Blockchain Papers

Sven O. Rimmelspacher

No abstract is available for this record.

Pascal Pfister, Jan Frecè

Zusammenfassung Distributed Ledgers werden seit ihrer Entstehung 2009 von vielen Seiten als Mittel zur grundlegenden Umgestaltung ganzer Branchen angepriesen. Während die Technologie sicherlich Potenzial bietet, diverse Steuerungs- und Abwicklungsprozesse zu revolutionieren, bedingt eine solche Umstellung einerseits fundiertes Wissen hinsichtlich der Rollen und Prozesse im entsprechenden Wirtschaftsumfeld sowie der technologischen Grundlagen von Distributed Ledgers, um dauerhaft Mehrwert zu schaffen. Dieses Buchkapitel zeigt am Beispiel der Energieversorgung auf, welche Faktoren für eine mehrwertgenerierende, sichere Implementierung der Ledger-Technologie berücksichtigt werden müssen: von technologischen Fragen bis zur Frage nach neuen Geschäftsmodellen und den damit verbundenen Risiken.

M. E. M. van Wingerde, Hans Weigand

Inter-organizational business processes require extensive information sharing between organizations. To acquire a holistic overview of an inter-organizational process, insight in both its control flow and data model is required. Business artifacts are a well-positioned mechanism to model these two dimensions. However, when business artifacts and their associated lifecycle and information models are shared between organizations, a single source of truth is preferred. To maintain such a single source without centralized administration, blockchain-based smart contracts may be used. We claim that an artifact-centric approach to business processes is well-suited for smart contract implementations. However, the conceptual relationship between business process artifacts and smart contracts has not yet been extensively analyzed. In this paper, we present a novel ontological analysis of artifact-centric processes managed by smart contracts. We adopt the method of enterprise ontology and regard an inter-organizational process as a set of causally related transactions in which the state of the lifecycle and associated data objects of business artifacts is transformed by sending messages to smart contracts. Our conceptual models are visualized in OntoUML, a modeling language based on the Unified Foundational Ontology.

Felix Härer

The information systems of decentralized organizations are now networked as components of a global information system. Organizations, individuals and software act autonomously and are at the same time cooperatively involved in the creation of services. The planning and execution of the necessary interactions in the form of processes are not under the control of individuals. For the development and execution of processes under decentralized coordination, this work proposes an approach based on blockchain technologies. This addresses, on the one hand, the design of decentralized organizations and, on the other hand, the coordination of development that is distributed within such systems and is not centrally controlled. The thesis describes the decentralization and the model-based development of process-oriented systems from an organizational theory perspective. The focus is then on decentralized blockchain systems as development and execution platforms, with which the binding nature and integrity of transactions between a priori unknown nodes of a network can be guaranteed. The development and execution of processes are implemented on this basis using a model-based approach. This is established by an architectural framework for conceptual modeling, for cooperative modeling and for the tracking of instances. The conceptual modeling of networks, processes and instances makes use of the semantic object model (SOM) in order to map the task level of decentralized organizations to a decentralized task management level. The cooperative modeling and the tracking of instances use technologies for distributed version management in connection with smart contracts of the blockchain system Ethereum. The demonstration of the applicability of the approach based on a case study and a software implementation concludes the work.

Gerrit Heinemann, Klaus Kannen, Sebastian Bleil

No abstract is available for this record.

Anna Lisa Junge

This thesis aims to add knowledge that contributes to answering the question of how digital transformation technologies can contribute to increasing customer value in logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM), and how manufacturing companies can mindfully use them. The output of the thesis is an architectural framework that proposes performance components, approaches and methodologies that can help in capturing this customer value. To build the basis for such a framework, this research first deduces and presents the underlying definition of digital transformation and describes its potential for, as well as current barriers for its application in, L&SCM. The study uses a systematic literature review to identify nine underlying digital transformation technology bundles. These are: auto-identification technologies; information and communication technologies; the cloud; cyber physical systems; analytics; distributed ledger; automation technologies; augmented and virtual reality; and additive manufacturing. These technologies served as inputs for a nominal group technique workshop aiming to conceptualize the dimensions of customer value based on the technologies. The derived dimensions are information disclosure, time, product/production, service/assistance, quality, choice options, and planning. Based on these findings, this thesis presents an impact assessment for customer-based L&SCM performance. The three-plus-one customer value propositions are availability, servitization, co-creation, and cognition as enhancement. Expert interviews provide the data for the architectural framework for capturing customer value based on digital transformation technologies in L&SCM. The six dimensions covered are the customer value proposition; the value portfolio; scope of collaboration; human resource management and organization; performance management; as well as the (re-)adjusting value assessment. The main scientific contribution lies in conceptualizing the customer value for L&SCM based on digital transformation technologies whereas the architectural framework constitutes the main practical contributions.

Tatiana Levashova, Michael Pashkin

No abstract is available for this record.

Christopher Stradomsky

No abstract is available for this record.

Pit Heimes, Jan Hicking

Produzierende Unternehmen stehen unter großem Veränderungsdruck, der durch wachsende Produktkomplexität, steigende Kundenanforderungen und digitale Geschäftsmodelle induziert wird. Vorherrschende Trends wie Industrie 4.0 und Digitalisierung müssen genutzt werden, um nicht nur die Produktion effizienter zu gestalten, sondern auch innovative Geschäftsmodelle zu entwickeln. Diese gewährleisten, dass Unternehmen neue Märkte erschließen und neue Kunden gewinnen. Die von Unternehmen in der Vergangenheit fokussierten produktzentrierten Geschäftsmodelle werden durch die Digitalisierung in nutzerzentrierte Geschäftsmodelle transformiert. Zudem ist gerade eine Veränderung im Verhalten der Kunden zu beobachten, die sich zunehmend gezielt für Produkte mit höherem Leistungsumfang in Bezug auf digitale Fähigkeiten entscheiden, sodass sich die Digitalisierung ebenfalls in den Produkten wiederfindet. Dauerhafte Wettbewerbsfähigkeit bedarf folglich erweiterter digitaler Leistungen in Produkten.

Carlo Schamberger

In den vergangen Jahren haben Corwd-Sensing-Anwendungen immer mehr an Relevanz gewonnen. Mit der Zunahme von mobilen Geräten nahm auch die Verwendung dieser als Sensoren zur Datenerhebung zu. In dieser Arbeit betrachten wir hierbei die Nutzung eines solchen Systems zur Verfolgung mobiler Objekte. Smart-Contracts bieten seit wenigen Jahren die Möglichkeit, dezentral auf einer Blockchain Anwendungen zu implementieren, welche nicht auf einen einzelnen Server angewiesen sind. Smart-Contracts sind transparent und können außerhalb der ersichtlichen, implementierten Möglichkeiten nicht manipuliert werden. Mobile-Target-Tracking-Anwendungen selbst sind keine Neuheit mehr, wohl aber die dezentrale Ausführung dieser auf einer Blockchain. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Mobile-Target-Tracking-Anwendung implementiert, welche mithilfe von Crowd-Sensing ein Objekt sucht. Die erfassten Daten werden an den Smart-Contract in der Ethereum-Blockchain gesendet, dort gespeichert und nach Erreichen bestimmter Kriterien ausgewertet. Die korrekten Meldungen sollen vom Smart-Contract mit einem Ether-Betrag belohnt werden. Dazu werden in dieser Arbeit verschiedene Algorithmen zum Finden einer konsistenten Menge von Sichtungen diskutiert. Die Herausforderungen der Implementierung und die Evaluation der entstandenen Smart-Contracts werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Elfriede Sixt

Banks, as they exist now, are obsolete and will not exist as we know them in 10 years. Period. Without a doubt. We’ve seen this movie before. Is anyone using Delphi? CompuServe? AOL? What did they have in common? They tried to retrofit the Internet’s HTTP technology into their systems. They tried to force everyone into their closed loopholes. It worked, temporarily. You had a jump in revenues and profit, and then everybody found out you can deal directly with the source. You don’t need them They’re gone. The banking system is trying to do the same thing (Reggie Middleton, CEO of Veritaseum, designing P2P Smart Contracts through blockchain tech & inventor of UltraCoin). Wie schon oft in diesem Buch aufgezeigt, nutzt die Finanzwirtschaft schon jahrzehntelang Softwaresysteme wie das SWIFT-System, hat es aber bis dato geschafft, sich von der Digitalisierung des Internets abzugrenzen.

Herbert Kopfer, Jörn Schönberger

The last decade has revealed a profound paradigm change with respect to the organization and control of logistic systems. Forced by recent trends in the organization of enterprises and new market requirements, logistic systems are confronted with new prospects and challenges that do not fit with the paradigm of central planning. The involvement of several decision making units in one supply chain, the management of real-time data, the division of work and decision making, and a high market dynamic require innovative decision support and business information concepts. Additionally, wide-area-computer networks, ubiquitous computing, and 24-h-data availability provide a data basis as well as an infrastructure for a joint decision making among autonomous entities (e.g. agents). While the paradigm of a monolithic central control of all activities has been in the focus of research and application for several decades, the last years have revealed the intrusion of noncentralized approaches for designing, configuring, and deploying complex systems. More than in other disciplines, there is a paradigm shift in logistics from hierarchical systems to heterachical systems, especially concerning the design and control of compound systems. In order to explore and establish a base for using and exploring the capabilities of distributed decision making, fundamental research must be executed. In the Collaborative Research Centre 637 ‘‘Autonomous Cooperating Logistic Processes—A Paradigm Shift and its Limitations’’, funded by the German Research Foundation, an interdisciplinary group of scientists investigates the prospects and limitation of the interactive decision making among several components of a logistic system. The components of a hierarchically organized logistic system are externally controlled units, which have only limited decision rights. On the other hand, in heterarchical systems, the components constituting a compound system are autonomous units, which interact with each other on their own responsibility, and they are provided with local intelligence and emancipated decision authority. Heterarchical structures grant autonomy to the single system components in order to enable decentralized decision making. Autonomy of components presupposes that interactive units in non-deterministic systems are able to decide and act on their own authority. Autonomous units representing components of a complex logistic system can be found on different levels of appearance and in several contexts. At the lowest level, there are agents representing autonomous physical logistic units like parcels or containers, which are capable and allowed to decide on their handling. At the medium level, there are autonomous planning agents like human schedulers or software agents being responsible for the decisions in a delimited problem area and cooperating with agents responsible for adjacent areas. Finally, at the upper level, there are autonomous organizational units, e.g., profit centers of an enterprise or partners in a collaborative system constituting a coalition following at least one common goal. In practice, most complex logistics systems are built in a hierarchical manner. Currently, there is a tendency to redesign such systems in a heterarchical way by constituting a set of interrelated, partly autonomous, components for the construction of the total system. The objective of the redesign is to achieve a higher degree of robustness and a positive emergence of the total system [1] by increasing H. Kopfer (&) J. Schonberger Lehrstuhl fur Logistik, FB 7, Universitat Bremen, Wilhelm-Herbst-Strase 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany e-mail: kopfer@uni-bremen.de

S. Weik, Eric Scherer

No abstract is available for this record.