Xueping Liang, Sachin Shetty, Deepak K. Tosh, Ji Yafei · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
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Xueping Liang, Sachin Shetty, Deepak K. Tosh, Ji Yafei · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Olga Jensen
Den europeiska energisektorn genomgĂ„r numera en viktig övergĂ„ng frĂ„n en centraliserad elkraftförsörjning till distribuerad elproduktion frĂ„n förnybara kĂ€llor. Dessutom leder utfasningen av fossila brĂ€nslen till en ökning av antalet elfordon (hĂ€r EV). Höga penetrationsnivĂ„er för bĂ„de EV och förnybara energin pĂ„ distributionsnivĂ„n kan orsaka ytterligare belastning pĂ„ elnĂ€tet, vilket kan leda till avbrott i strömförsörjningen och försĂ€mring av strömkvaliteten. I detta examensarbete undersöktes möjligheterna att lösa detta problem i Tyskland. Den föreslagna lösningen Ă€r ett förvaltningssystem för EV-laddning och lokal förnybar elproduktion/-koppling i realtid. Tre anvĂ€ndningsfall utvecklades för att analysera denna lösning. Det första anvĂ€ndningsfallet âhyresgĂ€sternas elâ Ă€r baserat pĂ„ den nya tyska förordningen som infördes 2017 och frĂ€mjar att anvĂ€nda solenergi âbakomâ elmĂ€taren i flerbostadshyrehus. I detta fall, genom att erbjuda en EV-laddningstjĂ€nst, kan hyresvĂ€rden uppnĂ„ en högre konsumtionsnivĂ„ under solskenstimmarna nĂ€r hyresgĂ€sterna Ă€r pĂ„ jobbet, och dĂ€rmed fĂ„ en bĂ€ttre ersĂ€ttning. Betalningsperioden för en 11 kW laddsstation, som skulle anvĂ€ndas tillsammans med en PV av 26 kWp, berĂ€knades vara cirka 5 Ă„r om laddstationen Ă€r upptagen 30-40 % av den möjliga dagsljustiden. Om laddstationenen har installerats pĂ„ grund av andra Ă€ndamĂ„l kan âhyresgĂ€sternas elâ-modellen bli en extra inkomstkĂ€lla. De andra tvĂ„ anvĂ€ndningsfallen beror pĂ„ möiligheten att införa en âminskad elnĂ€tavgiftâ. HĂ€r mĂ„ste man nĂ€mna att insatser att föra EV-laddningen pĂ„ tid och plats för förnybar elproduktion mĂ„ste motiveras. Numera Ă€r elpriset fast i Tyskland för smĂ„förbrukare som betyder att det inte finns nĂ„gon orsak för en beteendeförĂ€ndring av EV-förare. En minskad elnĂ€tsavgift kunde bli en Ă„tgĂ€rd för att frĂ€mja âEV-laddning + lokal förnybar elproduktionâ-kopplingen; den kan beviljas av en distributionssystemoperatör (DSO) ifall denna EV-laddning skulle hjĂ€lpa att undvika stockningar och avkortning i elnĂ€tet. Det andra anvĂ€ndningsfallet innebĂ€r att införa en sĂ„dan minskad elnĂ€tavgift för EV-laddning med lokal sol- (PV) eller vindel, som inför dynamisk prissĂ€ttning. I det hĂ€r fallet ska lokala elproducenter behöva sĂ€jla el till lokala laddstationer pĂ„ ett peer-to-peer (P2P) sĂ€tt. Enligt gĂ€llande regelverk Ă€r ren P2P-handel inte möjlig; den skulle behöva inrĂ€ttning av lokala energimarknader och ytterligare balansering. Vad man kan göra kallas direktmarknadsföring, vilket Ă€r en elmarknadsmodell som utförs av en aggregator. AnvĂ€ndningen av blockchain som ett verktyg skulle bli vĂ€lgörande för bĂ„da fallen eftersom det skulle tilllĂ„ta realtids - frĂ€mja âEV-laddning + lokal förnybar elproduktionâ-kopplingen med dynamisk prissĂ€ttning. Ifall man gör P2P-handel möjligt, skulle blockchain ocksĂ„ bli anvĂ€ndbar för betalningar, medan införandet av blockchainbaserade betalningar konstaterades att inte vara genomförbart under den direktmarknadsföringsmodell som existerar idag. Det tredje anvĂ€ndningsfallet innebĂ€r âsjĂ€lvkonsumptionâ/âframmeâ-elmĂ€taren, nĂ€r PV / (vindkraftverk)-Ă€garen och EV-Ă€geren Ă€r samma person; sĂ„ nĂ€r hen laddar sin bil samtidigt med elploduktionen, skulle hen inte behöva betala för kilowattimmar och, beroende pĂ„ distansen mellan de tvĂ„ elanslutningspunkterna, skulle hen dĂ€rmed kunna fĂ„ rabatt pĂ„ elnĂ€tavgiften. För det hĂ€r fallet konstaterades det att enligt den nuvarande direktmarknadsföringsmodellen, dĂ€r aggregatorn och laddstationsleverantören tillhör samma företag, skulle ett sĂ„dant anvĂ€ndningsfall tveklöst kunna genomföras pĂ„ grund av gemensam bokföring. Ett sĂ„dant fall kan bli ett attraktivt erbjudande, sĂ€rskilt för PV-Ă€gare som inte fĂ„r inmatningsavgiften. P2P-handelns slutsatser liknar det tidigare anvĂ€ndningsfallet. För det andra och tredje anvĂ€ndningsfĂ€llet upptĂ€cktes det att i den situationen dĂ„ P2P-handel Ă€r möjlig, skulle EV-laddningen inte uppfylla "försĂ€ljningsbehovet" för producenter eftersom den inte Ă€r fullt förutsĂ€gbar. DĂ€rför mĂ„ste urvalet av P2P-köpare utvidgas till stationĂ€ra konsumenter; d.v.s. att bredda det föreslagna systemets funktionaliteter frĂ„n bara EV-laddning till fullstĂ€ndig P2P-handel. Eftersom EV-laddningen skulle behöva göras i realtid, vara flexibel för laddningsförhĂ„llanden, uppfylls behov av flera andelsĂ€gare och att vara manipulationssĂ€kert, föreslĂ„s distribuerad ledgerteknik (DLT) som implementeringsverktyg. Av tvĂ„ olika DLT, Ethereum och IOTA, drogs slutsatsen att teknikurvalet för att implementera det föreslagna systemet beror pĂ„ implementeringstiden. FrĂ„n och med idag ligger Ethereum i ett högre stadium i utvecklingen , vilket prioriterar Ethereum för omedelbar implementering. Samtidigt Ă€r IOTA en mycket lovande teknik i ett lĂ€gre löptidstillstĂ„nd. NĂ€r de löser ett antal kontroversiella problem blir IOTA ett vĂ€rdefullt verktyg.
Benedikt Kirpes, Christian Becker
Electromobility, electric vehicles (EVs) and charging infrastructure are major building blocks for a sustainable energy future.With the emergence of sustainable IS topics, energy informatics as the comprising research discipline receives increasing attention.One of the most contemporary research areas in this context is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and their integration into the smart power grid of the future.Blockchain is a promising technology to complement lack in charging infrastructure by disrupting existing business models and enabling peer-to-peer sharing of charging stations (CSs).In this paper we investigate how to store and validate EV charging-related data on blockchain and how to process EV charging payment transactions in a blockchain-based IS.Within the ongoing research activity, we evaluate blockchain technologies regarding their applicability for this scenario.Further we implement the presented decentralized app (dApp) design and its smart contracts as a proof-of-concept for the technical feasibility of the solution, considering factors such as interoperability, data storage, trust and scalability.
Lucas Girard
No abstract is available for this record.
Usman W. Chohan
No abstract is available for this record.
Zhi Li, Layne Liu, Ali Vatankhah Barenji, Waiming Wang
This paper proposes a cloud-based manufacturing knowledge sharing system for injection mould redesign (IMR) based on blockchain technology. In our proposed system, private cloud is used to store the IMR knowledge, and blockchain provides standards and protocols for implementing the system as well as ensuring the security in a trustless environment. K-Nearest Neighbors is used for retrieving the blockchain-based document knowledge. The proposed system not only can facilitate injection mould redesign, but also provide a mechanism for knowledge owners to share their own assets securely.
Yinxin Yan, Bin Duan, Zhong Ying, Xiangshuai Qu
Blockchain technology is a kind of distributed database network, which provides the P2P (Peer-to-Peer) digital currency transaction mode through the encryption algorithm and the decentralized mechanism. This paper is to study the application of blockchain technology related to industry 4.0, and put forward blockchain technology in the cooperative development of power electronic devices. The above application scenario includes a producer and a number of engineers, and they are trading on the blockchain. The producer publishes the special requirement of power electronic device which has a preference considering the conflicts between different parameters to apply to his certain industrial scenario. The participants are to design the power supply topology in accordance with the parameters required by the producer. When all parameters are satisfied the order of the producer, it is about to complete the transaction. All participants are required to provide true data of their topology design models.
Janusz Sikorski, Joy Haughton, Markus Kraft
No abstract is available for this record.
Zachary C. Kennedy, David Stephenson, Josef F. Christ, Timothy R. Pope · 7 authors
An anti-counterfeiting method is introduced by doping optically-active nanomaterials into printed parts, non-destructively measuring the part's chemical signatures arising from the taggants, and linking the resulting signature data to a blockchain.
Arda IĆıldar
The well-being of the society depends on a number of metals, including base metals, precious metals and increasingly rare earth elements (REE). The usage of these metals increased in numerous applications, including electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), and their interrupted supply is at stake. There is an increasing interest in the secondary sources of these metals, particularly waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in order to compensate their potential supply deficit. This PhD thesis demonstrates the advantages and bottlenecks of biological and chemical approaches, as well as the advances and perspectives in the development of sustainable processes for metal recovery from WEEE. Furthermore, a novel process for the recovery of metals from WEEE is described, and a techno-economic assessment is given.\nDiscarded printed circuit boards (PCB) from personal computers (PC), laptops, mobile phones and telecom servers were studied. Following an extensive literature review, a novel characterization and total metal assay method was introduced and applied to waste board materials. Discarded PCB contained metals in the range of (%, by weight): copper (Cu) 17.6 - 39.0, iron (Fe) 0.7 - 7.5, aluminum (Al) 1.0 - 5.5, nickel (Ni) 0.2 - 1.1, zinc (Zn) 0.3 - 1.2, as well as gold (Au) (in ppm) 21 - 320. In addition, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) methodology was applied for selection of the best-suited technology. A proof-of-concept for a two-step bioleaching extraction is given, in which 98.4% and 44.0% of the Cu and Au, respectively, were extracted. The two-step extraction procedure was applied to the chemical leaching of metals from PCB. Cu leaching was carried in an acidic oxidative mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2, whereas Au was leached by S2O32â in a NH4+medium, catalyzed by CuSO4. Under the optimized conditions, 99.2% and 92.2% of Cu and Au, respectively, were extracted from the board material. Selective recovery of Cu from the bioleaching leachate using sulfidic precipitation and electrowinning is studied. Cu was selectively recovered on the cathode electrode at a 50 mA current density in 50 minutes, with a 97.8% efficiency and 65.0% purity. The techno-economic analysis and environmental sustainability assessment of the new technology at an early stage of development was investigated.
Komali Yenneti, Premakumara Jagath Dickella Gamaralalage
The solid waste sector is a significant contributor to methane (CH 4 ) emissions with a global warming potential (GWP) of 21 times more than that of CO 2 bringing the need for preventive actions from this sector. In the recent years, composting projects both centralized and decentralized have proved to be addressing this issue. However, much of the decentralized composting projects failed due to their financial and other operational constraints that arise during the course of the implementation. On this regard, the current article reviews the potential of carbon finance as an opportunity for funding decentralized composting projects through demonstrating the application through emission calculation of four cities in Asia. On assessing the emissions, it also identifies the benefits associated with the emissions reduction from the composting projects which might not be available in the absence of the projects. The article also discusses the various carbon financing strategies available in the present market to identify the potential market for inclusion of decentralized composting projects. In the process, the article identifies the issues in the implementation of decentralized composting projects under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and other carbon markets in general.