This paper examines the integration of Blockchain and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in manufacturing process monitoring. The proposed model emphasizes Blockchain's decentralization, cryptographic security, and smart contracts for enhanced security and efficiency. It addresses challenges like data security and scalability, showcasing the transformative potential of Blockchain-IIoT integration. In the end this work highlights future development opportunities in smart manufacturing.
The potency of digital twins to mitigate the shortcomings of traditional mobility systems, such as Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) can reconfigure it into an intelligent transportation domain with bolstered processing, storage capabilities and decision-making abilities. The vehicular digital network is emerging as the industrial revolution, where each real-mobile entity (i.e., vehicle) is connected in the virtual environment through their digital replica, known as a digital twin. The real-time data synchronization in the digital twin-centric approach is achieved via an open communication channel. Unfortunately, leveraging the virtual-reality synthesized security perils in the network which consequently obligates rigorous privacy and security countermeasures such as authentication, encryption and signature techniques. In this paper, we have suggested a blockchain-based authentication framework for intra-twin and inter-twin communication in vehicular digital twin networks, and the integrated blockchain in the system assures data compactness and verifiability. The security of the protocol is investigated under the real or random oracle model (ROR) and is confirmed secure with non-mathematical security analysis. Eventually, the operational competences and functionality features are inspected with relevant state-of-the-arts. The findings of study states excel computation and communication overhead of suggested system than others and is seemly for vehicular digital twin network.
Digital technologies are advancing supply chains significantly, especially those related to industry 4.0. The distributed ledger technology known as blockchain, which has just lately gained prominence, has a excess of uses in many different industries, most notably supply chain management. Theoretically, blockchain is a dispersed, independent system that makes storage of information secure. Blockchain based approaches may address the limitations of conventional transparency systems. The recently developed distributed ledger technology known as blockchain is becoming more and more well-liked due to its amazing applications across a wide range of industries, most notably supply chain management. A revolutionary change in managing supply chains has been sparked by the introduction of blockchain- based technology, specifically to the manufacturing industry. This chapter explores the manner in which the use of blockchain technology can improve transparency in the complex network of interconnected processes that comprise up the supply chain for manufacturing. Provided to the book “Futuristic Technology for Sustainable Manufacturing”, “Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency in Manufacturing” examines the various ways that blockchain is changing the way that supply chain operate. This section underlines the reception of blockchain innovation as a spine for inventory network the board with the target to accomplish responsibility, straightforwardness, and biological practical as we travel through the not-so-distant eventual fate of assembling. The part likewise talks about the hopeful way that blockchain innovation offers, introducing another period of efficiency and moral conduct in the assembling area. The section covers the ordinary use of blockchain in assembling, and showing how savvy contracts empower genuine - time perceivability, cut down on interferences and lessen blunders. Additionally, it digs into the capability of blockchain innovation in ensuring adherence to supportability models, subsequently supporting the focal idea of feasible assembling.
A. Sasikumar, Logesh Ravi, Malathi Devarajan, V. Subramaniyaswamy · 6 authors
Industry 4.0 requires digital twins (DTs), a potential technology in the transition. By offering current operational statistics visualizations of physical assets, assisting in decision-making, and mitigating possible hazards in electronic manufacturing environments, DTs are essential to the improvement of distributed consumer electronics. DTs must also work with blockchain technology in dispersed consumer electronics systems to anticipate data privacy and access control. Unfortunately, the single failure of DT collaboration is caused by centralized attacks and data interoperability, authentication, scalability, and connectivity issues. This paper provides the secure architecture for the DTs’ collaboration in consumer electronic devices. Next, we have created an access control mechanism based on a consensus model that combines blockchain, digital twin, and real-time monitoring of consumer devices. The proposed framework uses blockchain technology to empower digital twin-based consumer electronic devices. Specifically, we created a collaborative blockchain architecture based on manufacturer, retailer, and device users, emphasizing a distributed chain code model and real-time access control. The experimental results show that the proposed system integration performs better than the baseline digital twin architecture.
S. Jegadeesan, R. K. Hayvita, Ahamed Nishath, S. Ramalakshmi · 6 authors
Data synchronization is a critical aspect in the deployment of Digital Twins within Fog-Edge Cloud environments, ensuring consistency and reliability across distributed systems. However, the security and efficiency of synchronization techniques remain significant challenges. The paper presents a novel algorithm named TwinCrypt, which is designed based on the combination of appropriate encryption algorithm called as Homomorphic Encryption and suitable computing mechanism scheme called as Secure Multi-Party Computation. The algorithm is aimed to achieve secure and efficient data synchronization for Digital Twins in Fog-Edge Cloud environments. The proposed algorithm aims to address vulnerabilities associated with data transmission and storage, offering robust protection against unauthorized access and data breaches. The performance effectiveness of TwinCrypt is analysed by conducting suitable simulations and the simulation results are compared with are conducted comparing it with the existing algorithms used for data synchronization viz. RSA Encryption, AES Encryption, and Zero-Knowledge Proofs in similar environments. Simulation metrics such as latency, throughput, and security overhead are employed to assess the performance of TwinCrypt against its counterparts. The results establish that TwinCrypt outperforms existing algorithms in both security and efficiency, showcasing its suitability for real- world deployment scenarios.
Junming Li, Shuping Dang, Zhenrong Zhang, Lie Wang
Web 3.0 or Web3 is the next-generation Internet paradigm, which aims to realize the vision of a decentralized and open Web that provides greater utility to users. Due to the rapid development of technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and extended reality (XR), the industrial metaverse, which is an immersive and interactive simulation mirroring real-world processes, systems, and objects, is gradually becoming a reality. Simultaneously, the industrial metaverse represents a new paradigm for the next generation of industrial transformation. However, data communications supporting the industrial meta-verse require extremely high reliability and low latency to ensure a high level of quality of service (QoS). Therefore, achieving an immersive and interactive industrial metaverse poses significant challenges to data communications. In this article, we first review the big picture of the industry and high-tech companies of industrial metaverse. Subsequently, we explore the application potential of sixth-generation (6G) communication technology and various enabling technologies, such as ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in the industrial metaverse. Then, we propose an RIS-enhanced communication paradigm to solve the challenges of privacy, security, reliability, and latency for industrial meta-verse applications. Finally, we discuss potential communication research directions for the industrial metaverse.
In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and shifting consumer demands, supply chain management encounters unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Blockchain technology, renowned for its decentralized and immutable ledger, emerges as a promising solution to confront these challenges by fostering trust, enhancing traceability, and optimizing operations throughout the supply chain ecosystem. This chapter undertakes a thorough exploration of essential concepts, practical applications, and optimal strategies, aiming to equip professionals, researchers, and decision-makers with the insights needed to use the full potential of blockchain in revolutionizing supply chain management. Through a critical analysis of blockchain's capabilities, organizations can effectively navigate the intricacies of modern supply chains, cultivate collaborative endeavors, and propel sustainable growth within the dynamic business environment of tomorrow.
Anna Visvizi, Radosław Malik, Gianluca Maria Guazzo, Vilma Çekani
Purpose Against the background of the I50 paradigm, this paper queries in what ways blockchain and blockchain-based applications deployed in the smart city context facilitate the integration of the I50 paradigm in smart urban contexts. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach is applied. First, by means of desk research and thematic literature review, a conceptual model integrating the I50 paradigm, smart city and blockchain-based solutions is built. Second, science mapping bibliometric analysis (SciMat) based on keywords’ co-occurrence is applied to a sample of 491 research articles to identify key domains of blockchain-based applications’ use in smart city. Third, a semi-systematic literature review complements insights gained through SciMat. Fourth, the findings are interpreted through the precepts of the conceptual model devised earlier. Findings The key blockchain-based applications in smart cities pertain to two domains, i.e. the foundational, service facilitation-oriented domain, including security (and safety), networks, computing, resource management and the service delivery-oriented domain, including mobility, energy and healthcare. Blockchain serves as the key building block for applications developed to deliver functions specific to each of the thus identified domains. A substantial layering of blockchain-based tools and applications is necessary to advance from the less to the more complex functional domains of the smart city. Originality/value At the conceptual level, the intricacies of the (making of the) I50 paradigm are discussed and a case for I50 – smart city – blockchain nexus is made. Easton’s input–output model as well as constructivism is referenced. At the empirical level, the key major domains of blockchain-based applications are discussed; those that bear the prospect of integrating the I50 paradigm in the smart city are highlighted. At the methodological level, a strategic move is made aimed at restoring the literature review’s role as subservient to the key line of exploration, to justify and ultimately support it, rather than to showcase the literature review as the ultimate purpose for itself.
Marisol García‐Valls, Alejandro M. Chirivella-Ciruelos
Integrating digital twin technology in Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things can boost their intelligence. Given the current maturity of digital twin technology (yet in progress), improving the models that these systems use is typically achieved off-line, requiring the system to stop and reconfigure to run each new model version. In fact, most works use cloud back-ends to run heavy machine learning algorithms, imposing strict requirements on the data exchange between the physical system and the cloud. We address the online improvement of digital twin models in cyber–physical systems by supporting model refinement without disrupting nor stopping the normal operation of the system. This improves the dynamicity of the system that may turn into a major competitive advantage in a number of industrial scenarios. Precisely, we exploit the collaborative expectation of next generation cyber–physical systems based on highly-connected cells enabled by 5G and 6G networking; and on top of these, we design a shared space properly managed to deliver the needed temporal behaviour required by cyber–physical systems. For this, we present the design of CoTwin framework as a middleware that allows cells to collectively improve digital twin models seamlessly. CoTwin manages the interaction of cells with a blockchain-based collaborative space offering a built-in trusted storage model. We integrate neural network algorithms as they provide fast execution that meet the time-sensitivity requirements of cyber–physical systems. Our contribution is validated by means of its implementation and deployment on an actual blockchain network, and an exhaustive set of experiments to analyse the resulting overhead and temporal behaviour. Results show that CoTwin achieves stable execution times accross all its functional pieces; and it exhibits stable service time for large sets of cells.
Mallellu Sai Prashanth, V. Uma Maheswari, Rajinikanth Aluvalu, M V V Prasad Kantipudi
INTRODUCTION: Blockchain technology is being investigated as a viable solution due to the industry's growing requirement for accountability and traceability. This study describes a fresh method for tracking down medical products that makes use of a decentralised smart contract network set up on the Ethereum blockchain. In order to enable secure and auditable tracking of health products throughout their lifecycle, the suggested system, named "HealthProductTraceability," makes use of the transparency and immutability of blockchain. OBJECTIVES: The system uses a "Product" struct to hold pertinent data such the product name, batch number, temperature, producer, and distributors. To quickly get product information depending on the batch number, a mapping is used. The use of tools to manufacture items, send them to distributors, and market them is one significant contribution of this research.By demanding validation tests, such as verifying that batch numbers are unique and exist before carrying out certain activities, these functions protect the integrity of the traceability system. METHODS: In order to enable interested parties to track the product's travel and temperature changes, the system additionally emits events for product manufacture, distribution, and temperature adjustments. The suggested system is innovative because it can track the temperature of health items from beginning to end on a decentralised, open platform. RESULTS: By utilising blockchain technology, the system lessens reliance on centralised authorities, fosters stakeholder trust, and minimises the likelihood of fraud, forgery, and tampering in the supply chain for health products. The contract's architecture recognises some of the issues with blockchain technology, including scalability and privacy. By investigating solutions like sidechains, off-chain transactions, and enhancements to consensus methods, scalability issues are solved. CONCLUSION: In summary, the suggested HealthProductTraceability system offers a creative and practical solution to the traceability issues facing the health product sector. The solution provides improved transparency, security, and accountability by utilising blockchain technology, paving the path for a more dependable and trustworthy health product supply chain. To increase the system's usefulness and adoption in real-world circumstances, further research can investigate scalability and privacy issues.
We describe many leading blockchain supply chain projects in shipping, trucking, grocery, pharmaceuticals, retail, mining and information technology. After an explanation of blockchain technology and terms, we explain how hashing algorithms provide security to blockchains. Blockchains allow individual items or lots of items to be tracked for traceability and provenance. This also helps protect against counterfeits and deters theft. Non-Fungible Tokens can be used to track individual products, and ISO is developing such a standard. Universal Serial Numbers are necessary to ensure all parties are referring to the same individual item.
Digital Twins (DTs) have recently drawn considerable attention in the AEC industry and academia. Despite their applications, most models typically represent an isolated DT without considering how they can connect to other DTs, where they can share data. Blockchain-based solutions, and specifically Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), have provided various features that can be seen as a promising solution to build the lost bridge for data sharing between different stakeholders in DTs. This study capitalizes the advantages of NFTs to propose a framework for DT knowledge sharing. This framework is followed by providing future prospects of data management in the DT field. Our solution enables the ownership of various DT components, leading to the establishment of a secure data marketplace within the context of the AEC virtual world. This study can also serve as a fundamental source for further investigation by researchers and practitioners to develop an interoperable built Metaverse, where all DTs, in all Levels of Details, can exchange knowledge.
Digital Twin (DT) technology provides a comprehensive virtual representation and dynamic mirror of the physical infrastructure, which is invaluable for Facility Management (FM) applications. However, its operations and sensitive data are managed by the centralized infrastructure, which is relatively vulnerable to being compromised. To address these problems, this paper proposes DT-DAO, a conceptual blockchain-based framework integrating Digital Twin (DT) and Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). Given the immutable nature of blockchain technology, the DT-DAO framework can strengthen the security and resilience of the DT. Moreover, taking advantage of the DAO’s decentralized governance mechanism, task automation capabilities, and the real-time sensory data retrieved from the physical assets, DT-DAO can also be used to create an autonomous physical asset (e.g., smart buildings, infrastructure) that can have its operations run automatically and autonomously as predefined in the smart contract. In addition, this paper also provides potential use cases of DT-DAO in smart building FM.
Digitalization has led to new investments in information including advance administration, storage, and gathering of corporate information. Blockchain technology has enabled this basic change, and it is becoming a feasible way to manage digital assets in various areas. These assets have enormous value and can be traded in a separate market from traditional assets. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are a prime example of this progress. NFTs have created a data-based digital asset market and are safely kept on blockchain network. Unlike fungible digital assets, NFTs are irreplaceable. Gaming, health care, real estate, metaverse and finance could benefit from it. NFTs are more than just digital files and can be crucial to digital finance and its integration in BFSI is evolving due to blockchain and cryptocurrency. NFTs have fundamental obstacles that must be solved before they are accepted. Usability, privacy, governance, security, extensibility, environmental effect and intellectual property are some challenges faced by NFTs. This study explores the opportunities and challenges created by NFTs.
Sung Yong An, Guy Major Ngayo Fotso, Seng-Phil Hong
This study pioneers the enhancement of 5G antenna manufacturing efficiency and reliability by integrating blockchain and smart contract technologies, supported by an in-depth Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. At the heart of our innovation lies the blockchain-based SER-M (B-SER-M) model, which delineates ‘Subject’, ‘Environment’, and ‘Resources’ as crucial factors in the manufacturing process. Our refined AHP analysis reveals ‘Subject’ as the paramount factor, with a pivotal influence weight of 0.465, underscoring its significance in elevating production efficiency and reliability. The integration of blockchain technology facilitates impeccable record-keeping and tracking at each production stage, thereby bolstering data integrity and enhancing traceability. Furthermore, the incorporation of smart contracts streamlines operations by automating processes, enabling the rapid identification and resolution of issues. These technological advancements not only significantly elevate manufacturing efficiency but also markedly improve reliability and quality control across antenna production. The enhanced results of our study demonstrate the formidable potential of integrating cutting-edge technologies in manufacturing, presenting a solid model for sustaining industry competitiveness in an increasingly digital and interconnected realm. Our contributions lay the groundwork for transformative advancements in manufacturing practices, setting a new benchmark for the integration of blockchain and smart contract technologies in enhancing 5G antenna production efficiency and reliability.
M. M. L. Arora, Vasim Ahmad, Rakesh Kumar, Nagendar Yamsani · 6 authors
Due to the integration of technology in the form of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things into the cold chain, the fourth industrial revolution, often known as “Industry 4.0,” evolves as a new technological paradigm. According to the Industry 4.0 vision, the smart cold chain emphasizes worldwide networks of autonomously communicating information along with efficient control systems. Autonomous operation of the smart cold network is made possible by using the cyber-physical system. Since the cooperation between suppliers, manufacturers, producers, and processors, as well as customers, is crucial to improve transparency of all processes from the point of origin to the point of consumption, it is imperative to look at the influence of Industry 4.0 on the entire cold chain. This research study analyzes the application of technology in cold chain and suggests the use of various technologies in the form of solutions to resolve various issues existing in the cold chain.
Artificial intelligence has been instrumental and challenging in making present-day processes exceptionally automated. This modern concept shepherds machines to work in certain broader and state-of-the-art dimensions with predefined and anticipated tasks. MS Azure platforms, Google Cloud AI Platform, Caffe, CNTK, Keras, Pybrain, and deeplearning4j are a few AI tools, platforms, and libraries that absorb the simulation of intelligence of human beings in machines and these machines are extensively programmed and cultured in the modus operandi that can take measures and move closer to the human way of thinking. The machine trains the data, which makes it assimilate and evolve to solve problems based on its heuristic approach. After this, a thin line can be drawn here and that is the “aspect of data security.” The data that is processed should be secured and prevented from masquerading, breaches, leakage, and theft and should have denial of access if required. Data security constitutes a very significant position in the contemporary concept of Industry 4.0, which paves the path toward automation and innovation. In this astounding journey of AI, another milestone is the blockchain concept. Blockchain technology brings forth data security and is the fulcrum based on the principle of peer-to-peer (P2P) distributed application architecture and topology. This distributed ledger technology allows the storage of data on various servers simultaneously across the globe in a way that in real time all the users across the network can monitor and distinguish each other&s;s entries/transactions. This observant mechanism makes data more secure and prevents data from being breached, hacked, and centralized, and ultimately protects from random unauthorized access. Considering Industry 4.0, the upcoming automation era is going to raise concerns about data security, especially when the data is voluminous and available online. In a way, the data security torch bearer of blockchain technology will assuredly be a pathway to Industry 4.0.
The emergence of connected and autonomous vehicles has led to increased demand for secure and efficient communication systems. Blockchain, a decentralized and tamperproof distributed ledger technology, offers promising solutions for addressing the challenges of communication in smart vehicle networks and has the potential to revolutionize the automotive industry. We discuss the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology and explore its application in the context of smart vehicles. Additionally, we examine the key features and benefits of blockchain-based communication frameworks for vehicles, infrastructure, and other stakeholders and highlight the potential impact of these frameworks on enhancing the safety, security, transparency, and efficiency of smart transportation systems. By exploring the fundamental concepts, applications, design considerations, case studies, and future directions, readers will gain insights into the benefits, and also the challenges, of integrating blockchain into smart transportation systems. These challenges include scalability, privacy, security, regulatory compliance, and interoperability. Extensive research, industry collaborations, and standardization efforts are underway to address these challenges and establish robust frameworks for blockchain integration in the automotive sector.
U radu su opisane faze ažuriranja Ethereum 1.0 mreže na Ethereum 2.0 mrežu. Radi demonstracije načina na koji se mogu inspektovati podaci na Ethereum mreži, kao što su izvršene transakcije i kreirani blokovi, korišćeni su istraživači blokova. Za kreiranje novčanika iskorišten je MetaMask, dok je kao istraživač blokova korišten EtherScan. Transakcije su izvršene i pregledane na testnoj mreži Sepolia.
People suffering from chronic diseases require continuous support in monitoring their nutrition, diagnostic tests, medication, and daily activity tracking. Given the low ratio of patients to healthcare providers, it becomes infeasible to provide one-to-one support to patients. Furthermore the existing online medical consultation platforms are costly for regular approach. Addressing these issues, we propose to monitor and assist patients suffering from chronic disease using a novel Al-based and IoT-supported digital twin platform. A digital twin of a patient grows with the patient, and it helps in continuous and remote patient monitoring. Further, the digital twin enables the creation of patient-specific personalized treatment models, enabling doctors to conduct virtual simulations of the suitability of certain drugs and procedures. The data collected from the digital twin is fed to machine learning models for intelligent analysis, feedback, and support. The proposed solution incorporates five essential machine learning models using novel algorithms for drug recommendation, chronic disease stage detection, nutrition tracking and recommendation, patient activity tracking, and patient data anonymization. Addressing patients' lack of motivation to participate in emerging patient monitoring frameworks, we incorporate an incentive mechanism rooted in Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) to encourage active participation in patients, which also has the added benefit of helping patients to store their historical medical data securely.