Rosario Gilmary, N Manvizhi, M Abinanthida, H. B. · 5 authors
Efficient management of construction waste is essential for achieving sustainability in building projects. However, current waste tracking systems often lack waste transparency, traceability, and trust among stakeholders. This study suggests a blockchain-based framework to improve how construction waste information networks operate. By using distributed ledger technology, the system allows safe data sharing among stakeholders, while minimizing data manipulation and inefficiencies. A prototype was created and tested using simulated construction waste scenarios. The testing showed better data accuracy and traceability. Results showed a 35% increase in waste audit reliability and a major decrease in reporting delays. The proposed method provides a scalable and tamper-proof solution for sustainable waste management. Future work will look at real-world implementation and how it can fit with regulatory platforms..
Purpose Widespread food waste, lack of supply chain coordination, the need for robust traceability systems and limited empirical research on blockchain’s real-world benefits all pose significant hurdles for the global food industry to overcome. This research delves into the application of blockchain technology within a food supply chain to tackle the widespread issue of food wastage and enhance overall operational efficiency. Moreover, the paper explores the potential advantages, managerial implications and constraints associated with blockchain-enabled traceability systems in the food industry. Design/methodology/approach By utilizing a discrete event simulation model, the study investigates how blockchain-based information-sharing impacts food waste reduction, resource utilization and costs within a complex five-tier supply chain network. Findings The findings not only aid in optimizing decision-making processes but also in enhancing the information-sharing infrastructure, ultimately benefiting both consumers and food suppliers. Originality/value The simulation-based analysis provides practical insights for food industry managers and government officials seeking to improve their information-sharing systems, leading to enhanced food quality, customer satisfaction and brand image. In essence, this research contributes to optimizing decision-making in the food industry sector, benefiting both customers and providers.
The global food waste crisis poses significant environmental and economic challenges, particularly within institutional settings such as university campuses. At NSBM Green University, South Asia’s first green university, traditional food waste management systems are hampered by opacity and unverifiable data, impeding effective reduction strategies. This paper proposes a blockchain-based Smart Campus Waste Management Platform to revolutionize food waste tracking in campus canteens. Utilizing blockchain’s immutability, smart contracts, and integrated authentication, the system ensures secure, tamper-proof data management. It captures real-time waste data through authenticated manual inputs, processes it via a secure gateway, and records it on an Ethereum ledger, enabling precise sustainability reporting and data-driven interventions. The study details the system’s architecture, implementation with Ethereum and Solidity, and alignment with NSBM’s sustainability goals. Key benefits include enhanced accountability, optimized waste reduction, and reinforced green leadership, with future enhancements such as AI integration, scalability, and incentive mechanisms addressing potential challenges.
The global coffee supply chain is a complex multi-stakeholder ecosystem plagued by fragmented records, unverifiable origin claims, and limited real-time visibility. These limitations pose risks to ethical sourcing, product quality, and consumer trust. To address these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain and IoT-enabled framework for secure and transparent coffee supply chain management. The system integrates simulated IoT sensor data such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) identity tags, Global Positioning System (GPS) logs, weight measurements, environmental readings, and mobile validations with Ethereum smart contracts to establish traceability and automate supply chain logic. A Solidity-based Ethereum smart contract is developed and deployed on the Sepolia testnet to register users and log batches and to handle ownership transfers. The Internet of Things (IoT) data stream is simulated using structured datasets to mimic real-world device behavior, ensuring that the system is tested under realistic conditions. Our performance evaluation on 1000 transactions shows that the model incurs low transaction costs and demonstrates predictable efficiency behavior of the smart contract in decentralized conditions. Over 95% of the 1000 simulated transactions incurred a gas fee of less than ETH 0.001. The proposed architecture is also scalable and modular, providing a foundation for future deployment with live IoT integrations and off-chain data storage. Overall, the results highlight the system’s ability to improve transparency and auditability, automate enforcement, and enhance consumer confidence in the origin and handling of coffee products.
Coffee is consumed worldwide, with its supply chain starting with coffee growers, who benefit least from it. Across its production, distribution, and commercialization processes, there are risks and issues that could damage the safety and authenticity of this product. Therefore, the coffee industry is looking for innovative technologies that allow traceability in the coffee supply chain. In this context, blockchain technology offers a promising solution as it supports traceability via a decentralized system that allows immutable records and transparent access; it also promotes collaborative work and removes intermediaries by generating trust between participants. This systematic literature review describes the state-of-the-art in research and development about the use of blockchain technology to improve traceability in the coffee supply chain. We also outline the open challenges that remain to be addressed in this field. We use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to achieve this goal. Our findings suggest that the developments are mainly conceptual designs and prototypes, focusing on tracing products and verifying their authenticity using the Ethereum or Hyperledger blockchains. Also, our results show various challenges on the technology side, like efficiency improvements, integration with other technologies, infrastructure, and a lack of standards. There are also challenges at the management level, like the necessity of agreements for traceability processes, data governance, willingness to invest and pay, education, and support to deploy the technology on farms. After overcoming these open challenges, blockchain technology can improve traceability and increase value for stakeholders in the coffee supply chain.
M. S. Sadiq, Invinder Paul Sıngh, Muhammad Makarfi Ahmad, Bashir Sanyinna Sani
Post-harvest losses represent a major challenge to global food systems, accounting for up to 30–50% of agricultural output losses, particularly in perishable crops such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, and fish. These losses significantly impact food security, farmer incomes, and national economies—most acutely in developing countries where infrastructure is limited. Cold storage technologies have emerged as one of the most effective solutions to address this issue by preserving the quality and shelf life of perishable produce. In recent years, agritech start-ups, driven by innovative youth entrepreneurs, have been at the forefront of deploying scalable and affordable cold storage solutions, ranging from solar-powered cooling units to mobile refrigeration systems and decentralized storage networks. This communication critically examines the dynamic intersection of cold storage innovations, youth entrepreneurship, and agricultural value chains. It explores the relevance of key theoretical models such as innovation diffusion theory, sustainable livelihoods framework, and supply chain integration theory to understand the adoption and impact of cold storage technologies. Through case studies and evidence from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we highlight how youth-led start-ups are leveraging technology, financing, and digital platforms to bridge critical gaps in agri-logistics. Despite these promising developments, challenges persist, including high capital costs, inconsistent energy supply, inadequate technical skills, and weak policy support. As such, this study explores enabling policy frameworks, investment opportunities, and capacity-building strategies necessary for the sustainable deployment of cold storage solutions. Emphasis is placed on the transformative potential of youth-driven innovations in shaping resilient, inclusive, and climate-smart agri-food systems.
Bar Hoter, Moran Koren, Dorit Nitzan, Stav Shapira · 5 authors
Food and nutrition insecurity is a growing global challenge, exacerbated by crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions in supply chains caused by geopolitical events. This study introduces a hybrid Web3-Web2 system to enhance food security through monitoring the transaction-based food system at a national level. The system comprises elements based on blockchain technology and business intelligence (BI) in the state of Israel. By combining the decentralization, transparency, and immutability of blockchain with some functionalities of Web2 applications, the system enables real-time monitoring and optimization of Israel’s food supply chain. The blockchain component, a natural candidate for storing transaction-based data, ensures data integrity, traceability, and trust among stakeholders, while the BI dashboards facilitate data-driven decision-making and efficient resource allocation. The system implements smart contracts to automate compliance verification while maintaining transaction privacy through strategic data partitioning between public and private storage. The system also leverages graph-based network analysis to identify inefficiencies, minimize food waste, and enhance supply chain sustainability. We discuss how technology can address food security challenges and outline pathways for implementation, offering a model for other nations facing similar issues.
Effective traceability systems are essential to avert food contamination, fraud, and supply chain inefficiencies, hence ensuring food security in Bangladesh. This research introduces a blockchain-based food traceability system aimed at improving transparency, accountability, and real-time data accessibility throughout the phases of food production, processing, and distribution. By integrating decentralized blockchain technology and smart contracts, the proposed model provides a tamper-proof, transparent platform that is accessible to all stakeholders and allows food products to be tracked from origin to end-consumer. The blockchain's decentralized character guarantees that no organization has ownership of the data, establishing transparency and trust throughout the food supply chain. By ensuring that data cannot be changed, the blockchain reduces the possibility of fraud and food poisoning. Built on Ethereum blockchain with smart contracts, this system automated compliance checking and secures transactions between stakeholders. With a focus on Bangladesh's food industry, our study addresses the shortcomings of current traceability systems by creating scalability, cost-effectiveness, and real-time data integration. Results demonstrate a considerable reduction in traceability time, which will enhance consumer confidence through secured access to original information. Future research should explore integrating blockchain with IoT technologies to further streamline traceability processes in low-infrastructure settings, ultimately supporting broader food safety and security efforts in developing regions. This work offers a workable model for Bangladesh's agricultural terrain with important ramifications for guaranteeing food security in the face of obstacles brought on by population expansion and climate change.
Marios Vasileiou, Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Christina Kleisiari, Pantelis Z. Lappas · 10 authors
Abstract The globalization of contemporary Food Supply Chains (FSCs) has introduced complexities involving multiple actors, food product transportation, and diverse information. Traditional information systems in FSCs face challenges in ensuring transparency and traceability due to the inherent complexities of multi-actor involvement, global transportation, and diverse information, making it difficult to ascertain product origin and processes, exacerbating issues such as food loss, safety concerns, and financial hazards. Blockchain technology, in conjunction with ancillary technologies, offers potential solutions to these challenges. This systematic literature review endeavors to comprehensively explore the multifaceted dimensions of blockchain’s role in FSC management, with an emphasis on food safety and traceability, across six thematic areas, each guided by distinct criteria. These areas include general information, FSC application, factors of blockchain adoption, blockchain platform, ancillary technologies, and the related impact of blockchain adoption. From the 2097 documents found, 122 full-text articles were assessed, and 61 were included and classified in this study based on criteria. These criteria underscore blockchain's capacity for transparency, resilience, and sustainability in FSCs. The results further indicate that blockchain's integration within the FSCs has unveiled a tapestry of possibilities and considerations that underpin its transformative potential in business systems. Blockchain’s inherent traits of transparency and immutability can enhance traceability, mitigate food fraud, and facilitate consumer trust, reshaping the information system’s implementation in the FSC landscape. However, challenges such as integration complexities, data quality, scalability, and regulatory concerns should be addressed. Through these challenges, Artificial Intelligence (AI) arises as a potential solution complementing Blockchain. This amalgamation can effectively tackle certain existing obstacles, such as ensuring data accuracy and system compatibility, while providing stronger solutions for food safety and fraud prevention. The implementation of a comprehensive blockchain solution requires strategic collaboration, technological refinement, and regulatory alignment to fully realize its benefits and address the intricate management challenges of traditional FSC information systems.
Bello Musa Yakubu, Abdullah Alabdulatif, Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol
The rice supply chain is a complex system that demands effective management to ensure reliability and efficiency, given the involvement of multiple stakeholders. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and tamper-resistant nature, offers a promising solution for improving transparency, traceability, and credibility in agricultural supply chains. However, existing blockchain systems face several technological challenges, including security vulnerabilities, privacy concerns, and performance limitations. To address these issues, this article presents RiceChain-Plus, an enhanced architecture that incorporates a private Ethereum blockchain, proof of authority (PoA) consensus mechanism, mutual authentication, zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), a hybrid role-based access control (RBAC) and attribute-based access control (ABAC) system, and one-way hash functions. This approach enhances the rice supply chain's security, privacy, and efficiency by safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring confidentiality. Performance assessments show that RiceChain-Plus surpasses existing benchmark models, achieving the lowest average execution costs (44,634 gas), reduced energy consumption (9.38828E-05 J), higher throughput (0.071201 transactions/s), faster execution (44.5 ms), and quicker transaction times (14.045 s), while also improving scalability. A comprehensive security analysis further confirms the framework's resilience against various cyberattacks. These results highlight RiceChain-Plus as a secure, efficient, and effective solution for optimizing rice supply chain operations.
Giovanni Farina, Alexander Kocian, Gianluca Brunori, Stefano Chessa · 21 authors
Traceability plays a critical role in ensuring the quality, safety, and transparency of supply chains, where transportation stakeholders are fundamental to the efficient movement of goods. However, the diversity of actors involved poses significant challenges to achieving these goals. Each organization typically operates its own information system, tailored to manage internal data, but often lacks the ability to communicate effectively with external systems. Moreover, when data exchange between different systems is required, it becomes critical to maintain full control over the shared data and to manage access rights precisely. In this work, we propose the concept of interoperable traceability. We present a model that enables the seamless integration of data from sensors, IoT devices, data management platforms, and distributed ledger technologies (DLT) within a newly designed data space architecture. We also demonstrate a practical implementation of this concept by applying it to real-world scenarios in the agri-food sector, with direct implications for transportation systems and all stakeholders in a supply chain. Our demonstrator supports the secure exchange of traceability data between existing systems, providing stakeholders with a novel approach to managing and auditing data with increased transparency and efficiency.
Plastic pollution poses an escalating global threat, with Indonesia ranked among the largest contributors to marine plastic leakage due to inadequate waste management systems. Although blockchain technology has been increasingly applied to enhance transparency in various sectors, its direct integration into plastic waste management remains underexplored. This study proposes a blockchain-based cyberphysical system (CPS) that utilizes fungible tokens (FTs) to represent verified plastic recycling activities and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as immutable certificates of plastic offset achievements. Smart contracts were developed in Solidity and tested on a local Ganache blockchain by executing 100 sequential minting transactions. Validation results demonstrated an average confirmation time of approximately 1.388 seconds per transaction, indicating strong system performance under continuous load. The proposed model offers a decentralized, verifiable approach to plastic credit management, supporting Indonesia’s efforts toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12 and 14.
This study aims to design a halal fresh meat traceability system based on dual blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). This system will utilize the Point of Authority (PoA) method to validate information on the implementation of halal assurance in the halal fresh meat food chain based on beef, starting from the slaughterhouse, halal slaughterer, and slaughterhouse supervisor. This system will also provide information on temperature and humidity conditions in the delivery service of halal fresh meat products to consumers in traditional markets. In this study, we developed a software system with the waterfall method for a web-based halal traceability system using the Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) programming language and the Laravel framework, blockchain using SQLite, and IoT technology using C programming. Consumers can obtain product delivery information, halal fresh product assurance information, and halal guarantor information transparently in the halal fresh meat supply chain by scanning the product's Quick Response Code (QR code). This study offers a basic framework for policymakers to improve the halal integrity of the halal fresh meat supply chain, and the concept of halal assurance in traditional markets. It also allows consumers to monitor the halal status of fresh beef products in conventional markets. This study contributes to the beef-based halal fresh beef supply chain research by developing a traceability system for halal fresh meat using blockchain and IoT.
Purpose The present study investigates the various aspects, consequences and obstacles linked to the use of blockchain technology (BCT) within Iraq’s food supply chain (FSC). By identifying and analyzing these components, this study aims to fill the knowledge gap on BCT’s potential and practical implications in this context. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative approach was used, involving 21 in-depth interviews analyzed through thematic analysis using NVivo (v12). The study systematically examined BCT adoption’s drivers, impacts and challenges in the Iraqi FSC context. Findings Nine key factors influencing blockchain adoption were identified and categorized into three domains: technology, organization and environment. The study also identified five major impacts of blockchain on the FSC and highlighted key challenges, including interoperability issues, privacy concerns, infrastructure limitations and a lack of knowledge. Research limitations/implications The study’s limitations include the early stage of BCT adoption, which restricted access to organizations with extensive experience in blockchain implementation. The generalizability of the findings may be restricted by the research’s emphasis on a broad FSC context rather than specific product categories. In addition, the interviews were conducted online due to budget constraints, potentially affecting the depth of responses. Many participating organizations had either not fully implemented blockchain or had only recently initiated pilot projects, which could influence the reliability of their insights. Social implications The study’s findings offer practical guidance for improving the transparency and efficiency of the FSC in Iraq, potentially leading to better consumer trust and enhanced food security. Originality/value This study provides a pioneering analysis of BCT adoption within Iraq’s FSC, a topic that has been underexplored despite its significance. By focusing on Iraq, the research addresses the specific technological, organizational and environmental factors influencing BCT adoption in a region facing unique challenges like political instability, infrastructural deficiencies and environmental stresses. The study’s findings offer critical insights into how blockchain can improve transparency, efficiency and trust in Iraq’s FSC, thus enhancing overall food security and economic resilience.
The demand for halal food products is increasing rapidly around the world. The consumption of halal food products is just not among Muslims but also non-Muslims, due to the purity of the halal food products. However, there are several challenges that are faced by halal food consumers. The challenges raise doubt among the halal food consumers about the authenticity of the product being halal. Therefore, a solution that can address these issues and establish trust between consumers and producers is needed. Blockchain technology can provide a distributed ledger with an immutable record of the information. Artificial intelligence supports developing a solution for pattern identification. The proposed research utilizes blockchain an artificial intelligence-based system for developing and e-adoption of a system that ensures the authenticity of halal food products by providing traceability related to all the operations and processes of the supply chain and sourcing the raw material. The proposed system has been tested with a local supermarket in a sandbox environment. The results and tests of the developed solution seemed effective and the testers expressed interest in real-world implementation of the proposed system. Therefore, the findings contribute to the knowledge of technology adoption by examining the application of the proposed system in halal food supply chain and provide insight into the potential benefits for e-adoption in this domain.
ABSTRACT We investigate why and how businesses and entrepreneurs adopt and implement blockchain technology to improve the economic, environmental and social sustainability of seafood supply chains. We conduct interviews with entrepreneurs and small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) – specifically fishers, aquaculturists and restaurants – using new blockchain platforms to increase the traceability and trackability of seafood in Australia. Drawing on innovation adoption theory, we examine drivers and barriers to trading seafood via these innovative platforms, compared to traditional trading routes – such as through wholesalers. Benefits for seafood buyers included greater freshness, less waste, value‐adding the customer experience and supporting locally sourced products. Benefits for sellers included price security and transparency, and the marketing and branding opportunities that the platforms enabled through social media. Challenges regarded distrust, competition, uncertain product availability and the tangibility of seafood, which – unlike cryptocurrency – requires transport, packaging and processing, meaning potential efficiencies could become constrained by supply chain logistics.
Diana Hawashin, Khaled Salah, Raja Jayaraman, Raja Wasim Ahmad · 6 authors
• Proposes a blockchain-based solution to reduce waste in the dairy industry • Ensures waste assessment and accountability through the proposed solution • Tests and validates various scenarios to evaluate the practicality of the system • Presents a security analysis to assess the system's resilience against threats In recent years, the global demand for dairy products has reached unprecedented levels in the food and beverage market. Despite being produced in large quantities to meet daily needs, high organic content in milk causes it to expire quickly, leading to food waste. Current dairy supply chain management systems lack traceability, auditability, and trust relationships, contributing to the problem. To address this issue, we propose a private Ethereum blockchain-based solution that holds all participants accountable and assesses their actions in a decentralized, auditable, traceable, secure, private, and trustworthy manner. Our system consists of various phases managed by four smart contracts that ensure all involved parties are accountable. We use an events-based approach to ensure traceability and data provenance, where all actions are stored on an immutable ledger in the form of events. By providing a transparent and traceable system, it encourages responsible resource utilization and supports a more sustainable approach to dairy production. We present the system architecture, sequence diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and algorithms to explain the working principles of our solution. We also validate the effectiveness of our developed smart contracts and make our smart contract code publicly available on GitHub.
Anber Abraheem Shlash Mohammad, Ammar Mohammad Al-Ramadan, Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad, Badrea Al Oraini · 8 authors
Sustainability in food supply chains is a critical global challenge, particularly in resource-constrained regions like Jordan, where operational inefficiencies and environmental concerns are prevalent. This study explores the integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance metadata management, forecast sustainability metrics, and support decision-making in Jordan’s food supply chains. Blockchain's ability to improve metadata accuracy, standardization, and traceability, combined with AI’s predictive capabilities, offers a powerful solution for addressing sustainability challenges.MethodsThe research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining real-time data from blockchain transaction logs, AI-generated forecasts, and stakeholder surveys. Blockchain data from platforms like Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum provided insights into metadata accuracy and traceability. AI models were developed using machine learning techniques, such as linear regression, to forecast food waste reduction, carbon footprint reduction, and energy efficiency. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), using AHP and TOPSIS, was applied to evaluate trade-offs among sustainability goals.ResultsThe results revealed significant improvements in metadata accuracy (from 83% to 96.66%) and reductions in traceability time (from 4.0 to 2.35 hours) following blockchain implementation. AI models demonstrated high predictive accuracy, explaining 88%, 81%, and 76% of the variance in food waste reduction, carbon footprint reduction, and energy efficiency, respectively. ConclusionThis study underscores the transformative potential of blockchain and AI technologies in achieving sustainability goals. By fostering transparency, predictive insights, and data-driven decision-making, these innovations can address key challenges in Jordan’s food supply chains, offering actionable strategies for stakeholders.
• The study highlights how blockchain technology improves traceability in the agri-food industry. • Blockchain integration can significantly enhance sustainability efforts by facilitating better resource management. • The paper utilizes a bibliometric approach to identify trends that contribute to blockchain research in the agri-food industry. • The study acknowledges several challenges hindering the widespread adoption of blockchain. • The paper offers forward-looking insights into how the agri-food industry can overcome current barriers. The globalization of the agri-food industry in recent years has increased the difficulty and complexity of improving productivity and addressing challenges in food security. Thus, advanced techniques are promptly required to tackle the present obstacles and improve the agri-food sustainability challenges. Hence, blockchain is a prospective distributed information technology that could support food supply chains by decreasing transaction time and cost, improving traceability efficiency, and developing stakeholder trust. The main aim of this paper is to examine the functionalities and characteristics of blockchain technology in the agri-food industry, explore blockchain-based solutions for addressing food traceability and sustainability challenges, and highlight the benefits and challenges related to applying blockchain-based traceability systems. This work examines 114 research papers from 2017 to 2024, demonstrating a review of bibliometric literature to propose a wide and organized body of research regarding blockchain application in the agri-food supply chain. The analysis recognizes essential ideas, fundamental themes, research gaps, and potentials in blockchain application in agri-food. Results show an exponential rise in the number of publications, ranging from 9 % in 2017 to 23 % in 2024, directed mainly at farmers’ advantage, traceability, supply chain efficiency, and food security. For accurate farming possibilities, integrating blockchain and agro-food will encourage smart farms and enhance the regulation of supply-chain systems. Similarly, the bibliometric analysis across the discipline shows that computer science accounts for 18.8 %, engineering records 59.9 %, energy shares 6.9 %, and social sciences contribute 6.5 %. The review describes substantial issues, including the absence of standardization, technical intricacy, and regulatory issues that may deter blockchain's wider application. This analysis presents a guideline for researchers and industry experts, enlightening them on the field's present state, contributing ideas to its route, and offering a basis for future study in improving the sustainability of blockchain technology within the agri-food industry.
Elia Henrichs, Meta Leonie Boller, Johnathan Stolz, Christian Krupitzer
Background: Food and pharmaceutical supply chains face similar issues, such as product counterfeits allowing low-quality products to enter the market and supply chain inefficiencies. Applying blockchain technology could increase transparency and efficiency in the supply chains. However, the technology is still relatively young and, thus, has barely been implemented. Scope and Approach: This work aims to provide an overview of blockchain applications in food and pharmaceutical supply chains. Following the PRISMA method, the systematic literature review analyzes 78 applications in 74 publications. Deriving from the results, a general framework for blockchain applications in food and pharmaceutical supply chains is proposed, which should support practitioners in implementing blockchains and researchers in identifying research challenges. Key Findings and Conclusions: The literature review reveals that permissioned and private blockchain networks are most commonly applied, using Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric as leading platforms. Many applications stored data off the blockchain and implemented different techniques to restrict access to confidential data. Smart contracts are crucial for improving supply chain management as they enable automatization. The general framework recommends a permissioned consortium network using the Hyperledger Fabric platform and Proof-of-Authority consensus protocol for supply chains. Challenges like regulations, standardization, and infrastructure must be solved to foster technology adoption in operations. • Review of blockchain technology applied in food and pharmaceutical supply chains. • Following a structure literature review, we reviewed 78 applications in detail. • Permissioned and private blockchain networks are applied most. • We propose a framework to foster blockchain implementation in these supply chains. • Challenges like regulations, standardization, and infrastructure as current hurdles.
Abstract The blockchain was initially designed to secure cryptocurrency transactions, a distributed and unalterable registry technology. After its innovative application in the world of cryptocurrencies, solutions based on this technology are now offered to deal with various issues in various sectors, such as the agricultural sector. It is currently one of the most disruptive technologies. This article explores the convergence of Hyperledger Aries blockchain technology and artificial intelligence to improve the management of agricultural disease detection data. We present an innovative system that guarantees complete traceability of each data point, from initial detection to analysis results. Blockchain ensures the transparency and immutability of information, while artificial intelligence, integrated into the detection process, accurately distinguishes infected sheets from healthy ones. This approach provides a robust solution for sustainable agriculture, enabling rapid and targeted response to disease threats while ensuring data integrity.
A robust food traceability system is crucial for ensuring seamless information flow within supply chains. While the current centralised approach, typically led by a supply chain leader, facilitates information exchange, it faces significant limitations, such as prolonged tracing processes and a lack of transparency. Blockchain technology presents a promising solution to address these challenges. However, concerns persist about the costs of IT infrastructure required to operate blockchain-based systems. This research compares the costs between centralised and blockchain ecosystems, focusing on the total cost for the entire industry, using the Thai broiler supply chain as a case study. We analysed both centralised and blockchain IT models, selecting 13 deployment scenarios for comparison. The Thai broiler supply chain provided data on IT infrastructure usage, with Monte Carlo simulation employed to address undisclosed supply chain data. The IT infrastructure costs for each scenario were calculated and compared. The analysis reveals a significant finding: blockchain implementation results in approximately 43% lower infrastructure costs compared to the practical centralised approach. This cost-effectiveness suggests that third parties, such as government bodies or central regulatory agencies, could play a crucial role in supporting the transition from centralised to blockchain-based food traceability systems, thereby enhancing supply chain transparency, efficiency, and food safety.