Barbara Balon, Krzysztof Kalinowski, Iwona Paprocka
This article presents the architecture of integration of blockchain technology (BCT) and the Internet of Things with the planning of production processes. The authors proposed a shared concept of a distributed machine database based on BCT. As part of the work, a network of connections for the exchange of production resources was created using nodes communicating in a decentralized system, which at the same time serves as an integration of the virtual and real environment. Particular attention was focused on developing an algorithm for the efficient division of production tasks between all interested network users. BCT is used to conclude smart contracts and transactions and ensure the security of exchanged production data within shared ledgers. The proposed concept is a solution enabling a modern approach to the interdisciplinary management of production resources while maintaining the highest cybersecurity standards.
The paper provides a chronology of blockchain and cryptoassets development. It describes the principles of Bitcoin, including blocks and transactions. Cryptocurrencies and smart contracts are enabled thanks to blockchain technology, but this technology considerably increases energy consumption and carbon footprint. Hence, the paper indicates how much energy is consumed during the past 2022 year by different blockchain platforms at world scale. The article points as well some prospects of blockchain larger deployment in the future with the aim of enhancing economic inclusion and development.
Mohammed Balfaqih, Zain Balfagih, Akram A. Almohammedi, Khaled Mofawiz Alfawaz
The smart city concept serves the well-being of the urban population in order to improve quality of life in different life aspects including logistic services. However, the continuous growth of logistics volume combined with information opaqueness and process complexity led to challenging issues related to managing the services and information of logistics. Hence, efficient management of logistics activities with traceability and condition monitoring capabilities is required to ensure quality and safe delivery. It is necessary also to ensure the accuracy and dependability of distribution data. In this context, this paper proposes a smart and privacy-preserving logistics system for high-price goods distribution. An intelligent parcel (iParcel) containing piezoresistive sensors is developed to pack delivered goods during shipping process for violation detection such as severe fall or theft. Moreover, smart contracts based on blockchain is also developed for automatic approval and payment with the consideration of distributing the shipping information between legitimate logistics parties only. A zero-knowledge proof is used to conceal blockchain address and prove the authentication. iParcels are automatically tracked and traced in which upon violation occurrence, the contract is cancelled, and the payment is refunded. The transaction fee per party is reasonable for high-price products in the pay of guarantee successful shipment.
Jan 5, 2023·2nd International Conference on Computer Applications for Management and Sustainable Development of Production and Industry (CMSD-II-2022)
Currently, one of the most pressing issues in the deployment of smart contracts is security. Concerns about inefficiency, security, and dishonest behavior are well-founded, so ignoring them when using the blockchain network to create smart contracts can lead to extremely high additional costs. The article deals with the most common tools for smart contracts auditing. The purpose of this article is to compare the most popular software tools for smart contract security analysis. Smart contracts were used for this purpose that were recognized as secure with a high degree of probability (hereinafter, for simplicity, known as secure or secure smart contracts), as well as vulnerable or simply vulnerable smart contracts. In total, 20 DeFi smart contracts from the Ethereum blockchain network written in the Solidity programming language were used for analysis.
Given the challenge of manufacturing data silos and information credibility issues in traditional aviation suppliers’ result-oriented management approach, this paper proposes a blockchain-based aviation supplier manufacturing process quality data-sharing platform. Firstly, the paper introduces the possibility of integrating manufacturing supply chain quality management with blockchain technology. Secondly, the quality and data sharing platform architecture of the production process of new aviation suppliers is presented based on quality state and island kinds of aviation suppliers. Then, a detailed method for the implementation of quality and data security sharing is proposed to support the sharing platform’s real-time and orderly operation. Build critical technologies such as manufacturing quality data block packaging models, data storage security sharing, and supplier assessment models on this foundation. Finally, depending on data collection of supplier product production processes to shared application practices based on a specific aircraft industrial park under the supervision of the platform architecture and technology. The application platform integrates the data supply and request components, providing practical and intelligent sharing solutions for airlines’ product quality data.
Detection of vulnerabilities in smart contracts is of great importance for protection of digital assets. Today many researches reveal the features of the contract code using deep learning, but often use a single form of code representation. This does not allow extracting the semantics and structure of the code fully to detect various vulnerabilities. The article proposes vulnerability detection model based on fusion of syntactic and semantic features. Using TextCNN tool and graph neural networks, it is possible to extract syntactic and se-mantic representation from the abstract syntactic tree and the graph of the contract control flow. Combining the features the model increases the detection accuracy and recovery rate for five types of vulnerabilities reaching the average accuracy of 95% and the recovery rate of 91% that ensures effective detection of smart contract vulnerabilities.
Olga N. Uglitskikh, Yulia E. Sizon, Raisa I. Safiullaeva
The article discusses modern digital financial technologies used in transactions with decentralized and centralized finance. The blockchain technology is presented, on the basis of which the world’s cryptocurrencies are created and bank payments are made. Attention is paid to Russian cryptocurrencies and the possibility of using them as a means of payment when transferring funds. The advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency and banking transactions are compared. The conclusion is made about the choice based on the individual needs and preferences of users, as well as the availability and acceptance of cryptocurrency in the country or industry.
Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a popular investment option in recent years. This paper aims to identify and analyse the factors that determine the pricing of cryptocurrencies. The existing problem is the lack of a comprehensive framework for understanding cryptocurrency pricing. The study is necessary to help investors make informed decisions about investing in cryptocurrencies. To examine determinants of cryptocurrency prices, the study used five cryptocurrencies and employs the GMM techniques. The study used multiple variables (coin prices; coins issued per day; difficulty and market capitalisation) to test how they can determine cryptocurrency prices. Findings showed that coins that uses higher hash rate, which has higher difficulty, higher market capitalisation and has lower number of coins that are mined on daily basis, is likely to have its pricing improved over short to medium terms. Overall, this research work provides valuable insights into the factors that determine the pricing of cryptocurrencies.
The article discusses the encryption security of the Bitcoin Core cryptocurrency wallet. Particular attention is paid to aspects of the practical implementation of cryptographic algorithms when encrypting the wallet.dat file with a password. The practical strongness to brute-force attacks using parallel computing on the GPU is also considered. It was found that Bitcoin Core did not implement an encryption key change for private keys. This implementation makes it possible to re-attack the wallet without knowing the new password, if it has already been compromised before. The changes to encryption algorithms that complicate the password brute force attacks on the GPU are also proposed.
the article describes several types of attacks at the level of autonomous systems that can be used, including in the Bitcoin network (active BGP attack, passive BGP attack by collusion, hybrid BGP attack). The mechanisms of the network separation attack and the «selfish mining» attack are described separately. Based on these two attacks, a combined attack is proposed, calculations and analysis of the effectiveness of its application are carried out.
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Legal and Policy Issues
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
Purpose. The research aim is to study effects of cryptocurrencies inclusion into an investment portfolio. To achieve the aim, portfolios with different composition of traditional and crypto assets are to be formed and compared.Methodology. It is proposed to conduct the following steps of the appropriate algorithm of investigating modern opportunities with cryptocurrency market: 1) preliminary analysis of the relationships and interdependencies between traditional assets and crypto assets; 2) formation of the initial set of crypto assets that can be potentially included into portfolio; 3) efficient frontier assessment for portfolios with different initial composition of assets; 4) comparative assessment and result analysis.Findings. The algorithm was implemented for the initial set of five most common traditional assets and ten cryptocurrencies. The latter constituents list was formed according to the value of market capitalization. Than the initial set of crypto assets was reduced according to their multidimensional distances from traditional assets. The results obtained allow to conclude that there are opportunities of portfolio efficiency increase via crypto assets inclusion in its structure. The increase value varies noticeably and depends on the particular kind of crypto assets, their total share and number.Originality. This research suggests to conduct additional preliminary procedures to choose potential candidates to be included into the traditional portfolio among initial set of crypto assets. Firstly, market capitalization value and low correlations with traditional portfolio constituents are taken into account. Secondly, all assets are presented as points in two-dimensional risk-return space and crypto assets are chosen according to the multidimensional distance measure value.
Vladimir. V. Velikorossov, Aleksandr K. Zakharov, Yulia S. Filina, Aleksei Zh. Yakushev
The article analyses the possibilities of creating and implementing digital financial instruments that contribute to the sustainable development of the monetary and financial system of Russia. The methods used are: structural-system, formal-logical, analysis and synthesis, legal, technical, systematic, comparative, historical and grammatical, the method of unity of theory and practice. An attempt has been made to explore a number of digital financial instruments, the key and most promising of which is a smart contract. The main directions of blockchain and mining development in Russia are analysed, including the adoption of the necessary legal acts, the views of specialists, legislative innovations in the field of digital assets, etc. It is shown that the development of blockchain is one of the global trends of the coming years, which will have an impact on different sectors of the economy and business processes of companies. It is concluded that in order to implement the proposed measures for the development of smart contracts and the blockchain system, it is necessary to create a centralized risk management system.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting has become an essential requirement in energy projects, driven by regulatory mandates, stakeholder expectations, and global sustainability goals. However, traditional ESG compliance processes are often fragmented, manual, and prone to inefficiencies and inaccuracies. This paper reviews the integration of blockchain technology and smart compliance management systems in automating ESG reporting for energy projects. It examines how distributed ledger technology ensures data integrity, transparency, and real-time tracking of ESG metrics while facilitating regulatory compliance and auditability. The review also explores the role of smart contracts in enforcing policy rules, minimizing human error, and enhancing trust among stakeholders. Furthermore, it evaluates current implementations, challenges, and future directions in applying blockchain-enabled automation in ESG reporting. The study concludes by identifying gaps in existing frameworks and suggesting a roadmap for the development of scalable, interoperable, and AI-integrated compliance ecosystems that can adapt to evolving ESG standards.
Marina Stepantsevich, Elena Khudyakova, Oleg A. MOTORIN, Alexander V. Eder · 5 authors
The paper considers the conceptual aspects of the application of distributed ledger technology elements (blockchain) and their derivative smart contract for the construction of automated transactions on the example of individual business tasks of large wholesale distribution centers. In the course of the study, the elements and properties of the smart contract characteristic of the subject area under study were determined, as well as the conditions, types of business operations and the corresponding data allowing them to consider the business object state with its subsequent implementation in the smart contract transaction.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The article is devoted to technologies of digitalization of educationzero-knowledge proof, blockchain and artificial intelligence.It analyzes the features of these technologies and lists possible uses in terms of the public good.