Solutions based on distributed ledgers require sophisticated tools for data modelling and integration that can be overcome using semantic and Linked Data technologies. One example is copyright management, where we attempt to adapt the Copyright Ontology so it can be used to build applications that benefit from both worlds, rich information modelling and reasoning together with immutable and accountable information storage that provides trust and confidence on the modelled rights statements. This approach has been applied in the context of an application for the management of social media re-use for journalistic purposes.
Disposition is one of the consequences of the appraisal archival function. Although appraisal writ large is a function that no technology could execute, disposition has been already supported by different tools. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based application for disposition, a smart contract called ArchContract, using two different repositories. We discuss appraisal and disposition on blockchain systems, the use of smart contracts as a disposition tool and present the model of ArchContract. We conclude that blockchain and smart contracts have the potential to support some of the records management functions such as disposition.
Blockchain technology can be used to solve the problem of the management of the digital copyright. Though some related ideas have been proposed, few papers propose a complete digital copyright management system based on public chain and simulation. A system based on public chain enables copyright owners and users to trade directly without resorting to a centralized organization. In this paper, a secure digital copyright management system based on Ethereum is proposed. Firstly, a model is established based on smart contracts and InterPlanetary File System. Secondly, use the improved ELGamal encryption algorithm to encrypt session data and protect privacy and evaluate the efficiency of the improved algorithm. Lastly, a transaction watermark that is consistent with the transaction information on the chain is added to the image data, providing proof for the piracy.
QR Code Applications and Technologies
Digital Rights Management and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain technology enables sharing information between individual computers. The potential of blockchain application is not only in e-currency, but also in secure data sharing and identity management. Ethereum is a representative example of a blockchain-based platform. Created by Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum is an open software constructed based on smart contracts. A contract is one kind of account in Ethereum. The contract can not only read codes and currency in a transaction, but also create another contract for reading code and writing into storage. In this book chapter, we perform an in depth survey of some recent examples and applications of blockchain and smart contracts.
This research explores Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) applications for digital watermarking performed on the camera in real time, combining this with Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to suggest workable systems for data cataloguing and image integrity. Reference implementations of both technologies are developed and evaluated for their effectiveness and suitability for these purposes.
Open access
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
This paper proposes a method for managing digital content on blockchains in which content copyrights are distributed in the form of tokens. Our implementation of the proposed method resulted in fast retrieval of the history on the blockchain without relying on an external database.
Digital Rights Management and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
A design work not only has a complex functional composition, but also has special trading needs. These all result in the difficulties in content protection, copyright protection and the trading of works. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a scheme for digital rights management of design works using blockchain. Unlike existing digital rights management methods, this scheme binds the off-chain design work and its copyright record in the blockchain. The display of design effects, the confidentiality of design details and the compatibility with relevant laws are all taken into account. A new proof-of-delivery method is also proposed to ensure the fairness of the trade. By using smart contracts and public key cryptography, it has no need for active operation from participants in the trade. The scheme is evaluated, analyzed, and compared with other methods from multiple respects to demonstrate its rationality and effectiveness. Finally, a proof-of-concept experiment is described by taking digital garment design as an example.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Sina Rafati Niya, Sebastian Allemann, Arik Gabay, Burkhard Stiller
Data leaks and privacy scandals have been a growing concern of the last decade. While most traditional, i.e., centralized, online platforms require users to register with their personal data, they potentially expose the user's identity and data to be used for unintended purposes. This work proposes TradeMap as an integrated architecture, designing and enabling an online end-to-end (e2e) trading market place, while supporting anonymous management features. TradeMap addresses the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) regulations by designing a FINMA-complaint Know Your Customer (KYC) platform. Additionally, TradeMap is based on blockchains and employs Ethereum Smart Contracts (SC). Thus, trust and anonymity between the market place and the KYC system relies on zero knowledge proof-based SCs used for user identification processes. With this management approach proposed, the user authentication is only verified within the KYC platform, providing a legally valid and fully anonymous online trading platform.
Tezos is a blockchain launched in June 2018. It is written in OCaml and supports smart contracts. Its smart contract language is called Michelson and it has been designed with formal verification in mind. In this article, we present Mi-Cho-Coq, a Coq framework for verifying the functional correctness of Michelson smart contracts. As a case study, we detail the certification of a Multisig contract with the Mi-Cho-Coq framework.
The method of evaluating the effectiveness of the economic parameters for the implementation at industrial enterprises of โPeer-to-Peer Distributed Storage and Processing of Protected Information in Corporate Networks,โ designed primarily to protect distributed computing and isolate private networks without limiting the possibilities of useful interaction in the framework of the technologies Industry 5.0 and Super Smart Society is proposed. Within the framework of these concepts, there is a gradual integration of production, logistics, sales, and information systems into a global information exchange system. The proposed system provides for effective counteraction to the threats using cryptography, protection against unauthorized access using biometrics, and an innovative protocol for information interaction and control of topology based on distributed ledger technologies, it optimizes the use of computing power and provides tools for distributed computing without changing the logic of existing software.
Bo Zhao, Liming Fang, Hanyi Zhang, Chunpeng Ge ยท 7 authors
With the development of information technology, films, music, and other publications are inclined to be distributed in digitalized form. However, the low cost of data replication and dissemination leads to digital rights problems and brings huge economic losses. Up to now, existing digital rights management (DRM) schemes have been powerless to deter attempts of infringing digital rights and recover losses of copyright holders. This paper presents a YODA-based digital watermark management system (Y-DWMS), adopting non-repudiation of smart contract and blockchain, to implement a DRM mechanism to infinitely amplify the cost of infringement and recover losses copyright holders suffered once the infringement is reported. We adopt game analysis to prove that in Y-DWMS, the decision of non-infringement always dominates rational users, so as to fundamentally eradicate the infringement of digital rights, which current mainstream DRM schemes cannot reach.
Open access
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Lyra2REv2 is a hashing algorithm that consists of a chain of individual hashing algorithms, and it is used as a proof-of-work function in several cryptocurrencies. The most crucial and exotic hashing algorithm in the Lyra2REv2 chain is a specific instance of the general Lyra2 algorithm. In this work, we present the first hardware implementation of the specific instance of Lyra2 that is used in Lyra2REv2 and we explain how several properties of this algorithm can be exploited in order to optimize the design. Moreover, we present an FPGA-based hardware implementation of a full miner chain for Lyra2REv2 on a Xilinx Multi-Processor System on Chip. Our proposed Lyra2REv2 miner chain is shown to be significantly more energy efficient than both a GPU and a commercially available FPGA-based miner. Finally, we also explain how our simplified Lyra2 and Lyra2REv2 architectures can be modified with minimal effort to also support the recent Lyra2REv3 chained hashing algorithm.
Blockchain-based platforms are emerging as a transformative technology that\ncan provide reliability, integrity, and auditability without trusted entities.\nOne of the key features of these platforms is the trustworthy decentralized\nexecution of general-purpose computation in the form of smart contracts, which\nare envisioned to have a wide range of applications. As a result, a rapidly\ngrowing and active community of smart-contract developers has emerged in recent\nyears. A number of research efforts have investigated the technological\nchallenges that these developers face, introducing a variety of tools,\nlanguages, and frameworks for smart-contract development, focusing on security.\nHowever, relatively little is known about the community itself, about the\ndevelopers, and about the issues that they face and discuss. To address this\ngap, we study smart-contract developers and their discussions on two social\nmedia sites, Stack Exchange and Medium. We provide insight into the trends and\nkey topics of these discussions, into the developers' interest in various\nsecurity issues and security tools, and into the developers' technological\nbackground.\n
Robert Norvill, Beltran Fiz, Radu State, Andrรฉa Cullen
Ethereum smart contracts have become common enough to warrant the need for standards to ensure ease of use. The most well known standard was created for the emerging token ecosystem and the exchanges serving it: the ERC20 standard. In this work we use the function selectors present in Ethereum smart contract bytecode to define contract purpose. Contracts are clustered according to the selectors they have. A Reverse look-up from selectors to function names is used to label clusters. We use the function names in clusters to suggest candidates for ERC standardisation.
Kota Dharma Teja, M Shravani, Chintarlapallireddy Yaswanth Simha, Manjunath R Kounte
Voting is the primary factor to change the country's future. The manual voting got replaced with the electronic machines called Electronic Voting Machines(EVM). Even after replacement, the issues continue to trouble voters. Issues like missing names in voter list, misplaced votes and so on. That is why we suggest a decentralised system to be integrated with the voting system to make it error-free. One of those decentralised systems are blockchain technology. Our project is developed on Ethereum platform using solidity language. Estonia, the blockchain country uses blockchain for almost all services. The voting procedure is presented in the paper as a case study. We summarise the tools used for the project along with its features. We also appraise the working of the our project in the further sections. Finally, we include the source smart contract code in the appendix. This project open up many possibilities to secure the voting system and help for the welfare of the nations.
We have reviewed the potential impact of blockchain technology on the music industry by analyzing the views of academia and the industry experts. The music industry had rapid changes from the physical market to the digital market in the past decades. The consumers download and stream music online and mobile during the digital dominant market. While streaming music has been recently growing at a fast rate, fair distribution of revenue to the artists continues to be an issue. Some industry experts believe that the issue of fair distribution of revenue to the artist may be resolved using blockchain technology, while some are skeptical about the application or the duration of impact. The blockchain may enhance speedier payment using smart contracts, provide additional revenue and promote the music if excellent fan support is achieved. The positive impact on the music industry may only be possible if there are detailed consideration of the industry and careful understanding of the customers.
The thesis proposes a decentralized digital rights management and transaction system architecture based on blockchain technology. Using Tendermint as a consensus mechanism for block chain, a blockchain system is built in a way that consumes less resources and throughput. In the system design, a transaction filtering strategy and a state data recovery engine are introduced to solve the regulatory problems in the block chain system. Design account management, copyright registration, and copyright trading strategies to manage digital copyright information in an efficient and controlled manner. Through experiments and analysis, the designed model can meet the needs of copyright management.
Ibrahim Alnafrah, Elena Bogdanova, Tatiana Maximova
The aim of the study is to introduce a new application of machine-learning techniques (text mining, clustering and classification) and the blockchain technology within the intellectual property rights (IPRs) management system. Using such machine-learning techniques facilitates the management process of intellectual properties (IPs) and makes it more efficient. Additionally, using the blockchain technology for IPRs management purposes enables all stakeholders to utilise the extracted data of the IP objects from the blockchain network. In this study, a text-mining technique was used to identify the two types of IP documents based on specific categories, namely, patent and trademark. In order to achieve this objective, a range of machine-learning techniques was used for 5,500 patent documents and 400 trademark documents. The results of the logistic regression model showed a high level of prediction accuracy of document type at the pre-registration stage on the blockchain network. This high level of prediction accuracy demonstrates that using machine-learning and text-mining techniques will facilitate the IPRs management system. This new application of specific machine-learning techniques in the IPRs management process contributes essentially to solving the problem in a conventional IPRs system associated with rights protection and data availability.