Scalability is a common issue among the most used permissionless blockchains, and several approaches have been proposed to solve this issue. Tackling scalability while preserving the security and decentralization of the network is a significant challenge. To deliver effective scaling solutions, Ethereum achieved a major protocol improvement, including a change in the consensus mechanism towards Proof of Stake. This improvement aimed a vast reduction of the hardware requirements to run a node, leading to significant sustainability benefits with a lower network energy consumption. This work analyzes the resource usage behavior of different clients running as Ethereum consensus nodes, comparing their performance under different configurations and analyzing their differences. Our results show higher requirements than claimed initially and how different clients react to network perturbations. Furthermore, we discuss the differences between the consensus clients, including their strong points and limitations.
Open access
3 source records
Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
In the rapidly evolving world of digital technology, few concepts have garnered as much attention and intrigue as non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Originating from the domain of art and collectibles, NFTs have transcended their initial use cases to impact various fields, from entertainment to real estate, and now, healthcare [ 1 ]. While fields like ophthalmology, dermatology, and plastic surgery have begun exploring the potential applications of NFTs, neurosurgery stands at the threshold of a new era, where digital ownership and blockchain can revolutionize patient care, data management, and surgical innovations [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].
Open access
Meningioma and schwannoma management
Vascular Malformations Diagnosis and Treatment
Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances