Blockchain Papers

Oliveira, Ana Patrícia, Costa, Liliana Vale, Azevedo, Salomé

Editorial

Adrianna Trzaskowska-Dmoch, Maria Kocot, Izabela Gontarek, Stanislaw Rodowicki · 6 authors

Purpose:The aim of the article is to present an agile management model using Spotify as an example and to develop an original management model for an agile organization.An attempt was made to identify key mechanisms that allow organizations to maintain flexibility and innovation in conditions of dynamic development.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was based on a case study method, analyzing the implementation of an agile management model at Spotify.Qualitative analysis was conducted, including internal documentation, interviews with employees, and observation of organizational processes and management culture.Findings: It was found that implementing a decentralized organizational structure based on autonomous project teams has a positive impact on operational efficiency, innovation and employee engagement.The developed model proves useful in medium and large organizations operating in a dynamic market environment.Practical Implications: The presented results can be a basis for companies implementing agile management models, especially in the context of building modular organizational structures and developing a culture of trust and responsibility.The proposed model facilitates scaling operations without losing operational agility.Originality/Value: The originality of the study lies in the presentation of an original management model in an agile organization, inspired by Spotify's practices, which can be adapted to the needs of various industries and sizes of companies.The article provides practical tips for leaders and managers implementing an agile approach to management.

Adrian Stelmach

This article explores the impacts of digital transformations and new technologies in industrial sector (particularly through the Fourth Industrial Revolution) on optimizing production processes. Characterized by key technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchains, and advanced robotics, Industry 4.0 has significantly shaped modern manufacturing management. IoT enables autonomous communications between machines and equipment, providing real-time insights into production parameters and enabling predictive maintenance, and big data plays a vital role by analyzing the large volumes of data that are generated by these devices, thus supporting informed management decisions. AI and machine learning help automate complex tasks, optimize production schedules, and improve product quality through real-time adjustments. Blockchain enables decentralized and secure data recording, which is particularly useful in supply-chain management. Advanced robotics increases production speed and accuracy, thus reducing labor costs and mitigating any risks that are associated with hazardous tasks. Integrating these technologies requires strategic planning, including identifying key challenges, conducting pilot projects, integrating with existing IT and OT systems, and managing organizational change. Measuring the effectiveness of Industry 4.0 implementation should involve well-defined key performance indicators (KPIs) and return-on-investment (ROI) analysis. The primary challenges that are associated with adopting Industry 4.0 include the alignment of technology with specific business needs, employee resistance to change, and hidden costs of implementation. In summary, industrial transformation offers opportunities for companies to optimize production processes, reduce costs, and increase competitiveness in the global marketplace. However, a careful approach is necessary to maximize efficiency, foster innovation, and secure long-term success in an increasingly digitalized world.

Sergei Ivanovich Rodzin, Viktoriia Viktorovna Bova

The metaverse is a collective common space for interaction created as a result of the convergence of physical reality and virtual space, including augmented reality and the Internet. The potential of the metaverse in the field of education is of growing interest, and many researchers are exploring ways to improve the effectiveness of student learning, while reducing time and labor costs to ensure the educational process. However, the systemic and technological aspects of providing education through the metaverse remain insufficiently developed. To fill this gap, the paper presents the concept and architecture of the metaverse, combining artificial intelligence technologies, Web3 and blockchain technology to create a learning environment. The existing approaches to the creation of intelligent systems and gamification of learning, as well as some projects for the creation of a metaverse, are analyzed. The purpose of the proposed approach to creating a metaverse is to design a virtual learning space that begins with reflecting the physical world, storing user learning trajectories, knowledge trees in the blockchain, and providing a secure and open community. The main stages of the metaverse development are presented, including cloning, expansion and integration of physical and virtual components, as well as blockchain technologies. It is noted that by now the necessary prerequisites have developed in Russia for the realization of the metaverse as one of the foundations of future education.

С. С. Гончаров, Andrey Nechesov

This paper explores the issues of building digital twins for smart cities, which can be controlled manually or with the assistance of intelligent systems. For these purposes, a specialized logic platform, Delta, is being built, which has such properties as transparency, reliability, and predictability. The Delta platform allows us to represent the digital twins of cities as a network of smart contracts that interact with each other within a unified multi-blockchain system. The inclusion of Delta-learning and Delta-connection modules facilitates knowledge acquisition and utilization for AI-driven process management and sensor integration within smart cities.

E. V. Melnik, Irina Safronenkova, A. Yu. Taranov

The paper considers the problems associated with the organization of the computing processin monitoring systems with mobile components based on a distributed ledger (DL), including thetask of redistributing the computing load. The requirements for the functioning of modern distributedmonitoring systems include the coordinated operation of nodes of the entire system belongingto various layers of the computing environment, including foggy and edge layers, which are highlydynamic. The joint use of DL technologies and mobile components as part of distributed monitoringsystems makes it possible to expand the range of tasks solved by such systems, including due tothe fact that it removes issues related to the synchronization of geographically distributed copiesof data. However, with such an organization of a distributed system, it is necessary to take into account the following features of the computing environment: latency associated with data synchronizationat DL nodes, changes in the geographical location of mobile components, limitedonboard energy resources and high dynamism of the fog and edge layers. Previous studies haveshown that in highly dynamic computing environments, the use of the search space reductionmethod based on ontological analysis is effective. For the correct operation of this method, it isnecessary to develop an ontological model reflecting the features of the considered computing andcommunication environment, including DL and mobile components. In this paper a new ontologicalmodel of the functioning of a distributed monitoring system has been developed, taking intoaccount the presence of mobile components and DL nodes. Production rules for placing computationalload in foggy and edge layers have been developed and a software model has been implementedbased on them, which allowed a number of computational experiments to be carried out.The results of experimental studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approachand the adequacy of the developed ontological model.

А.А. Сахипов, М.А. Ермаганбетова, Т.Ж. Байдильдинов

Актуальность заявленной тематики научного исследования обуславливается широким распространением технологии блокчейн в различных сферах жизни современного общества и значительными перспективами, открывающимися при практическом внедрении элементов данной технологии в современных высших учебных заведениях. Целью данной научно- исследовательской работы выступает определение основных методических рекомендаций по практическому применению технологии блокчейн в высших учебных заведениях, способных качественно изменить структуру использования данной технологии в современных высших учебных заведениях и позитивно повлиять на общее качество обучения в системе современных высших учебных заведений, с учётом преимуществ данной технологии. Основу методологии данной научно-исследовательской работы составило сочетание методов системного анализа преимуществ практического применения технологии блокчейн в современной системе высших учебных заведений, с аналитическим исследованием различных аспектов внедрения данной технологии в деятельность современных высших учебных заведениях, для реализации различных задач организации учебного процесса и научно-исследовательской работы. Результаты данной научно-исследовательской работы наглядно свидетельствуют о наличии существенных преимуществ применения технологии блокчейн в системе современных высших учебных заведений, а также представляют собой практические рекомендации по внедрению подобной технологии в систему высших учебных заведения Республики Казахстан с целью создания оптимальных условий для хранения информации. Результаты и выводы данного научного исследования имеют существенную практическую значимость для работников системы современного высшего образования, по роду деятельности сталкивающихся с необходимостью практического использования технологии блокчейн в своей профессиональной деятельности, а также для разработчиков данной технологии, адаптирующих новейшие разработки в данной области под нужды системы высшего образования. Ключевые слова: обработка информации, хранения данных, высшее образование, технология распределённого реестра, аккаунт. Ғылыми зерттеу тақырыбының өзектілігі қазіргі қоғам өмірінің әртүрлі салаларында блокчейн технологиясының кең таралуына және қазіргі заманғы жоғары оқу орындарында осы технология элементтерін практикалық енгізу кезінде ашылатын маңызды перспективаларға байланысты. Бұл ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты қазіргі заманғы жоғары оқу орындарында осы технологияны қолдану құрылымын сапалы өзгерте алатын және осы технологияның артықшылықтарын ескере отырып, қазіргі заманғы жоғары оқу орындары жүйесіндегі оқытудың жалпы сапасына оң әсер ететін жоғары оқу орындарында блокчейн технологиясын практикалық қолдану бойынша негізгі әдістемелік ұсыныстарды анықтау болып табылады. Осы ғылыми- зерттеу жұмысы әдіснамасының негізін қазіргі заманғы жоғары оқу орындарының жүйесінде блокчейн технологиясын практикалық қолданудың артықшылықтарын жүйелі талдау әдістерінің осы технологияны қазіргі заманғы жоғары оқу орындарының қызметіне енгізудің әртүрлі аспектілерін Талдамалық зерттеумен, оқу процесі мен ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысын ұйымдастырудың әртүрлі міндеттерін іске асыру үшін үйлестіру құрады. Осы ғылыми-зерттеу жұмысының нәтижелері қазіргі заманғы жоғары оқу орындары жүйесінде блокчейн технологиясын қолданудың елеулі артықшылықтары бар екенін айқын көрсетеді, сондай-ақ ақпаратты сақтау үшін оңтайлы жағдай жасау мақсатында Қазақстан Республикасының жоғары оқу орындары жүйесіне осындай технологияны енгізу жөніндегі практикалық ұсынымдар болып табылады. Осы ғылыми зерттеудің нәтижелері мен тұжырымдары қазіргі заманғы жоғары білім беру жүйесінің қызметкерлері үшін, өз қызметінде Blockchain технологиясын практикалық қолдану қажеттілігіне тап болған, сондай-ақ осы саладағы соңғы әзірлемелерді жоғары білім беру жүйесінің қажеттіліктеріне бейімдейтін осы технологияны жасаушылар үшін маңызды практикалық мәнге ие. Түйін сөздер: ақпаратты өңдеу, деректерді сақтау, жоғары білім, үлестірілген тізілім технологиясы, аккаунт The relevance of the stated topic of scientific research is due to the widespread use of blockchain technology in various spheres of modern society and the significant prospects that open up with the practical implementation of elements of this technology in modern higher educational institutions. The purpose of this research work is to determine the main guidelines for the practical application of blockchain technology in higher educational institutions that can qualitatively change the structure of using this technology in modern higher educational institutions and positively affect the overall quality of education in the system of modern higher educational institutions, taking into account the advantages this technology. The basis of the methodology of this research work was a combination of methods of system analysis of the advantages of the practical application of blockchain technology in the modern system of higher education institutions, with an analytical study of various aspects of the implementation of this technology in the activities of modern higher education work. The results of this research work clearly indicate the existence of significant advantages of using blockchain technology in the system of modern higher educational institutions, and also represent practical recommendations for introducing such technology into the system of higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to create optimal conditions for storing information. The results and conclusions of this scientific study are of significant practical importance for workers of the modern higher education system, by the nature of their activities, who are faced with the need for the practical use of blockchain technology in their professional activities, as well as for developers of this technology, adapting the latest developments in this area to the needs of the higher education system. Keywords: information processing, data storage, higher education, distributed ledger technology, account.

Anton Dziatkovskii

The article is devoted to technologies of digitalization of educationzero-knowledge proof, blockchain and artificial intelligence.It analyzes the features of these technologies and lists possible uses in terms of the public good.

Kuvonchbek Rakhimberdiev, Akram Ishnazarov, Oydinoy Khayitova, Otabek K Abdullayev · 5 authors

Currently, artificial intelligence technologies are rapidly entering many areas of our society. It should be said that currently several reforms are being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the development of artificial intelligence technologies. In particular, the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to create conditions for the rapid introduction of artificial intelligence technologies" dated February 17, 2021, No. PQ-4996 defines the main tasks in this regard. One of the most pressing issues studied by modern researchers is the issues related to the topic of digitalization of the educational process. In this article, the stages of development of artificial intelligence, and its application in the field of modern education are presented. The potential of artificial intelligence in education is also considered. At the same time, the processes of intellectual education are modeled mathematically. Algorithms of intellectual educational processes are proposed using CCN, and SHAP algorithms for organizing intellectual educational processes.Also, issues of ensuring the immutability and confidentiality of student evaluation results on distance education platforms, a strategy for ensuring the security of student test and control data using blockchain technology are presented.

A. Dulaimi, R. Hamida, M. Naser, M. Mawed

Abstract. The scarcity of energy is one of humanity's most pressing issues in the twenty-first century. These problems can be found in various areas, including energy supply, exchange, and consumption. Population growth, rising global energy demand, natural resource shortages, and environmental concerns contribute to energy scarcity. Furthermore, energy shortage needs the expansion of renewable energies and energy efficiency, a major concern for all governments and organisations. Building energy efficiency is a crucial concept to consider when it comes to smart cities. Buildings are the greatest energy consumers, accounting for 40% of total energy consumption. Recent advances in machine learning within a big data context have paved the way for more efficient building energy management. Building energy consumption may be successfully managed by a real-time measurement procedure, allowing the economy to shift from a linear to a circular consumption model. This will tackle the issue of late notice of failed energy-saving initiatives and allow for immediate correction to restore the energy management system to ultimate performance.The energy hub might be as small as a single home energy system or as large as an energy system for the city. This paper will present a case study on developing a smart energy hub called Hubgrade 4.0 that relies on connected products using digital twin as a significant enabler for energy-saving initiatives. Hubgrade 4.0 provides an innovative approach to successfully implementing energy efficiency improvement using artificial intelligence and real-time data. Hubgrade 4.0 is the name of Enova by Veolia smart energy hub; Enova is the regional leader in integrated energy and multi-technical services, delivering performance-based energy and facilities management solutions. The energy hub digital twin is a link between a physical platform that administers the energy hub's IoT and a virtual platform that can derive services that are valid for the energy hub. Successful enterprises are using several new technologies to achieve the goals of Industry 4.0: efficiency, speed, agility, and customer-centricity. This paper concluded and highlighted lessons learned from the successful implementation of innovative energy management, which relied on a dedicated organisation, effective adoption of digital technologies, and embracing new business models, resulting in power savings of 254 million kW and water savings of around 3 million cubic meters, as well as financial savings of about 138 million AED in 5 years since Hubgrade 4.0 started operations its first energy-saving contract in 2017.

Oleksandr Shmatko, Yaroslav Kliuchka

Electronic health information exchange allows providers to healthcare providers and patients to securely access vital medical information of the patient and share it in electronically with other healthcare providers. The paper considers the electronic health system eHealth. The patient's medical records will be stored in a distributed ledger, and not on the server of the medical institution. So no one can change patient data or deny him access to his own data. The use of DAG is considered on the example of the transfer of medical patient data to the doctor. The process of creating and sending medical data to DAG is illustrated with a specific example.

Chaka Chaka

Much has been written about the fourth industrial revolution’s (4IR) contributions to and its impact on higher education (HE). In addition, review studies have been conducted on the contributions of 4IR technologies to and on their impact on HE. Most of these studies have reviewed single 4IR technologies in isolation as attested to by the review studies cited in the current study. Against this backdrop, the current study reviewed, discussed, and synthesized the applications, prospects, and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and blockchain at given higher education institutions (HEIs) between 2013 and 2019 as reported by 26 selected journal articles. Employing a slightly modified version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for searching and screening, three of the findings of this study are worth mentioning. Firstly, the dominant AI technologies for learning are chatbots, and AI holds the prospect of personalized, scalable, and affordable learning. Secondly, the applications of robotics are exploratory in nature, and have a meta-teaching and a meta-learning orientation. Thirdly, some of the applications of blockchain relate to digital grading, digital credentialing and digital certification, and to real-time contracting and time stamping of learning. The implications of this review are that the three sets of technologies reviewed, have a lot applications for HE, barring the challenges that have been outlined.

В. В. Вихман

Introduction. This article aims to comprehend the possibilities of application of the technological trends in education initiated by Industry 4.0. The technological trends announced for application in education are understood as digital technologies included in the list of strategic programs for national development (in the context of Industry 4.0): the big data technologies, virtual and augmented reality, robotics and sensorics components, artificial intelligence, new production technologies, industrial internet and wireless communication technologies, quantum technologies and distributed ledger systems. Problem Statement. The article is aimed to identify the specifics and potential of digital technologies of the Industry 4.0 era, both separately and in their integration, which are provided to education in the context of its digital transformation and acquisition of its new quality as Education 4.0. Methodology. The methodology of the study is based on the author’s approach to the formation of the source base for the subsequent tasks of its analysis and synthesis. The work analyzes more than 50 foreign studies published in international citation databases over the past decade, i.e. since the moment when Industry 4.0 began to emerge. Research results. The conducted multilateral analysis of frontier foreign sources showed that not all digital technologies are equally applicable in education, but have a character ranging from “actively applied” to “potentially applicable” in this area. Significant applied potential of the digital technologies is fixed in the technologies of big data, virtual and augmented reality, robotics and sensorics, as well as artificial intelligence in the context of creating data warehouses, introducing new models of learning and educational agents, implementation of customized educational solutions. Conclusions. The vector and nature of the digital transformation of the branches of industries, including education, are set by digital technologies, which the national programs (in the context of Industry 4.0) have placed at the heart of this process. The ongoing digital metamorphosis of education, based on the active implementation and effective use of the digital technologies, allows the latter to acquire new forms and quality on the way to Education 4.0.

Diptiben Ghelani, Tan Kian Hua

In web-based education and learning, the constant growth of the Internet has thrown up inconceivable opportunities and problems. Web 3.0, the most recent version of the web, is believed to be a technologically sophisticated medium that allows users to Read/Write/Execute and also allows robots to perform some of the thinking formerly reserved for human beings. Online marketing with web 3.0 is also known as intuitive Web, which is a Semantic Web that allows web services to communicate with one another. Individualized and behavioral Web 3.0 will be the norm. Web 3.0 has generated new tools and technology for aiding web-based education and learning in a short amount of time. To begin, this article addresses certain Web 3.0 concepts, development, and features. We explored the influence of web 3.0 on marketing in this study, as well as the many aspects that contribute to marketing uplift. Web 3.0 is a word used to describe the interaction that occurs as a result of the evolution of Web use and the transformation of the Web into a database. Smart web with intelligence analysis, personalisation, interoperable web, virtualization (virtual 3D environments), and multimedia are some of the most significant elements of these technologies. The broad adoption of Web 3.0 technologies in educational settings has resulted in the creation of e-learning 3.0. Web 3.0 is defined by facilitating cooperation and is powered by co-creation tools.

Jasmin Cowin

The convergence of data, computation, and globalization in education has far-reaching consequences for educational stakeholders, institutions, and learners. Terms such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence (AI), exponential technology, deep learning, personalized competency-based learning, and distributed ledger technology networks (DLTNs) are indicators of the changing dialogue between education stakeholders, businesses, and government aspirations on a global scale. Location-independent virtual environments promise an exponential expansion that goes beyond brick-and-mortar schools, colleges, and universities. AI and intelligent systems are poised to become global change agents in education, ushering in profound changes in administrative functions, strategic planning, data aggregation, student acquisition and retention, and alternative currencies, as well as curriculum design, assessment, personal learning networks, and global competitiveness generally of both institutions and their graduates. The quality of the education a nation's schools, educational institutions, and teachers provide, along with investments in science, technology engineering, and mathematics education, directly impact economic prosperity and global competitiveness. This paper explores some of the interdependencies that arise from supercharged technological advances such as AI augmented reality digital technologies (ARDTs) and DLTNs and their possible impact on education, educators, learners, and society. In addition, it unbundles the meaning and use cases of AI, ARDTs, and DLTNs in education.

Temitope Omotayo, Bankole Awuzie, Saheed Ajayi, Alireza Moghayedi · 5 authors

The contribution of smart campuses to smart cities’ development and vice versa has been elucidated in extant literature. The micro-transfer of smart technologies and probable procurement and contracting models remain critical for such contributions to take place. This study used a systems thinking approach to establish the interrelationships existing between smart campus technologies which can be scaled towards the development of smart cities and assess the critical failure factors negating the micro-transfer of these technologies to smart city development initiatives in developing countries. To achieve its objective, the study adopted a phenomenological research design wherein qualitative data was elicited from a purposively selected sample of seven interviewees in South African Universities. The next phase of the analysis involved a thematic approach for the production of a causal loop diagram (CLD) reflecting the interrelationships between the abovementioned facets and the associated impact on the transference of knowledge and technologies from smart campuses to smart cities. This CLD was subsequently validated by a cohort of five experts. Findings from the validation phase were incorporated in an improved CLD which provided different archetypes for engendering successful transference. This study holds salient implications for universities, cities and other stakeholders seeking to engage in a quadruple helix innovative arrangement for smart campus/city development. This study concluded that smart campuses could act as living labs for future smartness of cities globally. Government funding and willingness to produce smart cities from campuses is a fundamental feature of creating smart infrastructure in cities.

Lik‐Hang Lee, Tristan Braud, Pengyuan Zhou, Lin Wang · 9 authors

Since the popularisation of the Internet in the 1990s, the cyberspace has kept evolving. We have created various computer-mediated virtual environments, including social networks, video conferencing, virtual 3D worlds (e.g., VR Chat), augmented reality applications (e.g., Pokémon Go), and Non-Fungible Token Games (e.g., Upland). Such virtual environments, albeit non-perpetual and unconnected, have brought us various degrees of digital transformation. The term “metaverse” has been coined to facilitate further digital transformation in every aspect of our physical lives. At the core of the metaverse stands the vision of an immersive Internet as a gigantic, unified, persistent, and shared realm. While the metaverse may seem futuristic, catalyzed by emerging technologies such as Extended Reality, 5G, and Artificial Intelligence, the digital “big bang” of our cyberspace is not far away. This survey presents the first effort to offer a comprehensive framework that examines the latest metaverse development under the dimensions of state-of-the-art technologies and metaverse ecosystems and illustrates the possibility of the digital “big bang”. It is essential to highlight that the metaverse encompasses diverse technologies and ecosystems, calling it an interdisciplinary and emerging field. Its primary objective is to provide users with satisfactory and interactive experiences. First, technologies are the enablers that drive the transition from the current Internet to the metaverse. We thus examine eight enabling technologies rigorously – Extended Reality, User Interactivity (Human-Computer Interaction), Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computer Vision, IoT and Robotics, Edge and Cloud computing, and Future Mobile Networks. In terms of applications, the metaverse ecosystem allows human users to live and play within a self-sustaining, persistent, and shared realm. Therefore, we discuss six user-centric factors – Avatar, Content Creation, Virtual Economy, Social Acceptability, Security and Privacy, and Trust and Accountability. Finally, we propose a concrete research agenda for developing the metaverse.

Michael Milovich, Jennifer Nicholson, Darren B. Nicholson

Within the ever-changing technology and business landscape, it is imperative that students develop skills in identifying and leveraging emerging technologies to create business value in innovative and novel ways. Drawing on the Net-enabled Business Innovation Cycle framework, applied learning techniques, and current events, we developed an assignment to explore one such emerging technology – blockchain – to enhance students’ ability to apply what they have learned to solve business problems. Our findings showed that students overwhelmingly found the activity and experience beneficial in three important ways: (1) understanding an emerging technology, (2) applying the technology to contemporary business issues, and (3) leveraging what they learned to create plausible solutions to business challenges and opportunities.

Dina Zimina, Dmitry Mouromtsev

Subject of Research. The paper considers the process of generating reports in electronic learning systems. The aim is to optimize learning process management in generating reports using blockchain technologies. The paper analyzes existing learning management systems and their tools for generating and analyzing reports. Blockchain technology is reviewed in terms of educational opportunities. Method. The process of generating reports in the learning management system is presented as a mathematical model. It has been proven that the use of blockchain technology simplifies this process, since blockchain tools automatically register network events. A model for generating reports in the learning system using blockchain transactions has been developed. The model is implemented in a test version of the Ethereum blockchain using the smart contract mechanism. A smart contract records heterogeneous data of learning events to the blockchain without using special data structures. The blockchain stores data in a unified registry and registers event timestamp and event author’s address by itself. Event data is available through the geth console oriented for the Ethereum blockchain. Main Results. A method of learning process documenting using blockchain technology has been developed. The method does not require any special data model for storing learning events data, as well as special mechanism for recording event timestamp and event author’s address. Practical Relevance. Research results show that blockchain application provides for optimization of the learning process management.

Thabo J. Gopane

The objective of this paper is to conduct a conceptual assessment of blockchain technology applications to universities. The paper will first address two related questions namely, the concept of smart university, and the architecture of blockchain technology. This paper contributes towards the topical debate of whether the claimed blockchain technological transformation is a hype, reality, revolution, or just an ordinary computing upgrade. It follows that if blockchain is a significant technological advancement then it can only be ignored at own’s peril. This research should benefit innovation policy decisions in the academia for out-of-the box thinking regarding internal control systems and product offering for smart universities.

Bulat Kubekov, Л. А. Бобров, Анар Утегенова, Vitaly Naumenko · 5 authors

The article presents the results of research related to the use of ontological and design competence approaches for the development of knowledge components and their subsequent use for designing individual trajectories of engineering education. The methodology of engineering education is considered, which, together with the initiative CDIO, the project-competence model and the knowledge display in the form of ontology, can be used as the main tool for modelling the propositional presentation of thought. Within the framework of the ontological approach, a knowledge specification language has been developed, which allows modelling the ontologies of supporting concepts of the semantic context of educational resources and specifying them in the form of knowledge expressions. The introduced formalisms and rules of the language of knowledge specification give the expressions of knowledge the properties of adaptability, extensibility, easement of processing and maintenance, which is important in designing engineering education level programs. This technique was tested on the material of the famous monograph by Hassan Goma “UML. Designing real-time systems, parallel and distributed applications" for the project "Banking system of client-server type" and is used on classes. Expressions of knowledge, together with their interfaces, are knowledge components from which individual learning trajectories are constructed.

Nikolay Teslya, Alexander Smirnov

The creation and functioning of intelligent robots coalition is impossible without the organization of an information interaction environment between them. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the concept of cyberphysical framework, which involves the unification of physical and cyber (virtual) environments. Intelligent robots can interact with each of the environments. The paper proposes methodology of the cyber physical smart space creation for the intelligent robots’ coalition formation and functioning, based on the concept of the “blackboard” with the support of smart contracts over the blockchain technology. It provides a new approach to the distribution of sensory, computational, information-control and service tasks between intelligent robots, embedded devices, fixed service equipment, cloud computing and information resources.