Blockchain Papers

Torsten Jacobi

No abstract is available for this record.

Shuaib Ahmed, Yichiet Aun, Miao Xuan Ng

No abstract is available for this record.

Steven Platt, Miquel Oliver

While direct allocation of spectrum and evolved medium access protocols\nprovide a base for ubiquitous wireless connectivity, the existing TCP/IP and\nOSI models were designed for wired networks and do not address open\ninterconnection of air interfaces. Without an interconnection model for the air\ninterface, existing network designs continue to tie wireless medium access to\nthat of the backhaul provider for ownership of access and identity trust,\nresulting in limitations on functionality and coverage. In this paper, we\npropose a novel solution to access ownership and identity trust by extending\nthe TCP network standard, under a new model we propose, named TCP-Air which\nintegrates distributed ledger technologies directly at the air interface.\nFurther, we present two use cases of the TCP-Air model, demonstrating\napplications not feasible under existing permissioned-access network designs.\n

Budankailu Kumar Subudhi, Faruk Catal, Nikolay Tcholtchev, Kin Tsun Chiu · 7 authors

VoIP-based emergency communication is a promising approach to improving the safety of citizens worldwide. The transition required in this scope includes substituting the legacy PSTN/SS7 based emergency call system by Next Generation IP based components for call establishment and control. Thereby, SIP is used as a session control protocol and RTP as the means to transfer emergency data between the caller and the corresponding Public Safety Access Point (PSAP). The emergency data is not only restricted to voice communication but can cover a rich variety of data, which can be acquired by different means (including the end-user devices) and transmitted over IP. This includes video, geopositioning data, voice, Real-Time Text, and sensor data in line with emerging IoT architectures and approaches. A vital aspect in this scope is given by the performance of the underlying network, including its capability to establish calls in emergencies and to transfer the data required for serving the situation. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate the computational performance of the most recent VoIP emergency system implementation, which was developed by the H2020-EMYNOS project as a realisation of the EENA NG112 Long Term Definition (LTD) vision. We perform a series of trials and evaluate the performance of the EMYNOS system in a multi-party lab environment established during the project. We evaluate the time needed to perform basic emergency call operations over IP, whilst in parallel generating Internet type of background traffic. Correspondingly, we worked out a methodology and implemented it in our testbed, both of which are presented in the current paper. The obtained numerical results lead to the conclusion that SIP-based emergency services stand a good chance to replace legacy systems when it comes to their performance. Additionally, we also provide a perspective on how the blockchain technology could potentially be put to use to enhance the quality of the next-generation emergency services. We propose the utilisation of blockchain technology for tracking emergency calls and enabling efficient recognition of fraud calls, which is a critical aspect for PSAP providers concerning the potential denial of service attacks. In this context, we provide evaluations and numerical results based on a private Ethereum based blockchain playground running at the premises of Fraunhofer FOKUS.

Hyowoon Seo, Jihong Park, Mehdi Bennis, Wan Choi

This paper proposes Consensus-Before-Talk (CBT), a spectrum etiquette architecture leveraged by distributed ledger technology (DLT). In CBT, secondary users' spectrum access requests reach a consensus in a distributed way, thereby enabling collision-free distributed dynamic spectrum access. To achieve this consensus, the secondary users need to pay for the extra request exchanging delays. Incorporating the consensus delay, the end-to-end latency under CBT is investigated. Both the latency analysis and numerical evaluation validate that the proposed CBT achieves the lower end-to-end latency particularly under severe secondary user traffic, compared to the Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) benchmark scheme.