Светлана Магомедовна Догучаева, Svetlana V. Zubkova, Yuliya Valentinovna Katrashova
This article identifies the main directions of modernization of the public supply chain management system in the aspect of digitalization of the economy. The need for the im-plementation of the blockchain is justified and the most appropriate type of this network is selected, taking into account the tasks that this technology should solve. The principle of operation of the distributed registry and its characteristics are considered. The levels of access to the blockchain network are determined depending on the roles of participants in the public procurement process. Special attention is paid to smart contracts, on the basis of which trust relations are formed between the parties to the transaction. The authors also used statistical data to assess the socio-economic benefits and identify the main ad-vantages and risks of implementing blockchain technology in the public procurement management system. Smart contracts based on blockchain can provide financial stability, reduce the cost of storing and transporting documents. Thanks to the blockchain, it will be possible to avoid corruption. The blockchain ensures the reliability of the conclusion of the contract and guarantees its execution on the basis of smart contracts. Implementation of blockchain within public procurement system will require investments not only into software development and digital infrastructure, but also into cybersecurity.
Lifecycle contracts (LCC) are a significant organizational innovation in the area of interaction between the state customer and contractors from the business sector of the economy. This method of contractual arrangement provides an effective and mutually beneficial public-private partnership when implementing infrastructural projects and programs in knowledge-based industries. According to LCC, the contractor company ensures not only the building an industrial site of public importance, but also carries out service functions at its operation stage. However, the existing LCC-technologies have sufficiently high transaction costs and do not ensure the integration of information when switching from production to the operational stage. The objective of this article is to study the prospects of the smart-contract implementation for improving the processes when an industrial facility moves through the life cycle stages. The paper proposes a non- cooperative game-theoretical model for verification of the effectiveness of using a smart-contract for service under the LCC with insurance deposits. The result of the study has shown that the implementation of the smart contracts on stages of work with the contractors increases income and reduces risks, as well as increase the transparency of the processes for both the enterprise itself and the third-party suppliers.
Scientific article is devoted to the study of advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency development in the world financial market. The urgency of the study is due to the high market capitalization of the cryptocurrency, which makes it a component of the financial arena of international scale. The article analyzes the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market development, its problems and benefits for states. The result of the study is the conclusion that cryptocurrencies have a greater number of different problems that hinder their development, their solution can be the regulatory framework for their regulation
Anna Khvorostyanaya, I. V. Rozhdestvensky, A. V. Филимонов
Abstract. One of the strategic priorities for the development of large companies is the growth of innovation, as they provide companies with long-term competitive advantages. Working with third-party developers allows corporations to get the development they need at a relatively mature stage, when the main technical risks have already been removed. At the same time, corporations are not ready to finance early-stage developments, while venture investors in Russia mainly finance projects already at the revenue stage. In this regard, the main purpose of this article is to consider a possible mechanism for solving this problem using digital platforms based on distributed ledger technology in the part that relates to smart contracts, as well as a platform for semi-automatic examination of projects using the technology readiness assessment methodology. The creation of digital platforms is due not only to the growth of corporate interests, but also to the increased development of the global and regional trend — digitalization. The article presents and summarizes various digital platforms that can be used by companies to develop a funnel of innovative proposals, that is, industrial acceleration. For this purpose, the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction are used in the article. The key result of this article is the identified tools of digital platforms, which can reduce the systemic and non-systemic risks of strategic investment. The platform for accelerating projects based on distributed ledger technology makes it possible to achieve transparency of transactional operations by fixing the client path, and the platform for assessing the level of readiness and auditing projects based on the methodology for assessing technological readiness solves the problem of balancing the interests of different market actors and optimizes the process of building tactical tasks. These models of digital platforms can be practically implemented in the activities of various market actors and make it easier for them to determine strategic goals and select quantitative and qualitative tasks for their implementation. Further research may be devoted to the analysis of the best practices for the creation and development of such digital platforms, strategic typology, and the study of industry effects of the use of digital platforms.
Open access
Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Regional Economic Development and Innovation
Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
The purpose of the article is to clarify the understanding of the new business conditions, the so-called new normal, as part of the study of approaches to assessing financial stability in financial markets. Main results: the list of main factors that have a particularly significant impact on financial stability in financial markets has been clarified; some results of digital transformation of financial markets are characterized; the possibilities of integrating SPFS and CiPS were evaluated; clarified and supplemented the proposals of the regulator on the introduction of mechanisms for automated detection of sources of spread of illegal activities; on the basis of fragmentary factual material, assumptions were made about the nature of the relationship between the systems of centralized and decentralized finance; substantiates the proposal on the need to create a legal regulated cryptocurrency market in the Russian Federation in order to reduce the scale of the emerging shadow market and to accelerate the process of legal support for its functioning. The significance of the article is determined by the main conclusion about the need to change approaches to assessing financial stability by taking into account the high transitivity of modern economic systems of centralized and decentralized finance and new business conditions (conditionally denoted, among other things, by the acronyms SPOD, VUCA, BANI, etc.).
Open access
Economic and Technological Developments in Russia
Economic Development and Digital Transformation
Economic, Social, and Public Health Issues in Russia and Globally
Ігор Брітченко, Олена Михайлівна Пахненко, Pavlo Mykolaiovych Rubanov, Olga Girzheva · 6 authors
Scientific sources demonstrate different attitudes of researchers to cryptocurrencies because they treat them as a category of currency, virtual money, commodity, etc. Accordingly, the relation to the valuation and risk of cryptocurrency as an investment object is different. The purpose of the article is to identify cryptocurrency value formation factors and determine the risks of investing in cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is simultaneously considered a currency, an asset with uncertain income, and a specific product, the price of which is determined by the energy costs for mining new cryptocurrency blocks. Thus, the paper examines the risks of investing in cryptocurrency from several positions. First, the study identifies the factors of formation of the value and risk of cryptocurrency as ordinary money based on comparing cryptocurrency with traditional money. Unlike traditional money, cryptocurrency is not tied to the economic performance of a particular country; also, central banks do not control or regulate their mining. Instead, the cryptocurrency emissions depend on the computational capacity of the equipment used for their mining. As a financial asset, cryptocurrency can be a “financial bubble” because their value increasing often exceeds the cost of mining. On the other hand, given the emergence of cryptocurrency as a phenomenon of the information economy, the paper analyses the impact of specific technical features (cryptographic hashing algorithm, the complexity of creating new blocks, the technology of verification of mining operations, etc.) on the risk of investing in cryptocurrency assets.
В статье рассмотрены NFT как самостоятельный объект правового регулирования. Определена сущность non-fungible tokens. Выделены особенности реализации невзаимозаменяемых токенов. Рассмотрены проблемы правовой защиты NFT и способы их решения.
Research background: The Russian invasion on Ukraine of February 24, 2022 sharply raised the volatility in commodity and financial markets. This had the adverse effect on the accuracy of volatility forecasts. The scale of negative effects of war was, however, market-specific and some markets exhibited a strong tendency to return to usual levels in a short time. Purpose of the article: We study the volatility shocks caused by the war. Our focus is on the markets highly exposed to the effects of this conflict: the stock, currency, cryptocurrency, gold, wheat and crude oil markets. We evaluate the forecasting accuracy of volatility models during the first stage of the war and compare the scale of forecast deterioration among the examined markets. Our long-term purpose is to analyze the methods that have the potential to mitigate the effect of forecast deterioration under such circumstances. We concentrate on the methods designed to deal with outliers and periods of extreme volatility, but, so far, have not been investigated empirically under the conditions of war. Methods: We use the robust methods of estimation and a modified Range-GARCH model which is based on opening, low, high and closing prices. We compare them with the standard maximum likelihood method of the classic GARCH model. Moreover, we employ the MCS (Model Confidence Set) procedure to create the set of superior models. Findings & value added: Analyzing the market specificity, we identify both some common patterns and substantial differences among the markets, which is the first comparison of this type relating to the ongoing conflict. In particular, we discover the individual nature of the cryptocurrency markets, where the reaction to the outbreak of the war was very limited and the accuracy of forecasts remained at the similar level before and after the beginning of the war. Our long-term contribution are the findings about suitability of methods that have the potential to handle the extreme volatility but have not been examined empirically under the conditions of war. We reveal that the Range-GARCH model compares favorably with the standard volatility models, even when the latter are evaluated in a robust way. It gives valuable implication for the future research connected with military conflicts, showing that in such period gains from using more market information outweigh the benefits of using robust estimators.
In the last ten years, cryptocurrencies have developed rapidly, of which bitcoin has the largest capitalization. With the development of the cryptocurrency market, more and more investors include bitcoin in their asset portfolio. In this regard, the question of the relationship between the volatility of the cryptocurrency market and the stock market is of particular interest. This article analyzes the common stochastic component of the realized volatility of bitcoin and e‐mini S&P futures. The assessment of the global stochastic component and its share in the volatility of the S&P 500 futures and bitcoin in the rolling window made it possible to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between the realized volatility of these two assets, as well as put forward a hypothesis about the causes and preconditions for volatility flows between the cryptocurrency market and the stock market.
The information technology development results in the origin of new types of cryptocurrency. Main advantages of the cryptocurrency use are decentralization and freedom of transactions. Cryptocurrency acts worldwide as the inexpensive technological means of payment as well as special form of investment. Nowadays, there is no shared idea as for the interpretation of the “cryptocurrency” concept. On the one hand, it is considered as the “virtual currency” and called both a special payment network and a new type of monetary means. On the other hand, it is called a “digital asset”, which can be exchanged for other assets. Cryptocurrency is characterized by a free market rate formed on the demand-supply basis.
The article discusses the determinants of the bitcoin (BTC) price value, with particular emphasis on blockchain technology. The method of critical analysis of the literature on the subject was applied, and the state of knowledge in this field was established by juxtaposing different views of researchers on the BTC price value. It has been proven that BTC, being unquestionably a financial innovation, has been subjected to a free valuation of its price in the markets. While observing the development of BTC quotations, potential causes of numerous fluctuations in its market valuation were searched for. The article shows that the expectations related to the use of BTC are relatively highly valued by investors in modern financial markets. A more efficient currency, competition between currencies or the provision of new technological solutions may bring benefits to markets and economies, which, discounted at the present time, generate a certain value. Therefore, the paper shows that the BTC value creation mechanism is therefore different from that of fiat currencies. It has also been confirmed that the promotion of one of the most popular distributed data registers, which is blockchain, is of great value for BTC. BTC has led to the development of blockchain technology that is used in various segments of the economy. Basing BTC's operation on a public data register is the strength of the entire BTC network, but it also brings many risks and uncertainties. Further, research should focus on searching for the economic effects that result from the development of blockchain technology in modern economies.
In this paper the author’s interpretation of essence and applicability of smart-contracts in economics. Examples are given along with critical view on wrong statements, found in publications on examined topic. Repeating of certain theses from similar papers won’t be redundant, because it will help to observe the topic from different point of view. In general, author gives positive valuation of applicability of smart-contracts technology in economics (both, financial and real sector, despite of some obvious inherent disadvantages of current implementation in Ethereum. In author’s opinion, integration of smartcontracts and blockchain with IoT can give synergetic effect and consider real cyber-social interaction. Certain value to this paper is added by author’s practical experience of coding and adopting smart-contracts. Smart-contracts are mentioned by Bank of Russia with implementation of CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) concept in the form of digital rubble and receive additional significance in current trend of dematerialization and virtualization of money. In paper essential terms and author’s point to ability to change contract terms after deploy are given.