Mazkur ilmiy tezisda blokcheyn texnologiyasining xavfsizlik jihatlari, ayniqsa markazlashmagan tarmoqlarda yuzaga keladigan asosiy tahdidlar va ularni bartaraf etish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida 51% hujumi, Sybil hujumi, Double Spending, smart-kontrakt zaifliklari, kriptografik kalitlar bilan bog'liq muammolar hamda DDoS hujumlarining blokcheyn infratuzilmasiga ta'siri o'rganildi. Shuningdek, Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake, Multi-signature, shifrlash algoritmlari va audit mexanizmlarining xavfsizlikni ta'minlashdagi roli ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari blokcheyn texnologiyasining yuqori darajadagi himoya imkoniyatlariga ega ekanligini ko'rsatsa-da, inson omili va dasturiy zaifliklar sababli xavfsizlikka tahdidlar saqlanib qolayotganini ko'rsatadi.
Open access
2 source records
Economic and Industrial Development
Advanced Computational Techniques in Science and Engineering
The development of small business at the regional level is one of the key factors ensuring sustainable economic growth, employment expansion, and reduction of territorial disparities. In emerging economies, particularly in Uzbekistan, small business entities play a significant role in generating income, stimulating entrepreneurial activity, and strengthening regional economic resilience. However, despite large-scale reforms aimed at supporting entrepreneurship, substantial differences remain among regions in terms of access to finance, infrastructure quality, market opportunities, and institutional efficiency.This article examines the economic mechanisms of small business development in the regions of Uzbekistan through a comparative analysis of international practices, including the experiences of the United States, Germany, and South Korea. The study applies comparative, statistical, institutional, and analytical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of financial-credit instruments, tax incentives, innovation infrastructure, and decentralized governance models.The findings demonstrate that successful regional small business development depends on the coordinated interaction of three major factors: effective financial mechanisms, adaptive institutional systems, and developed entrepreneurial infrastructure. The study identifies the main constraints in Uzbekistan, including centralized management, weak regional financial institutions, and uneven territorial development.Based on the results, several policy recommendations are proposed, including decentralization of support mechanisms, expansion of regional financing instruments, development of business incubators and technology parks, and implementation of differentiated regional entrepreneurship strategies. The practical significance of the study lies in developing proposals aimed at improving the competitiveness and sustainability of small business entities in the regions of Uzbekistan.
Ushbu maqolada blokcheyn texnologiyasining kelib chiqisht ishlash mexanizmi, kriptografik asoslari va real sektor uchun taqdim etayotgan ustunliklari yoritilgan shuningdek, blokcheynning tranzaksiyalarni tasdiqlash jarayoni, minerlarning vazifalari hamda xesh funksiyalari orqali ta'minlanadigan xavfsizlik mexanizmlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Maqolada pul o'tkazmalari misolida blokcheynning an'anaviy tizimlardan ustun jihatlari tahlil qilinadi va turli sohalarda qo'llanilishiga doir amalty misollar keltiriladi
Актуальность исследования обусловлена стремительным развитием криптовалютного рынка и растущим интересом инвесторов к альтернативным способам получения дохода. Одним из таких инструментов становится стейкинг криптовалют, позволяющий получать вознаграждение за участие в поддержании блокчейн-сетей. Проблематика развития данного инструмента заключается в недостаточной осведомленности инвесторов о механизмах стейкинга, его разновидностях, рисках и потенциальной доходности, особенно на фоне высокой волатильности крипторынка. Цель статьи – проанализировать стейкинг как форму альтернативного инвестирования, определить его преимущества и уязвимости, а также оценить перспективность для различных категорий инвесторов. В рамках исследования авторами применены методы сравнительного анализа, теоретического обзора источников, а также произведена оценка рисков и доходности на примерах конкретных криптовалют и платформ. В статье рассматриваются основные виды стейкинга: фиксированный, гибкий, ликвидный и делегированный. Приведены примеры популярных криптовалют, таких как Tezos, Cardano, Algorand, Polkadot и Ethereum, использующих алгоритм консенсуса Proof-of-Stake (PoS - доказательство доли владения), и сопоставлены их потенциальные доходности. Результаты исследования показывают, что при грамотном подходе стейкинг может быть эффективным инструментом создания пассивного дохода. Выявлены ключевые риски: волатильность, ограниченная ликвидность, угроза потери активов и технические сложности. Научным результатом являются предложенные стратегии минимизации рисков, включающие диверсификацию, выбор ликвидных активов и использование проверенных платформ. Таким образом, стейкинг представляет собой перспективный и гибкий инвестиционный механизм в рамках цифровой экономики. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of the cryptocurrency market and the growing interest of investors in alternative ways of generating income. One of these tools is cryptocurrency staking, which allows you to receive rewards for participating in the maintenance of blockchain networks. The problem with the development of this tool lies in the lack of investor awareness about staking mechanisms, its varieties, risks and potential returns, especially against the background of high volatility of the crypto market. The purpose of the article is to analyze staking as a form of alternative investment, identify its advantages and vulnerabilities, and assess its prospects for various categories of investors. As part of the study, the authors applied methods of comparative analysis, a theoretical review of sources, and an assessment of risks and profitability based on examples of specific cryptocurrencies and platforms. The article discusses the main types of staking: fixed, flexible, liquid and delegated. Examples of popular cryptocurrencies such as Tezos, Cardano, Algorand, Polkadot, and Ethereum using the Proof-of-Stake (PoS proof of ownership) consensus algorithm are given, and their potential returns are compared. The results of the study show that, with the right approach, staking can be an effective tool for creating passive income. Key risks have been identified: volatility, limited liquidity, the threat of asset loss and technical difficulties. The scientific result is the proposed risk minimization strategies, including diversification, the choice of liquid assets and the use of proven platforms. Thus, staking is a promising and flexible investment mechanism within the digital economy.
This paper explores the transformation of traditional financial institutions under the impact of the development of decentralized finance (DeFi). It highlights how blockchain technology and DeFi are changing the way financial transactions are conducted, enabling transactions without traditional intermediaries such as banks. Key benefits, such as reduced transaction costs and increased accessibility to financial services, are discussed, while risks, including cryptocurrency volatility and smart contract vulnerabilities, are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the need for comprehensive legislation to protect market participants and maintain economic stability in the context of rapid development of decentralized finance.
This article describes the role and importance of the investment climate in the economic development of the country, the content of the Investment Program for 2021-2023, sources of centralized financing of investments in fixed assets in the Republic of Uzbekistan, decentralized sources of financing. issues such as reforms in attraction, investments made by international financial institutions were considered and recommendations were made.
The article highlights the problems of improving technical and legal regulation in the field of placement, construction and operation of decentralized drainage systems on land plots provided for individual housing construction. The authors point out the need to improve regulation in the field of organization and use of autonomous wastewater disposal systems within the framework of two main directions – organizational and technical and legal. As part of the organizational direction of problem solving, the authors point out the need to ensure the coordinated development of settlements by ensuring the design and construction of new central sewer networks and reconstruction of existing ones. Improvement in the technical and legal sphere is aimed at optimizing technical and legal norms, in terms of amendments to the current legislation and modernization of technical and legal norms - standards (sets of rules).
Open access
Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations
Banking & financial sector in India is reshaping rigourously as the technological disruptions are spreading<br> through Fintech, RegTech, SupTech, Robo-advice & so on. Adoption of Machine learning, Artificial<br> Intelligence, Distributed Ledger Technologies are bringing paradigm shift in banking sector. RegTech is a<br> technology to be used for regulatory functions by financial authority say RBI whereas SupTech represents<br> technology for supporting regulatory supervision functions. Robo-advice is machine-based programme that<br> helps corporates to predict risk of project in advance & design pro-active & protective measures
The housing problem in the Russian Federation is one of the strategic and priority directions of social and economic policy of the state. According to the housing commissioning figures for the last three years, it can be concluded that the housing problem in the Russian Federation can be solved by building low-rise houses using large-panel housing construction technology. In the current phase of development, low-rise large-panel housing construction cannot function in the mode of self-sustained autonomous existence. The segment in question is not primarily experiencing a shortage of funds, but a lack of strategic and managerial component, which is expressed in the absence of a mechanism of interaction between the participants of the investment and construction process. To reduce management decision-making uncertainty in the implementation of large-scale low-rise construction projects, the article proposes a model of a large-scale low-rise construction consortium, which acts as an integrated organizational and production structure that seeks to find a balance between centralization and decentralization of management. The consortium model unites construction enterprises, manufacturers of building materials, suppliers of material, labor, scientific and investment resources organized into the main technological chain of value-added to ensure technological development of large-scale low-rise construction. The analysis of the developed consortium model allowed us to determine the effectiveness of the proposed measures, which lies in the possibility of significantly reducing the cost of construction and installation work and, consequently, increasing the competitiveness and profitability of the final product, both for consumers and for the consortium members.
Блокчейн тақсимланган реестр технологияси (distributed ledger technology) номи билан ҳам кенг тарқалган бўлиб, ўзида турли транзакциялар ва операцияларни блоклар занжирида тарқатилган тартибда сақлайди ҳамда ушбу амалиётларни амалга оширишда учинчи тараф талаб этилмайди. Ҳозирги кунга қадар ушбу технология ўзгармас эканлиги (хавфсизлик нуқтаи назаридан), яхлитлиги ҳамда ишончлилик ҳолатларини аллақачон исботлаб улгурган. Ушбу мақолада мавжуд технологиянинг ақлли тизимлар хавфсизлиги ва ишончлилигини таъминлашда фойдаланиш ҳолатлари ўрганиб чиқилган.
Open access
Education, Innovation and Language Studies
Advanced Computational Techniques in Science and Engineering
Мaryna Chyzhevska, Olga TYMOFEIEVA, Hanna Sydorenko-Melnyk
The aim of the article is to substantiate the integral approach to residential property building state policy implementation in the context of the power decentralization. The objectives in the article are achieved using the following research general and special methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, dialectical approach, causation. The integrated approach to implement the state policy on residential property building at the expense of the population has been further developed. This approach is based on decentralization of the state regulation of residential property building industry. Structural and logical scheme of the existing system of residential property building industry state regulation at the expense of population was formed. This will allow the solution of the problems in the process of residential property building on spots in a fairly short time due to the efficient distribution of functions among the various branches of state power and their assigned responsibility. The stages of renewal of financing the process of residential property building under the principle of decentralization are presented in the work. The article substantiates that the application of an integral approach to implement the state policy of residential property building, based on the principle of power decentralization. It will allow the increase in the level of public confidence in the residential property building industry. Given the experience of solving the housing problem in different countries, we suggest to build the state housing policy in Ukraine, taking into account the specific opportunities available and financial instruments already existing.
Jan 1, 2020·Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth” (MTDE 2020)
Larisa Yuzvovich, Oksana A. Boytush, L.M. Pustovalova
The Russian economy is gradually evolving towards the Western model of financing of growth. The availability of sources of financing of investments is currently one of the main problems in investment activity. In many countries of the world, the number of sources of financing exceeds the number of sources of financing in Russia. With the transition of Russia to market relations, there is a heavy deficit of sources of financing. The system of financing of investments consists of an organic unity of sources of financing of investment activity and investment methods. Financing of investment projects can be carried out from either one or several sources. In general, all sources of financing are divided into: centralized (budgetary) and decentralized (extra-budgetary). Centralized sources usually include federal funds, funds from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets. All the rest are decentralized. Extrabudgetary funds include own funds of enterprises and organizations, borrowed, external funds, funds of extrabudgetary funds, private developers, foreign investments.
The problems of formation of revenues of local budgets are investigated in the article. It has been established that significant centralization has affected the reduction of financial independence of local selfgovernment bodies. Changes in the management of local budgets caused by the introduction of a decentralized model encourage local self-government bodies to attract additional financial resources and form a certain economic potential. The feasibility of introducing a public-private partnership through the application ofdifferent methods and tools based on the form of interaction of project participants is substantiated. Suchcooperation requires the organization of complex, mixed private-public structures that can provide largescale infrastructure projects with resources. The advantages of project financing of economic development ofterritories in the framework of public-private partnership (PPP) are revealed.In order to ensure the financial attractiveness of projects implemented on the basis of public privatepartnership and aimed at ensuring the sustainable economic development of regions, it is recommended touse organizational models such as DBFO (Design, Build, Finance, Operate) and DBO (Design, Build, Operate).
At the end of the second decade of the 21 st century, the blockchain technology and the Internet of Things entered the focus of interest of all Internet users and numerous companies. Since blockchain technology has been proven in the production and trade of crypto-currencies, many potential users have noted that this technology has a potential to be applicable in many areas, practically as an operating system where the Bitcoin was only one application. This paper analyzes a possibility of using blockchain technology and the Industrial Internet of Things to improve supply chains. Particularly they are discussed the impacts of these two technologies on changes in supply chains and the effects that can be achieved by their application, as well as some examples of their use and potential use. It is also analyzed the investment situation concerning applications of the blockchain and the Industrial Internet of Thing in the supply chains. In conclusions, the authors point to the rapid development of blockchain technology and the Internet of Things, but also that their massive application can only be expected in a few years.
Aleksandr Lanko, Nikolai Vatin, Artūras Kaklauskas
Nowadays, almost none of the fields of human activity can do without supply chain management. In addition, implementation of one in construction companies contributes to major economic benefits. The article considers the application feasibility of blockchain in logistics of construction materials through the usage of RFID technology. An example of introduction to the process of manufacturing and delivery of ready-mixed concrete is given. The main advantages, shortcomings, perspectives, as well as difficulties arising in the implementation of blockchain technology in the construction industry are described. Special attention is paid to the applicability of these technologies.
<p>Intrapreneurship is considered to be the most suitable mechanism for the efficient management to provide innovation activity and high competitiveness of large companies. This article researches the mechanism of decentralization of large state-owned companies in economically-developed countries as well it provides scientific foundations of the necessity of transition to the intrapreneurship mechanism which includes principles of internal entrepreneurship. In addition, it studies economic results of financing process implemented while operating innovation projects on the example of large companies of Uzbekistan. We have analyzed NPV, IRR, PbP, sensitivity to main risks, difference between scenarios both with project realization and without project realization in oil and gas, energy and mining industries. Moreover, recommendations aimed at successful implementation of intrapreneurship in practice have been developed and possible ways to finance established intercompany entrepreneurship units have been proposed.</p>