The paper considers the problem of constructing a model of the robust distributed ledger for security proof of a multidimensional blockchain. Several requirements for the model are imposed, among which most important are compatibility with existing models and presence of functionalities for external transactions. The authors present an approach to extending existing models based on the analysis of these solutions, their advantages and disadvantages. The model construction is based on universal composability framework. Two models are proposed: a model of the robust distributed ledger and a model of the search and verification protocol. These are meant to be used in security proofs for scaling and registration in a multidimensional blockchain. The proposed model of the robust distributed ledger is an extension of models used in security proofs for consensus mechanisms: proof of work and proof of stake. It duplicates their functions and additionally maintains external transactions. The model of the search and verification protocol implements ideal functionality used for external transaction verification. The results prove that the proposed model does not damage essential security parameters of the robust distributed ledger in presence of external transactions. The study confirms the compatibility of the proposed models with existing analogues implementing robust distributed ledgers. This fact allows using the universal composability theorem for constructing security proofs of multidimensional blockchain and search and verification protocol. The proposed method of extending existing models for security proofs can be used to create new models with additional functions not implemented for security proof of a multidimensional blockchain.
Open access
2 source records
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Over the past decade, in addition to multiservice networks, blockchain technology has undergone significant development due to the possibility of organizing a safe, integral, reliable exchange and storage of information. Due to the great demand for the technology, there is a problem of data transmission to the operators' networks. At the same time, a key task appears to consider the effect of this technology on network characteristics to predict traffic behavior on the network and ensure the required service quality indicators, as well as the stability of the state of the public communication network elements when the distributed ledger technology is operating. However, to consider and analyze the influence of technology in a full-scale experiment is a labor-intensive task that cannot always be performed, therefore, in this article, the authors propose to consider approaches to structural-parametric modeling of these systems.
In the 21st century, it is becoming increasingly clear that human activities and the activities of enterprises affect the environment. Therefore, it is important to learn about the methods in which companies minimize the negative effects of their activities. The article presents the steps taken and innovative actions carried out by enterprises in the energy sector. The article analyzes innovative activities undertaken and implemented by enterprises from the energy sector. The relationships between innovative strategies, including, inter alia, digitization, and Industry 4.0 solutions, in the development of companies and the achieved results concerning sustainable development and environmental impact. Digitization has far exceeded traditional productivity improvement ranges of 3–5% per year, with a clear cost improvement potential of well above 25%. Enterprises on a large scale make attempts to increase energy efficiency by implementing the state-of-the-art innovative technical and technological solutions, which increase reliability and durability (material and mechanical engineering). Digitization of energy companies allows them to reduce operating costs and increases efficiency. With digital advances, the useful life of an energy plant can be increased up to 30%. Advanced technologies, blockchain, and the use of intelligent networks enables the activation of prosumers in the electricity market. Reducing energy consumption in industry and at the same time increasing energy efficiency for which the European Union is fighting in the clean air package for all Europeans have a positive impact on environmental protection, sustainable development, and the implementation of the decarbonization program.
Alexey Mikhaylov, Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Tomonobu Senjyu
Abstract In this study, it is examined how to improve the effectiveness of bitcoin market. In this framework, firstly, a wide literature review is made, and different factors that may be effective in this regard are identified. Afterward, an analysis is performed with Hurst method to determine which of these factors are more important. The study of cryptocurrency volatility is important in terms of financial instruments for hedging traditional assets, as well as in terms of pricing. The above results would be particularly useful in terms of portfolio management and risk management. This study discusses various financial issues related to cryptocurrencies, as well as some problems associated with the problems of their forecasting. To solve the problems of forecasting, the authors have not only studied, but also improved the forecasting method based on the machine learning algorithm in the MATLAB system using the tree model. Most of the analysis in the document relies heavily on studies by authors studying this issue. They can help make more informed decisions regarding financial investments and avoid the risks of using cryptocurrencies. The results may also assist regulators in creating a favorable legal environment for the functioning of the cryptocurrency market.
In this paper, using probabilistic methods of the queuing theory for blockchain-based distributed ledger systems mathematical models are constructed that allow calculating a number of characteristics of these systems. The obtained mathematical models are intended for private blockchains and can be used to analyze and optimize the operation of distributed ledger systems in order to ensure their information security.
Over the past decade, the blockchain technology has been actively embraced by an increasing number of companies. Blockchain has proven its effectiveness not only in the financial sector, but also in logistics and supply chain management, and has received extensive coverage in the scientific literature. At the same time, the implementation of blockchain in logistics and supply chain management (SCM) is technically difficult and requires significant financial costs. In this regard, its distribution in countries across the world is uneven. In this study, we compare the implementation of blockchain in countries with developed (Germany) and emerging (Russia) economies. Thus, our study provides new findings and information on the similarities and differences in blockchain implementation strategies in countries with developed and emerging economies. This comparative analysis reveals country peculiarities and different approaches regarding the application of blockchain technologies. The research methodology is based on the case study method. Three economic sectors are selected for the cross-country comparative analysis: the energy, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The analysis is focused on the use of blockchain along all three parts of the supply chain: upstream, production and downstream. Using theory building through case studies, our research results reveal many similarities in blockchain implementation in Germany and Russia. They show that blockchain is actively used in all three analyzed sectors by companies in both countries. Moreover, the technology proves its effectiveness in both upstream and downstream parts of the supply chain. In both Germany and Russia, blockchain is mainly used by large businesses due to its high costs. However, there are some differences regarding the implementation process of the technology in both countries. Firstly, the state support is required for some Russian blockchain projects. Secondly, none of the Russian companies has the necessary "full range" of blockchain competencies, so all Russian projects are carried out in collaboration with other parties, primarily IT partners. Thirdly, most of the Russian blockchain projects are still local in nature and relate to the use of technology in the relationship between the specific supplier and corresponding consumers.
Amir Makhmutov, Sergey Trishin, Konstantin Mironov, Alexey Vulfin
Abstract This paper describes the modeling of the industrial Internet-of-Things network for further exploration of its security properties. The goal is to increase the security of process control systems for industrial facilities based on the development of conceptual foundations, methodology, mathematical models, methods and software tools for comprehensive analysis and cyber security risk management of process control systems for industrial facilities using cognitive modeling technology and data mining. One specific task is modeling DLT implementation for industrial network. Common structure of the proposed modeling network is described. Example of smart contracts for the distributed ledger are presented. Performance of lightweight implementations for ciphers and hash functions are given.
Open access
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The purpose of this work is to reduce the risk of information security of subjects of decentralized autonomous organizations. For this purpose, a mathematical model of the audit of information security of subjects of decentralized autonomous organizations was developed.
This study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of an open innovation cryptocurrency financial system using a statistical approach. The data array reflects the actual speed of the cryptocurrency system, expressed in transactions per second (TPS), taken as the average annual speed. The article offers a comprehensive approach for choosing the optimal cryptocurrency financial system. The final analysis shows that the reasons for the adoption of the cryptocurrency financial system are practicality and convenience, as well as efficient transaction time, faster payment, and simplicity of the payment process. The impact of social factors, expected efforts, and conditions of assistance on the attitude to the cryptocurrency financial system were evaluated. In addition, social factors that have a significant impact on the implementation of the cryptocurrency financial system were identified.
Igor A. Prostov, Sofia S. Amfiteatrova, Natalia G. Butakova
In this article, we describe the issues of building and analyzing the security of corporate distributed ledgers based on directed acyclic graphs for the Internet of Things devices. The relevance of this topic comes from the increased interest in distributed ledger technology in a wide variety of areas. For the Internet of Things, this technology can become a key solution in ensuring the information security of processed data. The article proposes a hardware-software model of a system based on directed acyclic graphs for the Internet of Things, and also experimentally verifies its security.
The last years’ experience of functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that digital solutions can significantly increase the efficiency of business operational processes. This study focuses on the implementation of digital technologies at the airports to optimize information and financial flows, that are required for the air cargo transportation. The study was carried out based on the analysis of technological schedules of airports and airlines for cargo handling. As a result of this study, we have identified the main problematic operations leading to an increase in the time spent by cargo at the airports. The article examines and summarizes the world practice of using blockchain technology to manage information and financial flows in air cargo. The article has developed a model for the implementation of these technologies in the air cargo industry on the basis of a single blockchain platform. This model allows making optimal use of available airport resources in order to minimize service delays. It solves the main problem of creating the transparency of the information exchange between all air cargo transportation participants.
Investing in cryptoassets can be tricky. At the moment, there are many different cryptocurrencies operating on different blockchains with different ecosystems. The use of cryptoassets requires defining a goal in relation to the type of cryptoassets and the degree to which their properties affect their functioning and development. In this article, the author analyzes two of the most popular and significant cryptocurrencies for the cryptoindustry Bitcoin and Ethereum on two different blockchains. The author specifically took two cryptocurrencies that are completely different in their meaning and purpose. In view of the fact that the author does not see an ideal solution to several problems, he described the need for diversification of assets by purpose of use. The author describes each cryptocurrency as a separate ecosystem with its own properties, which requires playing by the rules. The author cites socio-economic factors due to which he chose these two blockchains for analysis, tries to analyze the dependence of the properties of each cryptocurrency on the level of popularization, and gives empirical data stating the consequences in a historical context.The author also considers technical properties as a factor of scalability and attractiveness of each of the blockchains, how cryptocurrencies interact with each other, influencing the financial mood of users. The author of the article also tries to determine the technical and social factors that led to the adaptation of these cryptocurrencies to the traditional financial sector and how they depend on each other. The author describes Bitcoin as a system for saving and multiplying funds, while Ethereum sees it as an ecosystem, an intermediary protocol between already formed market sectors and decentralized applications within the network. After analyzing the results of the study, the author provides general criteria for the formation of a methodology for choosing a cryptocurrency and blockchain for conducting effective operational activities, as well as the formation of its own mechanism for managing the efficiency of cryptocurrency operations.
<p>Bai Jie<sup>1,2</sup>, Du Yanhui<sup>1</sup>, Lu Tianliang<sup>1</sup></p>
This paper studies the sensitive information recognition and processing system in social online games. A real-time data mining framework for sensitive information on online games in the blockchain mode is proposed. A large-scale social online game chat room database is selected for testing, with SKLearn library based on Python is used for data preprocessing. The model training and verification are implemented through tensorflow. The results show that the accuracy of TextCNN is over 5% higher than that of Naive Bayes and CNN models for short text recognition in online game context, so TextCNN model can meet the requirements for high efficiency and accuracy of sensitive information recognition in large-scale online games. The conclusion proves that the blockchain-based online game sensitive information mining framework has the advantage of alliance chain hierarchical management, the characteristics of the distributed ledgers leaving traces in the whole process of information dissemination, and enhanced contract enforcement through the smart contracts and consensus mechanisms.
Leakage of protected data became an acute topic. The system tracking who, where and when has accessed a certain record of such a type of data could be a help in investigating vulnerabilities and weaknesses in defense. Also, it could name and point out responsible staff for the leakage with all legal and justice consequences. The paper considers an approach to build a system to register such kind of facts. The essence is to apply the distributed ledger technology, which is an open data storage. The system allows you to identify users who are trying to retrieve valuable information. At present, a technical and theoretical basis is ready for such solutions. Analysis of the current situation in the area under consideration shows that all the leading players in this segment of the IT market, in parallel with the development of mathematical models and methods of problem-oriented data mining, pay significant attention to the development of special software and hardware tools to support the performance of such tool solutions.
Open access
Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The article is devoted to the analysis of the advantages and risks of using distributed ledger technology in the tasks of logistics and supply chain management. The specificity of the blockchain system makes it possible to solve a number of critical problems of sales management in an enterprise, and, apparently, in one form or another, it will be introduced into economic and business practice. The use of technology will require a number of economic, legal and technological solutions, as well as taking into account new types of risks.
Figure. Distributed Ledger Token Accounting System. Figure. Subjects of Social Relations Based on the Decentralized Information Platform. Figure. Derivativeness of a Digital Asset. Figure. Semantic Features of the Concept of a “Digital Asset” in Economic and Legal Aspects. Figure. Derivativeness of Polyassets and Monoassets. Figure. Types of Tokenized Assets Derived from Property. Figure. Visual Representation of the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property Using Various Types of Tokenized Assets. Figure. Visual Representation of the Classification of Virtual Assets Based on the Complexity of Their Nature. Table. Comparison of Properties of Various Types of Virtual Assets of the Distributed Ledger Derivative of the Original Asset. Table. Main Properties and Parameters of Types of Tokenized Assets. Table. Classification of Virtual Assets as Tools for Implementing the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property.
Introduction: the most promising approach to the creation of critical distributed information systems is the use of modern information technologies. In this regard, it is of great interest to study the possibilities of building systems of this class based on blockchain technology, which, unlike traditional transactional technology, involves distributed data storage with the formation of a distributed ledger. Purpose: the purpose of the research is to develop a conceptual framework for such an approach, covering the features of blockchain technology. Methods: the goal is achieved by conducting a comparative analysis of blockchain technology and transactional technology, developing an algorithm for the functioning of the system, determining the order of interaction between governing bodies and forming criteria for building a system based on blockchain technology. Results: the results of a comparative analysis showed that the introduction of blockchain technology into critical distributed information systems increases the efficiency of data collection and the availability of information resources stored and transmitted within the system. The developed algorithm for the functioning of a distributed information system based on blockchain technology contains three stages, during which, through the use of hash functions, converting the content of the transmitted document into a digital fingerprint and distributing a chain of data blocks across all network nodes, distributed data storage and complete security are ensured. Practical relevance: the considered order of interaction between governing bodies and exchange of information resources in a system based on blockchain technology demonstrated the possibility of practical implementation of this technology in a critical distributed information system and made it possible to form criteria for its construction. Discussion: as the main criteria, the coefficients of the timeliness of information exchange and the availability of information resources are proposed. To satisfy these criteria, in the search for optimal combinations of parameters for the implementation of blockchain technology, the simulation model of the functioning of a critical distributed information system based on blockchain technology should be used, which is considered as a further research direction."
The transport and logistics system is a high-tech intelligent system that focuses on the development of the relevant world-class industry, innovations, software and people’s skills. Besides, it is aimed to exchange routine interaction between economic operators with the use of distributed data registry technology and intelligent management systems, develop a trust center of competence, and form an open architecture with dynamic infrastructure development. At the same time, with the general trend for digitalization, today there are two main ways of their development distinguished: machine learning of the vehicle for its interaction with pedestrians and stationary objects, and filling the infrastructure with accounting and information systems when combined with intelligent transport systems. These days the development of the second way lags behind due to the high cost of both bringing its current state into a normative form, and creating a new digital and intelligent world-class infrastructure. In this situation the development of smart contracts is a necessary element for coordinating and organising transportation, which also provides effective transformation of the transport and logistics system, savings for economic operators and the city’s environment improvement.
Open access
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Transportation Systems and Logistics
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Office of the Government of the Russian Federation, LEONID LEVIN
The article studies the issues of regulating the cryptocurrency circulation, the relationship between the space of fiat money (money, not secured by gold and other precious metals, when the nominal value is set and guaranteed by the state, regardless of the value of the material used for their manufacture) and a large number of new digital payment instruments, as well as examines the control over their circulation and conversion. The purpose of the article is to identify actual legal gaps in the regulation of cryptocurrencies, the uncertainties of their legal status and to find the promising conditions for its effective integration with the financial and economic space of the Russian Federation. The study is carried out considering the importance of preserving the financial, economic, and social security of the state. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for rapid development of the digital economy and accelerated formation of information society relations. The imperfection of the current regulatory framework remains due to the conceptual differences between centralized and decentralized approaches to determining the monetary component of currency policy of the state.