного тексту іншим \nалфавітом через заміну букв іншими буквами або символами. Другий період (приблизно з ІХ століття нашої ери) пов’язаний з появою різних варіантів поліалфавітних \nшифрів. Третій період (перша половина XX століття) характеризується впровадженням електромеханічних пристроїв. При цьому тривало використання поліалфавітних шифрів. Наступним є період переходу до математичної криптографії (з \nсередини 1970-х до кінця 1990-х років XX століття) завдяки поширенню способу \nкриптографії з відкритим ключем. \nУ статті досліджено історію руху Шифропанків та ідеологію, яка була проголошена у \nманіфестах Тімоті Мея та Еріка Хьюза. У цих маніфестах визнається, що приватність — це сила вибіркового розкриття особистості світу і діяльність руху Цифропанків спрямована на побудову анонімних систем для захисту конфіденційності, анонімних систем пересилання пошти, цифрових підписів і електронних грошей. \nТакож проаналізовано роботу сучасних децентралізованих платіжних систем і визначено, що системи на основі алгоритму Proof-of-work засновані на обчислювальній потужності обладнання. Більшість нових блокчейн проектів йдуть дешевшим \nшляхом і використовують алгоритм Proof-of-stake. Функціональні криптоактиви — це \nлише операційне середовище, що дозволяє передачу певної вартості між користувачами без будь-яких посередників та без необхідності довіряти один одному або \nнадавати персональні дані. Гібридні (змішані) криптоактиви — це змішані концепції, \nякі можуть мати або гібридну систему консенсусу в мережі, або можуть поєднувати \nдва чи навіть кілька функціональних криптоактива. А от цифрова валюта центральних банків поки що не має практичної реалізації, але її запровадження активно просувається. \nThe article is devoted to the research of prerequisites for the emergence of \ndecentralized payment systems. Historical events and scientific developments have been divided into periods by technological encryption techniques used at different times. The \nfirst period (from about the 3rd millennium BC) is the period of mono-alphabetic ciphers, \nthe basic principle of which is to replace the alphabet of the original text with another \nalphabet by replacing letters with other letters or symbols. The second period \n(approximately from the 9th century AD) is associated with the emergence of different \nvariants of polyalphabetic ciphers. The third period (the first half of the XX century.) is \ncharacterized by the introduction of electromechanical devices. At the same time, the use \nof poly-alphabetic ciphers continued. The next is the period of transition to mathematical \ncryptography (from the mid-1970s to the end of the 1990s) due to the spread of open-key \ncryptography. \nThis article has analyzed the history of the Cypherpunk’s movement and ideology, which \nwas proclaimed by Timothy May and Eric Hughes. In their manifestos acknowledge that \nprivacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world and the activities of the \nCypherpunk’s movement are aimed at building anonymous privacy protection systems, \nanonymous mail forwarding systems, digital signatures and electronic money. \nAlso has been analyzed the modern decentralized payment systems and it is determined \nthat the systems on the Proof-of-work algorithm are based on the computing power of the \nequipment. Most new blockchain projects go the cheaper way and use the Proof-of-stake \nalgorithm. Functional crypto-assets are just an operating environment that allows the \ntransfer of value between users without any intermediaries and without the need to trust \none another or provide personal information. Hybrid (mixed) crypto-assets are mixed \nconcepts and can either have a hybrid network consensus system or can combine two or \neven several functional crypto-assets. Currently the digital currency of the central banks \nhas not been practically implemented, but its introduction is actively advancing.
We propose a cryptographic protocol with zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) on elliptic curves (EC) using public keys and random messages, allowing to establish the truth of a statement not conveying any additional information about the statement itself. The cryptographic protocols based on zero-knowledge proof allow identification, key exchange and other cryptographic operations to be performed without leakage of sensitive information during the information exchange. The implementation of the cryptographic protocol of the zero-knowledge proof on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of elliptic curves allows to significantly reduce the size of the protocol parameters and increase its cryptographic strength (computational complexity of the breaking). The security of cryptosystems involving elliptic curves is based on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. We determine the completeness and correctness of the protocol and give an example of the calculation is given. The cryptographic protocol was modeled in the High-Level Protocol Specification Language, the model validation and verification of the protocol were also performed. The software verification of the cryptographic protocol was performed using the software modules On the Fly Model Checker and Constraint Logic based Attack Searcher. In order to validate the cryptographic protocol resistance to intruder attacks, we used the Security Protocol Animator package for Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications. The security of the proposed cryptographic protocol ZKP EC is based on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem). The recommended elliptical curves according to DSTU 4145-2002 may be used to implement such cryptographic protocol.
P. S. Belyaev, Khu Ven–Tsen, Л Г Варепо, Zh. D. Iztayev · 6 authors
Development of conventional automated systems with a centralized structural organization, satisfying the applicable operational requirements in terms of an accurate solution to the control problem, speed and the required computing resources is usually difficult or impossible for such industrial facilities as complex reactor systems. This is explained by the fact that the emerging control problems are extremely complex due to the necessity of taking into account a large number of parameters that remain in diverse, numerous and complex relations. Hence, the creation of automated control systems based on the centralized principle of construction and holistic representation of the control object is often cost-intensive due to the need for significant computing resources to ensure its effective functioning. The elimination of these difficulties can be achieved by a structured representation of the reactor system and structuring the control problem. In such a case, this problem is assumed to be solved in the decentralized control system consisting of a set of local control systems that operate autonomously, and the coordinating body which correlates their functioning. The desired optimum for the reactor system as a whole is achieved as a result of information interchange between local control systems and the coordinating body. In the process of this interchange, local control systems solve optimization problems for individual elements of the reactor system taking into account the impacts of the coordinating body, while the coordinating body solves the global problem of the reactor system optimization as a whole by means of proper coordination of local problem solutions. The arising local optimization problems and the global coordination problem are much simpler than the initial problem of the reactor system control. Therefore, their solution is less expensive in terms of consumed computing resources. To realize the decentralized approach in this class of control objects, it seems appropriate to use a method of situational decomposition. This method provides ample opportunities for varying the control scheme, and it does not impose special requirements on the structure of the initial optimization problem as opposed to the classical decomposition methods. Verification of this assumption is performed through experimental research in the form of model reactor system control simulation with situational decomposition of the control problem.
This paper considers the tasks of supporting the connectivity of nodes in communication networks of unmanned transport (VANET/MANET-networks). High dynamics, decentralization and absence of hierarchy in the networks of this type actualize the task of supporting the connectivity of nodes with software-configurable security services, providing the network protection. It is offered to use a Blockchain technology based system for VANET/MANET network topologyand authentication data distribution and storage. The issue of unlimited blockchain growth preventing this method from being implemented in VANET/MANET networks is considered. The existing solutions of this issueare analyzed and drawbacks are identified. A notion of blockchain with floating genesis block is introduced and its advantages over similar ideas are demonstrated thus allowing it to be used to resolve the issue of continuously growing blockchain within the systems with stalingtransactions as a whole and in VANET/MANET networks in particular.