Ida Ayu Samhita Chanda Thistanti, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, I Wayan Arthanaya
Technological advances in the world are very helpful in payment systems that are safe, fast and confidential. Currently, it has also given birth to a rapidly growing currency, namely cryptocurrency, but Indonesia still does not have definite regulations regarding the use of cryptocurrencies. The purposes of this research are to examine the regulation of cryptocurrency legality based on the Indonesian Positive Law and to examine the legal sanctions in the event of a criminal use of cryptocurrency in Indonesia. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials that have authoritative properties. To obtain valid data in the field, the researcher uses library techniques, recording techniques, and combines it with normative legal research and makes a law that is both inductive and deductive. The data were analyzed by legal argumentation and descriptive analysis to obtain a systematic comprehensive picture. The results of the study reveal that the regulation of the legality of using cryptocurrencies in Indonesia is no longer referred to as “digital money”, but “commodities” regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency in CoFTRA rules No. 3 of 2019 and CoFTRA No. 5 of 2019. It is expected that policy holders will issue strict regulations and sanctions related to the use of crypto currency for crimes against the use of cryptocurrencies for the public and investors as users of Crypto Assets in Indonesia.
The significant increase in crypto investment in Indonesia is very high. This is indicated by the increase in crypto transactions, especially bitcoin and the increasing number of member investors in Indodax as one of the crypto transaction platforms in Indonesia. However, this increase is not supported by laws and regulations that can protect investors against their funds that have been deposited on a crypto transaction platform due to platform errors or due to fraud that is rampant in the cryptocurrency world. The fairly high increase in investment has also attracted the attention of the Indonesian government in collecting income taxes for investors in the crypto world which can increase the government's coffers of wealth destined for national development. However, there is also no regulation that regulates how much and how the income tax will be imposed. imposed on investors. So tthe problem arises as to how legal protection is for crypto currency investors in Indonesia and how income taxes can be imposed on crypto investors. The problem approach used in this research is the statutory approach, and the conceptual approach. Legal protection for CryptoCurrency investors is in the form of supervision from BAPPEBTI, supervision from the Investment Supervisory Task Force, security protection from crypto asset market managers and law protection form UU ITE. The imposition of crypto taxes can be imposed as well as the final share income tax, which is 0.1% of the gross amount of crypto asset sales transactions.
Investasi kripto (Cryptocurrency) sangat berkembang saat ini baik secara global maupun di indonesia, Cryptocurrency dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran atau mata uang yang merupakan tujuan pertama diciptakannya mata uang tersebut, dan sisi lainnya adalah sebagai komoditas atau sebagai aset digital yang lazimnya disebut sebagai Aset Kripto atau Crypto Asset. Sebagai alat pembayaran, cryptocurrency dilarang di Indonesia tetapi sebagai aset di perbolehkan untuk diperdagangkan. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana tata kelola pembentukan regulasi terkait perdagangan mata uang kripto (cryptocurrency) sebagai aset kripto (crypto asset) saat ini? dan Bagaimana pengaturan yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun tata kelola regulasi yang lebih komprehensif terkait aset kripto (crypto asset)?, dari hasil penelitian terdapat pengaturan terkait dengan Aset Kripto yang dikeluarkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2011 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi, dan Peraturan Menteri perdagangan serta peraturan Bappebti. Tetapi beberapa aspek pengaturan masih belum diatur seperti terkait dengan perlindungan investor/pelanggan aset kripto dalam Bursa/ Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto.
The latest technological advancement resulted in the creation of innovations, such as cryptocurrency, namely virtual money that functions as a tool of exchange as well as a form of investment. A popular form of cryptocurrency is bitcoin. Bitcoin prices often fluctuate, which opens the risk for price manipulation that may bring loss to others. This paper aims to analyze the legal protection of bitcoin price manipulation. This descriptive research uses the doctrinal or the normative approach. The data of this research is obtained from secondary data, i.e., literary legal materials. Results show that the price manipulation in bitcoins happened due to the ‘pump and dump’ activity. ‘Pump and dump’ is the most dangerous crime in the cryptocurrency market, as the crypto assets are bought in large amounts (‘pump’), thus causing the price to steeply increase. Then, it is sold in large amounts (‘dump’) so the price falls drastically and it returns to the point before the pump. This is categorized as a cybercrime. All the parties that experience loss from this crime have the right to obtain legal protection and to undergo legal efforts. Then, the legal effort includes the litigation method through the court or the non-litigation method by resolving disputes outside of the court.
Abstract The rapidly growing currents of globalization and technology are having a tremendous impact on the joints of human life. The one that's currently high and hyper preoccupied is Cryptocurrency (virtual money). Cryptocurrency is a nonformable, yet it is essentially a digital form of digital data or information in the digital form of electronic transactions. Cryptocurrency currently is often used as a cover for criminal offence. Basically, the use of Cryptocurrency has two sides: profit and surplus. Therefore, the study aims to analyze whether Cryptocurrency is a criminal money laundering crime and how legality of the Indonesian use of Cryptocurrency is based on regulations. The research of journal used normative legal methods, constitutional approaches and conceptual approaches. The result of the study as a virtual currency has been debated because it has two sides of a double-edged knife. Cryptocurrency directly benefits the transaction process to those who make the transaction and are safer for the users. However, it can help to facilitate and provide virtual (digital) crime and help crime members more safely washing off their crime results. The legality of the use of Cryptocurrency in Indonesia, when using it as a payment, would not be a valid one because it would not fit the regulations of the law, but instead, cryptocurrency could be traded through a physical trader of crypto assets in the stock exchange. Key word: cryptocurrency; criminal offence; virtual money Abstrak Arus globalisasi dan teknologi berkembang dengan pesat yang memberikan dampak yang luar biasa terhadap sendi kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya yang saat ini ramai dan banyak di perbincangkan adalah cryptocurrency (uang virtual). Cryptocurrency merupakan benda niaga yang tidak berbentuk, namun pada dasarnya berbentuk digital berupa data atau informasi dalam bentuk digital dalam transaksi elektronik. Cryptocurrency pada saat ini sering dijadikan sebagai penyamaran dari sebuah tindak pidana. Pada dasarnya Penggunaan cryptocurrency memiliki dua sisi yaitu keuntungan dan kelebihan. Sehingga Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa apakah cryptocerrency termasuk Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Pencucian Uang dan bagaimana legalitas penggunaan cryptocerrency di Indonesia yang didasarkan Peraturan perundang-undangan. Pada penelitian jurnal ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif, dan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang serta pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitiannya adalah mata uang virtual (cryptocurrency) telah menjadi perdebatan karena memiliki dua sisi pisau yang bermata dua dan sama-sama tajamnya. Secara langsung cryptocurrency memberikan banyak manfaat bagi proses transaksi bagi para pihak yang melakukan transaksi dan lebih aman bagi penggunanya. Namun, disisi yang lainnya dapat membantu untuk memfasilitasi dan menyediakan kejahatan dunia maya (dunia digital) serta membantu anggota pelaku kejahatan lebih aman dalam mencuci hasil kejahatannya. Legalitas penggunaan cryptocurrency di Indonesia, apabila menggunakan sebagai alat pembayaran maka bukanlah alat yang sah karena tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, Namun, sebaliknya cryptocurrency atau asset crypto dapat diperdagangkan melalui pedagang fisik yang berupa aset kripto di bursa berjangka dan dapat dimiliki. Kata kunci: cryptocurrency; tindak pidana; uang virtual
Smart contract lahir dari pemanfaatan tekonologi blockchain yang terdiri dari susuan algoritma komputer. Smart contract diciptakan oleh Nick Szabo pada tahun 1994 sebagai kegiatan transaksi menggunakan komputerisasi untuk menjalankan ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah diatur di dalam kontrak. Salah satu sifat dari smart contract adalah adanya self executing yang mampu memberikan keamanan para pihak. Dirancang dengan menggunakan kriptografi yang memberikan efisiensi dalam pelaksanaan kontraknya. Dengan menggunaan tekonologi blockchain di dalam smart contract dapat memberikan manfaat bagi perkembangan bisnis. KarakteristIk dalam teknologi blockchain adalah desentralisasi yang tidak begantung dengan pihak ketiga, transparan dalam perekaman transaksi yang ada, terbuka untuk umum dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua orang, mandiri, tetap dan kerahasiaan. Smart contract mampu membawa perubahaan dalam pelaksanaan kontrak yang diikuti dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Dalam pelaksanaanya di Indonesia smart contract harus dapat memenuhi syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian agar dapat diakui sebagai suatu kontrak yang sah serta dapat memberikan perlindungan bagi para pihak. Selain itu dalam UU ITE smart contract yang dikategorikan sebagai salah satu kontrak elektronik. Pemanfaatan smart contract telah diaplikasikan kedalam beberapa sektor, salah satunya sektor pertanian. Dengan pemanfaatannya disektor pertanian akan mampu memberikan manfaat kepada berbagai pihak seperti petani, lembaga perbankan/ finansial, perusahaan asuransi pertanian, industri pangan, dan industri teknologi dan manufaktur melalui pertukaran data yang dilakuakaan.
Jan 1, 2022·Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2022, 16 April 2022, Semarang, Indonesia
Cryptocurrency is a digital currency system where the user uses digital payments for business activities carried out that function as a standard currency. A statutory method as well as a conceptual approach were used in this study carried out in a normative juridical manner based on statutory regula
Inaz Indra Nugroho, Reza Pratiwi, Salsabila Rahma Az Zahro
Pada era disrupsi saat ini, inovasi teknologi dan informasi terus mengalami perkembangan, salah satu contohnya adalah e-commerce. Namun pada pelaksanaannya, masih dijumpai beberapa kelemahan, salah satunya dalam sistem keamanan siber yang mengatur perlindungan data pribadi milik pengguna ecommerce yang mengakibatkan kebocoran data pribadi. Selain itu, belum adanya peraturan khusus terkait perlindungan data pribadi menyebabkan banyaknya permasalahan terkait kebocoran data pribadi. Hal ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 28G ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI Tahun 1945) yang menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi. Penulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk membantu mewujudkan penegakan keamanan siber di Indonesia. Karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis empiris. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu studi lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara dan studi kepustakaan, seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, buku dan jurnal. Ketika data sudah terkumpul, kemudian dianalisis mengunakan metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang telah dikumpulkan, bahwa sistem keamanan siber di Indonesia masih membutuhkan inovasi terhadap perlindungan data pribadi, yaitu berupa sistem keamanan blockchain. Penggunaan sistem blockchain memerlukan sebuah payung hukum agar keberadannya dapat mengurangi permasalahan kebocoran data pribadi. Berkaitan dengan hal itu, diperlukan kebijakan terkait sistem keamanan siber yang memiliki orientasi pada era disrupsi terhadap perlindungan data pribadi, yaitu Regulatory Blockchain. Dalam pelaksanaannya membutuhkan peran stakeholder, seperti Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika, serta Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara untuk merealisasikan Pasal 28G ayat (1) UUD NRI Tahun 1945.
Muhammad Syahri Ramadhan, Theta Murty, Adrian Nugraha, Muhammad Zainul Arifin
Cryptocurrency sudah banyak diminati oleh kalangan masyarakat di dunia, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Cryptocurrency merupakan mata uang digital yang dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif investasi selain investasi abstrak lainnya seperti saham. Para pemilik usaha tentunya harus mulai memikirkan bahwa ketika perusahaannya fokus kepada kegiatan usaha yang berbasis e-commerce, maka perusahaan memikirkan bahwa aset Cryptocurrency ini baik dari aspek ekonomi maupun hukum, untuk ditentukan sebagai aset perusahaan. Rumusan masalah yang akan dianalisis yaitu Bagaimana legitimasi dari pemanfaatan mata uang digital ( Cryptocurrency) Perseroan Terbatas sebagai aset Perusahaan. Tantangan dan solusi dalam mengimplementasikan regulasi terkait mata uang digital ( Cryptocurrency) Perseroan Terbatas sebagai aset Perusahaan. Pada saat ini mata uang digital masih diakui sebagai aset komoditas dalam aspek yuridis. Cryptocurrency belum dapat diakui oleh pemerintah sebagai mata uang selayaknya seperti rupiah dikarenakan adanya peraturan perundang – undangan yang melarangnya tersebut. Legitimasi bahwa aset kripto dapat dikategorikan sebagai aset perusahaan dapat dilihat pada Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 99 Tahun 2018 Tentang Kebijakan Umum Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Berjangka Aset Kripto dan Peraturan BAPPEBTI Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto di Bursa Berjangka. Tantangan dan solusi dalam mengimplementasikan ialah Kultur untuk menjadikan aset kripto sebagai aset penting dalam perusahaan harus ditingkatkan, hal ini dapat dimulai dengan membenahi sarana prasarana terkait digitalisasi seperti internet, gawai dan sejenisnya. Tindakan pemerintah juga tidak hanya berhenti menjadikan Cryptocurrrency (mata uang digital) sebagai aset komoditas saja akan tetapi dibutuhkan adanya aturan khusus bahwa mata uang digital dijadikan sebagai alat pembayaran sebagaimana mata uang rupiah seperti dalam wacana Bank Indonesia yaitu merancang Rupiah Digital atau Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).
<em>Blockchain has functioned as a ledger that decentralizes controls with immutable and irreversible character and have the potential to overcome the deficiency of traditional contracts, especially in today’s digital era such as the e-commerce industry. Unfortunately, although famous to be used for blockchain and smart contracts have not been applied widely in Indonesia and there is no regulation that specifically regulates the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. This article will analyze the application of smart contracts to escalate consumer rights in e-commerce services. This research showed that the self-executory characteristic of smart contracts helps the consumer to have an equal bargaining position with businesses actors in determining the contents of the contract. In response to those curative efforts, the smart contract will be advantageous as a preventive scheme for PIL cases. The self-executory character of the smart contract will prevent many PIL cases which are potentially occurred. The immutable nature of blockchain records will also be helpful for any dispute settlement scheme. This might be led to the tendency that international e-commerce cases should not be litigated or to be set for an arbitration tribunal. Those international e-commerce cases might not require settlement of judicative branch and may be settled at the administrative level. Consequently, this would create a more effective and efficient settlement, both in time and money. Those advantages have made blockchain-based smart contracts will be prospective in Indonesia, in the upcoming future</em>
Ardhi Barkah Apandi, Muhammad Iqbal Fasa, A.Kumedi Ja’far
ABSTRAK
 Bitcoin adalah sistem pembayaran online dari uang elektronik peer-to-peer (P2P) yang dikirim langsung dari satu pihak ke pihak lain tanpa melalui lembaga keuangan. Di Indonesia Bitcoin tidak memiliki legalitas untuk dijadikan sebagai alat transaksi yang sah karena bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang nomor 7 tahun 2011 dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia nomor 17 tahun 2015 serta kepemilikan Bitcoin hanya dianggap sah apabila Bitcoin dijadikan sebagai asset kripto dalam bursa berjangka komoditi. Konsep Bitcoin menurut ulama Indonesia haram karena mengandung gharar dan dharar serta bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang. Gharar disebabkan karena penemu atau penciptanya tidak diketahui secara pasti, tidak adanya otoritas yang memastikan keabsahan transaksi, tidak memiliki nilai intrinsik, tidak memiliki validitas dalam sistem ekonomi, nilainya yang tidak stabil karena volatilitas yang tinggi, sulit untuk diawasi akibat ketidakjelasan pemiliki. Dharar disebabkan karena factor kemanan yang rentan akan peretasan, nilai yang fluktuatif sehingga harga bisa turun drastis dan merugikan pemilik, tidak adanya regulasi yang memberikan jaminan terlindung dari kerugian.
 ABSTRACT
 Bitcoin is an online payment system of peer-to-peer (P2P) electronic money sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Bitcoin does not have the legality to be used as a legal transaction tool because it is contrary to Undang-Undang nomor 7 of 2011 and Bank Indonesia Regulation number 17 of 2015 and Bitcoin ownership is only considered legal if Bitcoin is used as a crypto asset in the commodity futures exchange. The concept of Bitcoin according to Indonesian scholars is haram because it contains gharar and dharar and is against the law. Gharar is caused by the inventor or creator is not known with certainty, there is no authority to ensure the validity of transactions, has no intrinsic value, has no validity in the economic system, the value is unstable due to high volatility, difficult to announce due to the uncertainty of the owner. Dharar is caused by security factors that are vulnerable to hacking, fluctuating values so that prices can drop drastically and harm the owner, there is no regulation that guarantees protection from losses.
Arsip digital memiliki karakteristik mudah disalin, sehingga selama ini sulit atau bahkan tidak mungkin menjual karya dalam bentuk digital layaknya menjual karya, lukis misalnya, dalam bentuk konvensional. Perkembangan blockchain dan mata uang kripto kini menjadikan hal tersebut menjadi mungkin. NFT(non-fungible token) memungkinkan arsip digital dijual melalui jaringan blockchain. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana konsep dan cara kerja NFT dan kaitannya dengan dunia kearsipan. Adapun metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan studi literatur dan observasi, dikarenakan isu NFT pada dunia arsip masih sangat terbatas dibahas. Diketahui terdapat beberapa peluang penggunaan NFT dalam pengelolaan arsip, seperti penggunaan sertifikat kepemilikan berupa kumpulan kode yang dijalankan pada platform blockchain yang pada aplikasinya bisa diterapkan diberbagai aspek dan bidang kehidupan. Selain itu juga NFT membuka peluang usaha bagi pegiat karya digital. Namun demikian, ditemukan pula beberapa hambatan atau kesulitan yang mungkin menjadikan NFT bukan solusi yang berkelanjutan karena butuhnya tenaga komputasi dan listrik yang besar serta nilainya yang sangat volatil.
Blockchain which includes smart contract and tokenization features is the latest technology in the world, especially Indonesia. Smart contracts and tokenization make it very easy for users and can maintain valid data security, but there are still many universities that have not implemented the system so they have to involve many parties and costs. The problem taken in this study is the payment process for transactions such as credit and data processing that is vulnerable to illegal data leakage. This study aims to develop a smart contract system and blockchain tokenization in universities in the payment transaction process. The method used in this research is literature review analysis and testing method. The implementation of smart contracts and tokenization can replace third parties as security guards of transaction data with all Blockchain users paying attention and ensuring the integrity of the entire process and activity. This of course can avoid problems that arise from the presence of third parties in the transaction process. So it can be concluded that the implementation of smart contracts and Blockchain tokenization in payment transactions is the right solution to be applied in the payment transaction process at universities.
The use of virtual money in society became phenomenal when cryptocurrency emerged as a form of technological development in electronic transactions. Bitcoin as a form of cryptocurrency is now in great demand because it is often considered as a potential new investment instrument in maximizing profits. As a result of these developments, bitcoin abuse is a means of money laundering, such as in the corruption case of PT Asabri (Persero) where the perpetrators launder money by means of bitcoin. Given that the legal arrangements regarding Bitcoin in Indonesia are still very limited and have not yet set up prevention efforts, it is necessary to take efforts to prevent money laundering crimes by means of bitcoin. The purpose of this paper is to see how Bitcoin is set up in Indonesia and discover how to prevent money laundering crimes by means of bitcoin. The method of writing juridical normative with conceptual approach. From this research it was found that the regulation on bitcoin in Indonesia has existed so that the legality of bitcoin in Indonesia has been legal, but the use of bitcoin in Indonesia is only limited to trading commodities in futures exchanges in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 99 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Crypto Asset Trading. Then efforts to prevent criminal laundering by means of crypto money or bitcoin can be done by crypto asset merchant institutions that register their institutions into futures exchanges must use the principle of banking prudence, namely the application of the principle of knowing nasbah, customer due diligence and enhanced due diligence which is then carried out monitoring of service users. The application of the principle is as a commitment in the anti-money laundering program that can be applied in crypto asset trading institusion.
The spread of digital technology currently faster and influence on all of human dimension, including to the financial sector. The presence of cryptocurrency using blockchain technology has changed the previously system that has been used for a long period and it come a pros and cons. The system built using peer-to-peer cause the system no longer need the 3rd party that control the financial system and since the system decentralized. The nature of cryptocurrency which made as the same with gold characteristic such as the limitation of quantity, process to get it must through the mining process, more resistance from inflation are making people and society interested and significantly increase time by time. The decentralized and anonymous blockchain working system for token holders and safe has presented as a new paradigm in the financial sector. But on other hand, there are many challenges and dynamics that arise due to the emergence of these cryptocurrency, one of which is risk from the legal perspective where there are cases of money laundering involving of crypto, losses to the investor asset due to ICO process that not run smoothly, the emergence losses from crypto exchanges that hacked due to not have a high security backup system that made the customer losses their digital wallet. Crypto value that tend to have high volatility and fluctuating rates with fast count also increase the risk. The readiness of countries and drafting laws related to the crypto was contribution for this research. One of the biggest interested from the public is the use of crypto as long asset investment, where the values increasing from year to year, even Bitcoin as one of the cryptocurrencies that previously worthless but currently has very fantastic values and become a favourite from the investor
One of the potentials that can be done by smart contracts is the application of buying and selling business in e- commerce. In a study conducted by the British research institute Merchant Machine as reported in databoks.katadata.co.id states that, out of the 10 list of countries that have the fastest e-commerce growth, Indonesia leads the ranks of these countries with growth reaching 78% in the year 2018. As you know, blockchain not only develops cryptocurrency but also in financial services and smart contract payments. Legal arrangements that apply to smart contracts governed by contract and sale and purchase laws in Indonesia have not yet been found, and need to be explored in order to provide certainty regarding legal protection that can guarantee parties who use smart contracts to guarantee legal certainty and fairness in their application. The research that will be conducted in answering these questions uses a systematic review method, the researcher traces the legislation regarding consumer protection, as well as the principles of electronic contract law that can be applied. The results of the study concluded that with the regulations regarding electronic contracts, smart contracts are legal contracts that can be applied in Indonesia.
Disruption is a double-edged sword since, in addition to facilitating digitization, it also serves as a target for cybercriminals to conduct their schemes. Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual currency that uses cryptography technology to enable digital transactions in cyberspace. Ransomware is one type of crypto crime that has increased in 2020 occurrences. More over, ransomware is a way for cybercriminals to make money by threatening victims with access limitations, data deletion, and data dissemination in exchange for a ransom payment. Furthermore, the government hasn't provided recognition and protection for its inhabitants, the creation of a legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) in Indonesia surrounding cryptocurrency regulation is seen to be damaging to digital users. In light of these issues, the goal of this research is to assist the Indonesian authorities in comprehending the fundamental issues surrounding crypto crimes such as ransomware. Then, to assess the prospects of cryptocurrency as a virtual currency in Indonesia, the research technique employed is a normative juridical research method with a conceptual approach and law. This paper demonstrates that the crime of ransomware will hinder cyber law enforcement in Indonesia, resulting in a detrimental impact on economic development and vulnerability to cyberattacks that harm national security. As a result, if cryptocurrency stays in a legal void or ‘gray area’, governments must be aware and prioritize preventive actions against ransomware attacks and their consequences. This preventative step could take the form of regulating cryptocurrency in Indonesia as virtual money and block ransomware activity.
Bukti digital yang disimpan dalam blok mengurangi kinerja blok, mengurangi kecepatan akses blok dan mengurangi kapasitas media penyimpanan data. Informasi-informasi metadata yang diambil dari bukti digital yang hanya berupa informasi dasar terkait bukti digital dapat mengurangi integritas bukti digital dan juga menyulitkan penyidik dalam mengidentifikasi bukti digital. Pengurangan integritas bukti digital menyebabkan bukti digital ditolak dalam persidangan. Penerapan multi smart contract dalam mengelola bukti digital dan chain of custody menjadi solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Penerapan multi smart contract juga diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kinerja blok dan mengoptimalkan media penyimpanan bukti digital. Langkah-langkah untuk membuat sistem multi smart contract dimulai dengan melakukan identifikasi masalah, melakukan studi literatur, merancang dan membangun sebuah sistem multi-smart contract, pengujian terhadap implementasi, integritas, dan performa sistem multi smart contract , dan analisa terhadap implementasi multi-smart. Hasil dari penerapan multi smart contract ditemukan bahwa bukti digital memiliki karakteristik berbeda-beda dan detail informasi yang berbeda-beda antara satu jenis bukti digital gambar, audio, video, dan dokumen atau jenis bukti digital lainnya. Informasi yang detail mampu meningkatkan integritas bukti digital. Otomatisasi dalam membuat hash dan ekstraksi informasi dari suatu bukti digital dapat mengurangi waktu first responder dalam menginputkan form isian pada sistem multi smart contract. Penyimpanan bukti digital di luar blok dapat meningkatkan performa sistem multi smart contract. Penyimpanan bukti digital yang hanya berupa alat bukti persidangan mampu mengoptimalkan media penyimpanan bukti digital.
Data, reports, and information show that cryptocurrency has supported certain parties as a convenience, whereas the purpose of cryptocurrency is to minimize the weaknesses of conventional money systems in international relations in the current era of globalization. Countries that cannot represent or apply autonomous law in facing cryptocurrency challenges, because it is feared it is increasingly difficult to overcome global cryptocurrency crime. It is precisely in eradicating cryptocurrency crime, law enforcement authorities, priorities of prosecutors who have the highest supremacy in the field of prosecution and other discretion in law enforcement must be dynamic in law enforcement against facilitators from responses to social needs and aspirations, in accordance with legal considerations must acknowledge the wishes of the community and agree in achieving substantive justice. Considering that virtual currency has been banned in Indonesia but crypto-asset trading on the futures exchange has been in force, responsive discretionary prosecutions are needed in combating cryptocurrency crime in Indonesia. Liability that exceeds liability based on faults, namely strict liability, vicarious liability, and secondary liability to any parties that cause cryptocurrency crime can be applied to the mechanism of "follow the money" and "trace the information and communication technologies (ICTs) footprint". It is hoped that prosecution discretion by the prosecutor can reach to the monitoring of suspicious "nodes" and monitoring the registration of ICTs that are vulnerable to cryptocurrency crimes, such as laptops, cellphones, computers, and SIM cards, in providing a deterrent effect to the perpetrators of cryptocurrency crime.
Investasi pada zaman modern ini tidak hanya sebatas emas, saham, obligasi dan lain-lain. Seiring berkembangnya zaman muncul sejenis instrumen investasi baru yang bernama Cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency adalah mata uang digital dengan sifatnya yang desentralisasi. Desentralisasi artiannya adalah metode pelaksanaan traksaksi tanpa adanya pihak ketiga sebagai perantara. Akan tetapi ada juga resiko akibat dari investasi jenis cryptocurrency ini, seperti terjadinya tindak money laundering (pencucian uang) dikarenakan sifat dari cryptocurrency ini yaitu desentralisasi sehingga jika terjadi transaksi yang mencurigakan sulit untuk dilakukan pembekuan ataupun pemblokiran akun dan uang. Yang lainnya adalah sistem pemajakan terhadap keuntungan dari Cryptocurrency ini masih kurang tegas sehingga terjadinya tindak tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak). Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengkaji permasalahan terkait pencegahan money laundering (pencucian uang) dan juga tindak tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak). Adapun penelitian ini menerapakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa kasus money laundering (pencucian uang) didalam cryptocurrency ini terjadi karena fitur anominity dimana identitas aslinya tidak dapat dilacak dan dilindungi oleh sistem. Sehingga adanya celah untuk melakukan tindakan kejahatan seperti pencucian uang. Akan tetapi berdasarkan data yang dipaparkan kasus money laundering (pencucian uang) dalam cryptocurrrency sudah menurun dikarenakan adanya kerjasama antara platform/exchanger dengan PPATK untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kasus tersebut, dan juga praktik tax avoidance (penghindaran pajak) terjadi karena masih adanya ketidakjelasan sistem pemajakan terhadap cryptocurrency. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaporan pajak atas keuntungan cryptocurrency wahib dilaporkan dan tidak susah untuk prosedurnya. Diharapkan adanya kesadaran dari investor untuk melaporkannya sendiri karena sifat pemajakan di Indonesia bersifat self assesment.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi
investor dalam transaksi Cryptocurrency. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
yuridis normatif yaitu penilitian dengan menggunakan metode library research
atau penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber data diperoleh dari literatur dan perundang�undangan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk
perlindungan terhadap investor yang melakukan kegiatan investasi menggunakan
Cryptocurrency yaitu perlindungan hukum yang bersifat represif karena belum
adanya pengaturan khusus yang dapat mengatur mengenai pelaksanaan kegiatan
investasi menggunakan Cryptocurrency. Bentuk perlindungan hukum repesif yang
diberikan terhadap investor pengguna Cryptocurrency yang mengalami kerugian
dan tidak adanya kepastian hukum mengenai kegiatan transaksi Cryptocurrency
ini hanya mengacu pada Kitab Undang – Undang Hukum Perdata dan Undang –
Undang Mata Uang , serta Undang – Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Kata kunci : Pertanggungjawaban Perdata, Cryptocurrency, Perlindungan Hukum,
Investor, Transaksi, Kerugian
Tuti Nurhaeni, Leli Nirmalasari, Adam Faturahman, Sella Avionita
This research is based on the national need to build an effective HKI protection system. Results in the form of human intellectual work that have very high values should receive adequate regulatory protection supported by a sense of justice & be rewarded according to their intellectual output. Copyright protection for creators and copyright holders according to Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Article 1 number 1 & Article 24 paragraph (1) & (2). So according to the parallel growth of science and the number of outputs of work found and technology which is very rapid, has a great effect on human life. With this background, this research adopts a research framework capable of compiling insights from current research bodies on blockchain technology. The application of the blockchain framework aims to make it easier for creators to prove what and when their work was made in front of a court or when registering a work copyright. Blockchain can provide solutions in copyright protection and digital copyright management.
The purpose of this study is to find out the solutions that can be done if there is a loss in bitcoin investment.Along with technological developments, virtual currencies were created to facilitate the process of electronic transactions. Bitcoin is a virtual currency using a peer to peer network that is fully controlled by the user. Its value continues to increase every year, many use bitcoin as an asset in investment. In this study, a normative juridical method was used by collecting data from various sources and laws and regulations related to the discussion in research. Referring to Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currencywhich states that the rupiah is the only legal currency, so there is no regulation regarding the legality of using bitcoin in Indonesia so it cannot be said that it is safe to use bitcoin as an investment asset. If there is a loss caused by investing in bitcoin, the settlement can use litigation or non-litigation channels. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui legalitas investasi bitcoin dan untuk mengetahui penyelesaian sengketa dalam investasi bitcoin yang terus mengalami peningkatan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, diciptakannya mata uang virtual untuk mempermudah dalam proses transaksi elektronik. Bitcoin merupakan mata uang virtual dengan menggunakan jaringan peer to peer yang sepenuhnya dikontrol oleh pengguna. Nilainya yang terus meningkat tiap tahunnya, banyak yang menggunakan bitcoin sebagai aset dalam investasi.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan pembahasan dalam penelitian. Mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang yang menyatakan rupiah adalah satu-satunya mata uang yang sah, dengan begitu belum ada regulasi mengenai legalitas penggunaan bitcoin di Indonesia sehingga belum bisa dikatakan aman menggunakan bitcoin sebagai aset investasi. Jika terjadinya kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat investasi bitcoin, maka penyelesaiannya bisa menggunakan jalur litigasi maupun non litigasi.