T Velmurugan, P. Prakasam, Noor Mohammed, K Saravanan
In city areas where people are more, managing garbage is in an inappropriate way leading to multiplying of germs that can cause illness. There is a difference in how frequently they use these litter bins in various regions. Periodic checking with timing gaps does not help. They may overflow at times even earlier than expected. To avoid this and to enhance the cleaning, a smart garbage monitoring method to find when the garbage can is full is proposed in this paper. The method’s design gathers such information as well as transmits it via a network of wireless type. In this proposed method, sensing of the dustbin’s trash level is done by sensors as well as information is transmitted to the official mobile station via GSM and GPS module. Online monitoring of the garbage level at control room is made using a WiFi Module. Arduino processor interfaces the system of sensors with the network modules. This data helps contracted cleaners as well as those who provide garbage cans, promptly empty to maintain the area spick and span..
Research related to electric vehicles (EVs) is mainly focused on hardware such as battery charging method, and there is still a lack of software (service oriented) research such as billing system that needs to be developed realistically. The result of the charge measured in the charging EV can be different from the charge amount claimed to be charged in the charging station. This is because the charge is measured separately from each other using its smart meters. And if mechanical measurements are assumed to be accurate, it is possible to lie in one of the EV or charging station. Also, billing information can be manipulated. To prevent those problems, this paper proposes the blockchain based billing system. The EV and the charging station store the billing information in the blockchain after mutual authentication and prevent the modification. A blockchain is the system in which all nodes have the same ledger, therefore cannot be tampered with. This prevents a user from modifying the record after charging.
Internet of Things: Technologies and Applications for a New Age of Intelligence outlines the background and overall vision for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), as well as associated emerging technologies. Key technologies are described including device communication and interactions, connectivity of devices to cloud-based infrastructures, distributed and edge computing, data collection, and methods to derive information and knowledge from connected devices and systems using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Also included are system architectures and ways to integrate these with enterprise architectures, and considerations on potential business impacts and regulatory requirements. New to this edition: • Updated material on current market situation and outlook. • A description of the latest developments of standards, alliances, and consortia. More specifically the creation of the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) and its architecture and reference documents, the creation of the Reference Architectural Model for Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0), the exponential growth of the number of working groups in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the transformation of the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) to OMA SpecWorks and the introduction of OMA LightweightM2M device management and service enablement protocol, the initial steps in the specification of the architecture of Web of Things (WoT) by World Wide Consortium (W3C), the GS1 architecture and standards, the transformation of ETSI-M2M to oneM2M, and a few key facts about the Open Connectivity Forum (OCF), IEEE, IEC/ISO, AIOTI, and NIST CPS. • The emergence of new technologies such as distributed ledgers, distributed cloud and edge computing, and the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence for IoT. • A chapter on security, outlining the basic principles for secure IoT installations. • New use case description material on Logistics, Autonomous Vehicles, and Systems of CPS Standards organizations covered: IEEE, 3GPP, IETF, IEC/ISO, Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), ITU-T, GS1, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Open Mobile Alliance (OMA, e.g. LightweightM2M), Object Management Group (OMG, e.g. Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN)), oneM2M, Open Connectivity Forum (OCF), W3C Key technologies for IoT covered: Embedded systems hardware and software, devices and gateways, capillary networks, local and wide area networking, IoT data management and data warehousing, data analytics and big data, complex event processing and stream analytics, control systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence, distributed cloud and edge computing, and business process and enterprise integration. In-depth security solutions for IoT systems Technical explanations combined with design features of IoT and use cases, which help the development of real-world solutions Detailed descriptions of the architectures and technologies that form the basis of IoT Clear examples of IoT use cases from real-world implementations such as Smart Grid, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, Logistics and Participatory Sensing, Industrial Automation, and Systems of CPS Market perspectives, IoT evolution, and future outlook