Spanish Abstract: El presente es un trabajo de investigación contentivo de una propuesta de proyecto para la creación de un Sistema de Identificación descentralizado, autónomo e independiente del gobierno del Estado venezolano que culmina con un prototipo que permita expedir al venezolano un pasaporte válido para viajar, dentro o fuera de Venezuela, dependiendo de la situación polÃtica en la que se encuentre el paÃs y la penetración de internet. La propuesta surge debido a la falta grave del gobierno venezolano de abstenerse de expedir la renovación o prórroga de los pasaportes nacionales de venezolanos que viven dentro y fuera de Venezuela. Para materializar la propuesta se hace necesario el concurso de las oficinas regionales de las agencias especializadas de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, tales como la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones y el Alto Comisariado para las Naciones Unidas o la Cruz Roja. Estas podrÃan fungir como tercero de confianza. English Abstract: The following is a study on the legal and technical feasibility of creating temporary and permanent solutions to put an end to the serious problem that Venezuelans are going through, due to the fact that the competent authority responsible for the issuance of the national passports and identity cards has stopped performing its work. This violation of constitutional guarantees and, in general, of the fundamental human rights to identity and freedom of movement must cease. We therefore present four temporary solutions and one permanent solution for obtaining a Venezuelan national passport. To materialize this proposal, it is necessary to have the cooperation of the regional offices an main headquarters of the United Nations’ specialized agencies, such as the International Organization for Migration and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as well as, the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights. One of these organizations could act as a trusted third party in the process of issuing the travel document for Venezuelan citizens inside and outside Venezuela.
[ES] En este TFG se va a exponer un sistema de notarización de documentos digitales aprovechando las cualidades de transparencia e inmutabilidad de Ethereum para almacenar los registros. \n \nSe van a presentar dos posibles arquitecturas para este sistema, siendo la gestión de las cuentas Ethereum la principal diferencia. \n \nEn el primer diseño, el usuario debe tener una cuenta de Ethereum con fondos para interactuar con el sistema. Los dos componentes fundamentales son: la interfaz web y el Smart Contract en Ethereum. El usuario se conecta al sistema en la página web, usando un Wallet especÃfico de navegador (MetaMask). Desde la web podrá guardar, recuperar o validar cualquier registro en Ethereum. \n \nEn el segundo diseño, no será necesario que el cliente tenga su propia cuenta de Ethereum. En su lugar, habrá un servidor que identificará a los usuarios e interactuará con Ethereum en su nombre. \n \nPor último, se hablará de un sistema de gestión de identidades, basado en el estándar de W3C, el cual dará una capa extra de seguridad a nuestro sistema de notarización.
The main objective of this investigation was to analyze the legal nature of the Decentralized Federal State as a political-territorial organization in Venezuela. The federal State is formed under the principles of federalism, that is, of political decentralization. Its territory is divided into autonomous units that, on certain matters, are governed by their own Constitution, laws and authorities, while others are subject to the central legal order of the State and the government of the federation. It corresponds to the federal Constitution to distribute the competences between the central and decentralized bodies. The methodology was based on a non-experimental design, in the documentary research modality. The techniques of documentary observation, analytical summary and critical examination, bibliographies of national and foreign authors were used; the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1999) and the Organic Law of People's Power (2010). The techniques of data collection will be the bibliographic archival and the documentary observation, whose instrument will be the documentary record.
The public administration of the environment in Colombia is characterized by decentralized\n. Based on this form of organization , renewable natural resources are\norganized under criteria ecosystem unit subject to the territorial jurisdiction of the\nregional autonomous corporations CAR. The CAR is part of what in Colombia\nis called the National Environmental System, SINA, and although they are not\nsubject to administrative hierarchies by the Ministry of environment, discusses the\ntrue scope of its administrative autonomy. The discussion about the autonomy of\nthe CAR has created tensions between the central level and the decentralized level\nto the point of being necessary the intervention of the constitutional court to set\nlimits to the possibility for the Ministry to intervene in the proceedings of the CAR,\nand to define those competencies that the CAR can act autonomously.