Mohd Majid Akhtar, Mohammad Zubair Khan, Mohd Abdul Ahad, Abdulfattah Noorwali · 6 authors
BACKGROUND: Consumer electronics or daily use home appliances are the basic necessity of every household. With the adoption of IoT in consumer electronics, this industry is set to rise exponentially. In recent times, the demand for consumer electronics rises amidst the pandemic due to a paradigm shift from in-office culture to work from home. Despite intelligent IoT devices, smart home configuration, and appliances at our disposal, the rudimentary client-server architecture fails to provide facilities like full access control of data and devices, transparency, secured communication, and synchronization between multiple devices, etc. to the users. METHODS: To overcome these limitations, Blockchain technology has been adopted in recent years, however, it has its own set of limitations in its widespread implementation. Hence, we propose a methodology using the IOTA platform, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) for secured communication between consumer electronics devices and appliances. RESULTS: The implementation provides access control, interoperability, data storage, and management with an exploratory insight towards a decentralized micro-payment use-case between Electric cars and charging stations.
Ronan D. Mendonça, Otávio Santos Gomes, Luiz F. M. Vieira, Alex Borges Vieira · 6 authors
In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based cold chain technology for vaccine cooling track. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions of people. An important step towards ending the pandemic is vaccination. Vaccines must be kept under control temperature during the whole process, from fabrication to the hands of the health professionals who will immunize the population. However, there are numerous reports of vaccine loss due to temperature variations, and, currently, people getting vaccinated have no control if their vaccine was kept safe. Blockchain is a technology solution that can provide public and verifiable records. We review the World Health Organization (WHO) cool chain and Blockchain technology. Moreover, we describe current IoT temperature monitoring devices and propose Blockcoldchain to track vaccine cold chain using blockchain, thus proving an unalterable vaccine temperature history. Our experimental results using smart contracts demonstrate the system's feasibility.
A. Sivasangari, Upendher Rao Polishetty, Ajitha, Anandhi · 5 authors
In city zonsiimproper manner prompting duplicating of germs that can cause ailment. There is a distinction in how as often as possible they utilize these litter canisters in different locales. Intermittent checking with timing holes doesn't help. They may flood at times significantly sooner than anticipated. To evade this and to improve the cleaning, a shrewd trash observing technique to discover when the trash bin is full is proposed in this paper. The strategy's plan assembles such data just as communicates it by means of an organization of remote sort. In this proposed technique, detecting of the dustbin's refuse level is finished by sensors just as data is sent to the authority portable station by means of GSM and GPS module. On the web observing of the trash level at control room is made utilizing a WiFi Module. Arduino processor interfaces the arrangement of sensors with the organization modules. This information helps contracted cleaners as well as the individuals who give trash bins, speedily void to keep up the territory perfect.
G. Vidhya Lakshmi, Subbarao Gogulamudi, Bodapati Nagaeswari, Shaik Reehana
Inventory management is a part of the supply chain where inventory and quantities of stock are tracked in and out of the stockroom. Proper handling of inventory will leads to successful supply chain management in any organization. QR codes make this inventory management speedy. This fast information transfer will also reduce the number of errors in inventory records and also gives accurate results to make informed decisions during frequent reviews. But based on Quick Response (QR) code for inventory management will become a centralized database. Blockchain facilitates manufacturers to connect each party from distribution centers and retail partners, to suppliers and production sites - with an abiding record of each, single exchange that occurred. These put away records are available to everybody inside the P2P organize and gives decentralization. The degree of straightforwardness and permanency gave in blockchain are frequently useful for manufacturers to oversee item roots and traceability. Smart contracts, one of the features of blockchain, have built-in automation, which makes a lot of sense for transaction management. In this paper, we are using both the features of QR code and blockchain for transparent, distributed, and reliable inventory management.
Abstract This system is designed by using Lolin D32 as the processor dan MPL3115A2 for the sensors. This system is designed to show that devices that based on Internet of Things (IoT) could be secured by using blockchain technology. The blockchain technology is based on Ethereum which will be tested in Ropsten Testnet network. Processor module connects to Internet through WiFi module which is one of the Lolin D32 features. This WiFi module connects to router which is used for designing and testing the system. This system wants to prove that the data which are acquired from sensor module MPL3115A2 (altitude, temperature and pressure) and positioning data could be sign and verify within the processor Lolin D32. Before sending the data, the data will be formatted. Data will be stored in smart contract. The smart contract is an Ethereum program which is written using Solidity language. This smart contract is delployed into Ropsten network. The numbers of testing that have been carried out are 516 times. These testings proved as success. The data which were sent to Ropsten network could be proved that they were recorded successfully. These are done by checking through etherscan.io.
Monitoring and keeping track of the health status of a patient at home is a difficult task.Especially old age patients should be periodically monitored and their health status needs to be informed to the concerned doctor from time to time so that an immediate required action can be taken.Our aim is to address these challenges.In this paper, we propose a system that puts forward a smart health monitoring system that uses sensors to track patient's health and uses internet to inform their respective doctor or family members in case of any emergency issues.The system is developed for patients who are not in critical condition but need to be periodically monitored by the doctor or any family member.Our system uses temperature as well as heartbeat sensor to keep track of patient health.It mainly focuses on the situation where the doctors and patients are at distant location and it is very important to give the entire details about the patient to the doctor.If the system detects any abrupt changes such as body temperature rises above the given limit or abnormality in the heartbeat, the system automatically alerts the doctor about the patient's status over IOT device.As per tracked by the smart patient health monitoring system, the doctor can take the required action.The information that has been sent to the doctor can be made secure without any interference of the third party through Blockchain technology by making use of smart contract.
Blockchain is an emerging field of study in a number of applications and domains. Especially when combine with Internet of Things (IoT) this become truly transformative, opening up new plans of action, improving engagement and revolutionizing many sectors including agriculture. IoT devices are intelligent and have high critical capabilities but low-powered and have less storage, and face many challenges when used in isolation. Maintaining the network and consuming IoT energy by means of redundant or fabricated data transfer lead to consumption of high energy and reduce the life of IoT network. Therefore, an appropriate routing scheme should be in place to ensure consistency and energy efficiency in an IoT network. This research proposes an efficient routing scheme by integrating IoT with Blockchain for distributed nodes which work in a distributed manner to use the communicating links efficiently. The proposed protocol uses smart contracts within heterogeneous IoT networks to find a route to Base Station (BS). Each node can ensure route from an IoT node to sink then base station and permits IoT devices to collaborate during transmission. The proposed routing protocol removes redundant data and blocks IoT architecture attacks and leads to lower consumption of energy and improve the life of network. The performance of this scheme is compared with our existing scheme IoT-based Agriculture and LEACH in Agriculture. Simulation results show that integrating IoT with Blockchain scheme is more efficient, uses low energy, improves throughput and enhances network lifetime.
T Velmurugan, P. Prakasam, Noor Mohammed, K Saravanan
In city areas where people are more, managing garbage is in an inappropriate way leading to multiplying of germs that can cause illness. There is a difference in how frequently they use these litter bins in various regions. Periodic checking with timing gaps does not help. They may overflow at times even earlier than expected. To avoid this and to enhance the cleaning, a smart garbage monitoring method to find when the garbage can is full is proposed in this paper. The method’s design gathers such information as well as transmits it via a network of wireless type. In this proposed method, sensing of the dustbin’s trash level is done by sensors as well as information is transmitted to the official mobile station via GSM and GPS module. Online monitoring of the garbage level at control room is made using a WiFi Module. Arduino processor interfaces the system of sensors with the network modules. This data helps contracted cleaners as well as those who provide garbage cans, promptly empty to maintain the area spick and span..
Land is an immovable unique property, its value depends on its location and to prove the ownership of the land, one must provide various legal documents that should conclusively prove it. Due to this reason a land administration and ownership title registration system should be highly secure to avoid any document forgery. The current real estate registration process take a long time to update in the centralized databases maintained in the government registration department, other departments related to the properties which creates numerous property ownership title disputes. The process of storing the land transaction records on centralized storage servers is vulnerable for the hackers to tamper the records to make duplicate, modify and forge the original transactions and also maintaining the ownership title i.e sale deed in the paper documents may lead to missing, damage of documents and also due to human errors it may contain improper, incomplete details related to the property. This paper proposes a system called the Blockchain based Secure Smart Property Registration Management System (SSPRMS) which provides a solution of tamper free, permanent storage of real estate transaction information records on the decentralized distributed public digital ledgers called hyper ledgers. The SSPRMS provides secure, instant the transfer of ownership title without the help of third party, with zero transaction cost using Smart Contracts, implemented based on PoW consensus algorithms, also providing the self-notarization mechanism, and availability of evidence for the land title from distributed databases and a Smart Property Cards (SPC) provides a mechanism for storing updated owner ship title and other details of the property in the digitized form on the digital smart cards instead of storing these information in the paper documents which eradicate the property related disputes, the fraudulent, illegal registrations of property ownership titles.
The Internet of Things paradigm enables various applications in different fields through the exponential increase of devices and sensors. Architecting systems based on Internet of Things concepts is very challenging and has focused mostly on a centralized approach. Decentralized or distributed architectures aren't straightforward concepts for IoT applications, but through the distributed ledger and Blockchain implementations that provide better identification, security and data integrity the fully distributed system architecture can become a reality. Major cloud vendors these days are using edge computing platforms to bring the cloud closer to the device, using a locally centralized system based on edge agents, which can be seen as a partially decentralized module in the full IoT cloud picture. Blockchain allows this edge IoT environment to become distributed if services or functions installed on the edge agent are used by the device to gain Blockchain capabilities. If more capable devices are deployed, then the Blockchain functionality can be embedded in the IoT and the system becomes a fully distributed peer-to-peer network.
This paper is executing a food menu function for customer to search as well as upload food in sequence. Nowadays, mobile devices with wireless technologies have appeared into the humanity industry in particularly restaurants with the development of food ordering system. Most of the restaurants are used in the manual ordering system, which is involving papers and pen. In this method has can be very slow and can occur in error in noting down the users orders. Additionally, large numbers of peoples are needed to use the online ordering system. It is more helpful and reduces the users waiting time. In this work presents the customer has been creating the registration he/she then the password will be generated. The user can create the account and login into the system and show the restaurant food menu details. Select the food item from the menu. Adding the customer data will be updated and delete the food orders from the menu bar. Update the cost of product details and update the additional information like photo, description etc. If the customer no need item remove all items from the current order and to show the payment details as well as type the location from the mobile. Finally, the notification SMS can be received from the mobile and view the place order. The existing supply chain method is not efficient enough to take care of the food safety at every stage. Due to in efficiencies in the food supply chain, food industry faces countless challenges.But the rising distributed ledger technology; block chain can improve the food safety by connecting multiple stakeholders like farmers, processors, retailers, as well as consumers.
Blockchain technology and Internet of Things are two of the most popular technologies today. IoT is an interconnection of devices that has the capability to sense, measure, process the state of environmental indicators as well as themselves and actuate based on the input provided. It can help create smart solutions that can enhance the quality of life of people. Likewise, blockchain is distributed database systems that promise high level of security and availability of data with least transaction overhead. In this thesis, we attempt to bring together these two technologies to develop a Smart Waste Management System (SWMS). The SWMS is weight-based i.e. users have to pay for use of services as per the amount of waste they produce. Payments are made using a custom cryptocurrency regulated by Smart Contracts and the entire SWMS can be funded by a DAO through a totally automate, highly secure process. Blockchain can help lower the penetration and service cost which can be specially beneficial to developing countries \nwhere governments are not very resourceful. This thesis attempts to establish a proof of concept through measurement of performance and assessment of applicability of such a system.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer an excellent opportunity to monitor environments, and have a lot of interesting applications, some of which are quite sensitive in nature and require full proof secured environment. The security mechanisms used for wired networks cannot be directly used in sensor networks as there is no user-controlling of each individual node, wireless environment, and more importantly, scarce energy resources. In this paper, we address some of the special security threats and attacks in WSNs. We propose a scheme for detection of distributed sensor cloning attack and use of zero knowledge protocol (ZKP) for verifying the authenticity of the sender sensor nodes. The cloning attack is addressed by attaching a unique fingerprint to each node, that depends on the set of neighboring nodes and itself. The fingerprint is attached with every message a sensor node sends. The ZKP is used to ensure non transmission of crucial cryptographic information in the wireless network in order to avoid man-in-the middle (MITM) attack and replay attack. The paper presents a detailed analysis for various scenarios and also analyzes the performance and cryptographic strength.