Cryptocurrency investment is currently expanding quickly on a global scale as well as in Indonesia. On the one hand, cryptocurrency can be used as a medium of exchange or a form of money, which represents the original purpose of cryptocurrency. On the other hand, it can also be used as a commodity or as digital assets, also known as crypto assets. Cryptocurrency is illegal to use as money in Indonesia, but it is legal to exchange it as an asset. This study explores the legal protections for holders of collateral against the loss of crypto assets as well as how crypto assets are governed by material guarantees in Indonesia. A conceptual and statutory approach, technical analysis, and a normative legal research methodology were applied in the study. The legal material was analyzed by using the content analysis approach, which involved examining the content and legality of the material gleaned from various laws and regulations by looking at the relevant legal precedents. The discussion results discover that crypto assets fall under the definition of "intangible movable objects" as defined in article 503 BW. In addition, crypto assets had material rights in the form of material guarantees in the form of a pledge and fiduciary guarantees, allowing the parties to carry out their agreements in good faith even in the event that the collateral object is lost. These disputes could be settled through either non-litigation or litigation.
The presence of crypto coins as a new thing in society certainly requires a legal attitude. The rapid development of crypto coins makes many people believe that crypto coins will become a means of payment in the future. This study aims to find out the arrangements regarding payment instruments in Indonesia and the legal consequences if crypto coins are used as payment instruments in Indonesia. this writing uses Normative Legal Research, namely research with assessment through literature studies based on primary and secondary legal materials. The problem approach used is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this study show concretely that crypto coins are illegitimate means of payment. The use of crypto coins as a means of payment in Indonesia is not in accordance with the law and is an act that is against the law so that it can lead to legal consequences. Crypto coins do not have a legal basis to be used as a means of payment in Indonesia. Payments using crypto coins which are prohibited by law are considered illegal payments so they can be subject to sanctions
Digital transformation in the economic sector has challenged legal and regulatory capabilities. The euphoria of the Indonesian people over the presence of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT), especially on the OpenSea platform, has caused a violation of privacy. Therefore, this research examines the basis for processing the personal data of OpenSea and their accountability for efforts to protect personal data in a descriptive-analytical specification with a normative juridical approach originating from library materials or secondary data. The results of the research show that the basis for processing data is not in line with Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning the Protection of Personal Data, and OpenSea may be subject to administrative sanctions for the distribution of NFTs that are contented with personal data violations in its electronic system. Meanwhile, this research aims to contribute ideas and references for legal knowledge development; input to the government to reinforce preventive and repressive efforts on internet security; referral of personal data controllers in improving the quality of electronic systems; and information for the public to wisely utilize technology.
Muhammad Rifqi Hariri, Ahmad M. Ramli, Tasya Safiranita Ramli
This study analyzes the potential benefits and legal issues that arise, especially in the field of intellectual property due to the practice of commercializing songs and/or music through NFTs by musicians in Indonesia. Through descriptive analytical research using a normative juridical approach, the results of this study indicate that there are various potential benefits that can be obtained by musicians and the public as NFT buyers if works in the form of songs and/or music are commercialized through NFT. However, aside from that, there are also potential problems, such as the current absence of regulations in Indonesia that specifically regulate NFTs, which causes legal uncertainty. Indonesia needs to issue regulations that specifically regulate the legality of NFTs through a multidisciplinary approach, especially from the technological and legal aspects.
This research is a normative juridical study of non-fungible token (NFT) regarding the position of NFT in relation to positive law in Indonesia, legal certainty for bankrupt assets in the form of NFT and the efforts that can be made by curators in order to optimize bankruptcy assets in the form of NFT. The results of this study indicate that NFT has met the classification of immovable and indivisible movable objects. The provisions of Article 21, Article 98 and 101 Paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Law have provided legal certainty to curators and bankrupt creditors that NFT is a bankrupt asset that must be optimized by the curator to pay off the debts of debtors. There are 3 main obstacles by the curator in optimizing bankrupt assets in the form of NFT, in the process of registering NFT as bankrupt assets, the process of determining the best time to sell NFT and the method of selling NFT based on the Bankruptcy Law. Against these obstacles, the Bankruptcy Law and positive law have provided efforts that can be taken by curators in the context of optimizing bankrupt assets.
Smart contract adalah kontrak digital yang dapat diatur dan dieksekusi secara otomatis. Kehadiran smart contract menimbulkan perubahan radikal dalam dunia hukum, khususnya dalam bidang perjanjian dan pembayaran. Meskipun teknologi memungkinkan fungsi Notaris dilakukan secara online dan jarak jauh, tampaknya hal itu tidak mungkin dilakukan secara hukum yang saat ini berlaku di Indonesia. Sehingga, masih dibutuhkan regulasi yang spesifik mengatur ketentuan mengenai Smart Contract agar terbentuknya kepastian hukum yang memberikan rasa aman dan perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat. Rumusan Masalah yang dipakai ada dua yaitu, pertama, keabsahan hukum atas kehadiran smart contract dikaitkan dengan transaksi elektronik, serta yang kedua, bagaimana ancaman penerapan smart contract terhadap peran dan fungsi notaris di indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran Smart Contract di Indonesia dapat dikatakan sah dan berlaku apabila memenuhi syarat-syarat yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Namun, jika dikaji terhadap peran notaris sebagai pejabat umum, Smart Contract akan mengurangi peran notaris sebagai pejabat umum dalam pendaftaran dan pengesahan perjanjian. Karena, peran notaris tetap diperlukan dalam pemeriksaan keabsahan dan kepatutan kontrak, serta dalam memberikan jaminan keamanan bagi kontrak yang diselenggarakannya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Kemajuan teknologi yang pesat harus sejalan dengan perubahan sistem hukum, khususnya fungsi notaris sebagai pejabat publik, agar tetap relevan dan memberikan pelayanan yang efektif dan efisien kepada masyarakat
Julian Gilbert Marcelino, Novia Kusumawardani, Adhen Al Hafiedz
Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, merupakan hak yang di miliki oleh seseorang atas karya ciptaan yang merupakan hasil dari kegiatan berpikir yang dilakukan oleh orang tersebut. Menurut Pasal 16 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, hak kekayaan intelektual dapat di jadikan sebagai objek jaminan fidusia, karena sifatnya yang merupakan benda bergerak dan tidak berwujud. Adapun saat ini ada aset tak berwujud baru yang bernama Non Fungible Token (NFT). NFT merupakan aset digital yang termasuk benda bergerak tidak berwujud. Oleh sebab itu dalam penelitian ini akan di bahas terkait apakah NFT bisa menjadi objek dari jaminan utang, serta jaminan kebendaan apa saja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, sebagai sumber utama. Juga pendekatan konseptual yaitu tentang pendapat ahli terkait aset digital sebagai objek jaminan. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa NFT dapat menjadi objek jaminan utang, lembaga jaminan kebendaan yang dapat digunakan adalah jaminan fidusia dan jaminan gadai.
One of the technological innovations in the industrial era 4.0 is the existence of smart contracts. Smart Contract is a further development of the application of blockchain after the existence of cryptocurrency, namely a computer program that is basically an electronic agreement in a blockchain database system with the aim of a protocol in carrying out an agreement or agreement between parties that can execute agreement clauses automatically. This article was examined using normative juridical research methods. Normative juridical research is research based on an analysis of legal norms, the sense of law as it is written in the books and statutes (in the literature and statutory regulations). The results of the study show that the use of smart contracts in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia has been implemented properly and when viewed from the perspective of Civil Law in Indonesia, the use of smart contracts in e-commerce transactions has fulfilled the elements of the agreement in general, although there are still deficiencies such as automatic execution as if made by one party only.
The development of NFT use does not function for the public’s need of objects related to copyright. In general, when someone creating NFT using another person’s work needs approval from the copyright owner. This type of normative juridical research is used as an assessment of the application of positive legal norms or legal rules applied in Indonesia. The results of research on Transferring Copyright Ownership Of NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) On The Perspective Of Positive Law In Indonesia can be regulated by using the provisions of Article 18 UUHC related to selling-buying outright of copyrighted works which in practice must meet the requirements stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code concerning the conditions for the validity of the agreement which are the existence of an agreement, parties’ requirement, particular objects, and lawful cause. The transaction of copyrighted works on NFT is not merely a sale and purchase for ordinary works of art, but also includes the rights to a copyrighted work protected by positive law in Indonesia. NFTs are protected under copyright laws and therefore have 2 (two) rights attached: economic and moral. In this regard, changing or distributing as well as modifying actions is included in violating moral rights. Even though the ownership has been transferred, the copyright holder must still be entitled to the economic and moral rights of the creator attached to the NFT.
The development of crypto in Indonesia currently has a high attraction for the public. Indonesia is one of the countries that has quite good crypto investors and has great investors. With this crypto transaction, it adds investment for life, but many companies engaged in this crypto sector are still vulnerable to the establishment of Bappebti or the number of illegal companies. So that legal protection cannot be obtained on crypto companies that do not have permits. One of them, the Binance application (currently) still has not obtained permission from Bappebti. The type of research in this article is literature research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is the normative study of law. The results of the study concluded that there is no fixed legal certainty for Binance application users for investors, because the company has not registered with Bappebti to legalize its crypto in Indonesia
Saat ini perkembangan teknologi memiliki kemajuan yang sangat cepat. Salah satu perkembangaan teknologi tersebut adalah adanya cryptocurrency sebagai mata uang virtual yang dapat dijadikan alat tukar resmi, namun cryptocurrency tersebut belum memiliki kepastian hukum yang jelas dalam mengatur kegiatan transaksi virtual tersebut sehingga dapat menimbulkan permasalahan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau regulasi cryptocurrency khususnya terhadap tidak pidana di Indonesia. Untuk mecapai tujuan tersebut metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian pengadaan aktivitas pembayaran di Indonesia diatur oleh Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 18/40/PBI/2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pemrosesan transaksi pembayan, dimana peraturan belum terdapat regulasi terkait penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran. Sehingga cryptocurrency belum memiliki perlindungan hukum.
Decentralized Finance (DeFI) has positively impacted the development of crypto asset trading and has been adopted by various countries except for Indonesia. This study aims to identify the urgency of regulating DeFi as the development of crypto asset trading in Indonesia and construct the ideal regulation. This research is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The research results stated the urgency of regulating DeFi as the development of crypto asset trading is: a) other countries have used DeFi because it can develop crypto asset trading for the better by creating value stability in crypto assets, having a function for lending and borrowing crypto assets, having transparency in transactions and lower crypto asset trading fees; b) DeFi technology adopted in the development of the Digital Rupiah project by BI and adopted by physical traders of crypto assets in Indonesia; c) as a form of legal protection from risks arising from technical or non-technical negligence or intention to protection from crime. Ideal legal regulation for decentralized finance as the development of Indonesia crypto asset trading is the formation of a regulation by CoFTRA in the form of technical guidelines and implementation mechanisms, in the form of a new written CoFTRA Regulation, in the form of a decree from the Head of CoFTRA whose focus is to regulate DeFi as development Crypto asset trading.
Hadirnya Industri 4.0 dan memasuki Society 5.0 memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar terhadap lahirnya jenis aset baru, yaitu aset-aset yang berbasis digital. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa semakin tingginya minat terhadap NFT. Transaksi NFT yang diperdagangkan secara internasional membuatnya semakin populer. Namun disisi lain, NFT juga sering digunakan oleh pihak ketiga untuk mengkomersialisasi karya seniman tanpa izin seniman tersebut. Seiring perkembangan NFT, ada banyak kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan transaksi NFT sehingga diperlukan adanya perangkat hukum yang dapat mengatur NFT. Maka dalam penelitian ini penulis inggin mengakji bagaimana pengaturan NFT dalam hukum positif Indonesia dengan judul : “Tinjauan Yuridis Non Fungible Token (NFT) Dari Aspek Hukum Benda Dan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual”.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the law arising from crypto currency transactions in the form of bitcoin where the Bitcoin phenomenon causes several legal problems that are not yet clear on the regulation regarding the use and legal protection arising from the Bitcoin phenomenon. This research is included in normative or doctrinal legal research because this research uses positive norms in the legal system. The technique of data collection is done by literature study. The data analysis technique uses deductive logic by drawing conclusions from general problems to a concrete problem faced. Based on this research, the results show that although MUI has issued a fatwa on the prohibition of Cryptocurrency, Indonesia does not yet have a regulation on Bitcoin virtual currency. So that legal protection for users of this transaction does not obtain legal legal certainty from the State when there is a default or other unlawful act in the transaction
Currenct technological developments support humans to be able to carry out economic activities without regional boundaries problems. One of the impacts is the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) technology that supports security in investement activites of copyrighted works that are converted into digital assets on digital platforms. However, the platform is also used by the irresponsible parties as a medium for copyright infringement, such as in the case of unauthorized sale of Reini Wirahadikusumah’s potrait as Chancellor of ITB on the OpenSea platform. This study aims to understand the legal protection related to the rights of Reini Wirahadikusumah as the person in the potret work and the appropriate legal action taken by Reini Wirahadikusumah for the illegal sale of the potrait work.
The existence of the Metaverse is warming the world as a second life, and one can carry out activities in the virtual world, one of which is buying and selling transactions.Metaverse itself is a digital reality that combines aspects of social media, online gaming, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and cryptocurrency to allow users to interact virtually.Metaverse has excellent potential for a person to interact, work, learn and create through NFT (non-fungible tokens) that describe the original object.There has been much attention lately about buying and selling virtual land in the Metaverse.Some investors are willing to spend significant funds to buy virtual land in the form of NFT.Purchased digital plots of land are stored in NFT.This is considered an investment and can be profitable in the future.The use of Virtual Currency has spread widely to all corners of Indonesia.However, at this time, the government has not determined how to formulate written regulations regarding its circulation and supervision, then how to formulate policies and aspects of protection for investors or users in metaverse transactions regarding land and building investment.Virtual currency investments are risky and vulnerable to cybercrime, money laundering, and tax evasion.This study uses a normative research method by reviewing and describing library materials in the form of literature, legislation, and some news related to the issues to be discussed.
Rahandy Rizki Prananda, Mohamad Syukur, Juan Diaz-Granados
Technological developments lead to new challenges especially the protection of copyrights law. With the emergence of blockchain-integrated digital artworks called Non-Fungible Tokens. Copyright is one of the challenges that must be guaranteed by the implementation of art creators in the NFT market p
The development of the modus operandi of money laundering become a major concern. Cryptocurrency technology has the potential to become a new media for money laundering because law enforcement officials still use to this technology, this technology which has a pseudonymous and even anonymous character is a new means for money laundering perpetrators to disguise their crimes. This study aims to examine how cryptocurrency is used as the modus operandi of money laundering and how is the readiness of regulations in Indonesia, especially Law No. 8 of 2010 in prosecuting money laundering offenders with the cryptocurrency modus operandi. This study uses a normative juridical method with legal materials from literature studies and uses a statutory regulation approach. The results of this study are the use of crypto as a mode of money laundering due to peer-to-peer networks, namely the absence of third parties to supervise crypto transactions, high user privacy, and transaction flexibility. Abstrak. Berkembangnya modus operandi pencucian uang menjadi perhatian utama. Teknologi cryptocurrency berpotensi menjadi media baru TPPU dikarenakan masih awamnya teknologi tersebut oleh aparat penegak hukum, teknologi yang memiliki karakter pseudonymous bahkan anonymous ini menjadi sarana baru bagi pelaku TPPU untuk menyamarkan kejahatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana pemanfaatan cryptocurrency sebagai modus operandi TPPU dan bagaimana kesiapan regulasi di Indonesia khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 dalam menjerat pelaku TPPU dengan modus operandi cryptocurrency. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan bahan hukum studi kepustakaan dan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan kripto sebagai modus pencucian uang dikarenakan jaringan peer-to-peer yaitu tidak adanya pihak ketiga yang melakukan pengawasan transaksi kripto, privasi pengguna yang tinggi, dan fleksibilitas transaksi. Kata kunci: Modus Operandi, Cryptocurrency, Pencucian Uang, Indonesia
Putri Azura Hana Haryadi, Taupiqqurrahman Taupiqqurrahman
Perkembangan teknologi informasi mendorong hampir seluruh bidang dalam kehidupan masyarakat menjadi sesuatu yang berbentuk digital terutama dalam bidang perdagangan. Saat ini masyarakat lebih memilih sesuatu yang bersifat praktis, cepat, dan efisien sehingga berbagai platform digital digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. NFT merupakan aset digital yang kepopulerannya meroket beberapa tahun ke belakang ini. Adanya karya pada NFT sudah seharusnya karya NFT tersebut bisa dijadikan objek jaminan fidusia. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana potensi NFT sebagai objek jaminan fidusia serta bagaimana keabsahan NFT apabila dijadikan objek jaminan fidusia. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa dalam konteks regulasi, Indonesia sudah memberikan suatu peluang atau potensi NFT sebagai jaminan fidusia yang berasal dari Undang-Undang Hak Cipta. Terdapat regulasi di Indonesia yang berkaitan untuk dijadikan ketentuan apabila menjadikan NFT sebagai jaminan fidusia. Itu menjadi cara agar pembebanan jaminan fidusia pada NFT tetap sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada dan tidak melanggar hukum. Potensi tersebut perlu dilakukan penambahan regulasi yang lain terkait dengan NFT sebagai objek hak cipta. Selanjutnya, kedudukan NFT sebagai objek jaminan fidusia belum sah secara khusus, begitu pula legalitasnya. Berdasarkan regulasi-regulasi terkait yang sudah berlaku, terlihat potensinya untuk dibuat atau dikembangkan suatu produk hukum sebagai regulasi tambahan baru yang mengatur secara khusus dan terperinci. Dengan begitu, masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan NFT dengan maksimal dan bukan hanya sebagai investasi namun dijadikan hal lainnya seperti objek jaminan. Pemanfaatan NFT perlu diiringi dengan produk hukum dan ketentuan yang mengatur secara khusus untuk memberikan perlindungan dari segi hukum.
The presence of four new autonomous regions (DOB) in Papua completes the number of provinces in Indonesia to 38. This study examines the formation of the new autonomous region in Papua from the perspective of state administrative law. This type of research is juridical normative with a statutory, concept, and case approach. The study results show Law Number 2 of 202,1, which eliminates preparation areas, even though the preparation areas are crucial in forming a new autonomous region. With asymmetric decentralization, special autonomy will be imposed on the new autonomous regions in Papua, which have specificity regarding authority, finance, and institutions. However, there are several notes, such as the Governor and DPRP formed from the results of the 2024 simultaneous elections & regional election; as a result, the acting governor is equipped with crucial authority that is prone to conflict of interest. This article also provides ideas and recommendations regarding the formation of the Papua new autonomous region as follows: 1) The implementation of primary areas in the process of forming the Papua new autonomous region; 2) The government immediately issued government regulation of Desartada; 3) Maximizing the participation of indigenous Papuans in the establishment of the new autonomous region in Papua.
Technological advances always lead to various implications in people's lives, not least in the aspect of buying and selling transactions. In the current era, the dynamics of buying and selling transactions are enlivened by the presence of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT); as an asset embodied in the form of a digital token. Furthermore, one of the components of NFT is the existence of smart contracts; as the presence of smart contracts also raises legal issues. This legal research aims to examine and examine the problems of smart contracts when they become evidence in a dispute; while at the same time reviewing the validity of smart contracts in the positive legal system in Indonesia. This legal research uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials with a conceptual approach and legislation. The results of this study state that there is no legal instrument that regulates smart contracts, so the implementation of smart contracts is legal under Indonesian law. On the other hand, the existence of a smart contract as a form of an agreement is subject to the enforcement of Article 1320 of the Civil Code, so that the smart contract fulfills the components of the agreement as required in the legislation
This study aims to analyze the impact of a legal vacuum on digital art in NFT (Non-Fungible Token) as a violation of intellectual property rights and find out how the current regulation regarding digital art in NFT is viewed from Intellectual Property Rights. The era is growing, presenting the development of technological sophistication which is one of the things that is most needed by humans. One form of this technological sophistication is the internet and smartphones. Humans can communicate, buy and sell transactions, and so on only through the internet. In terms of buying and selling transactions, the emergence of NFT as a digital asset has become a trendsetter favored by many parties because the presence of NFT can be utilized in the arts, business and entertainment industries. The research method used in this research is normative juridical research with a case study approach and legislation. The results of this study conclude that due to the legal vacuum of digital art in NFT, it triggers the occurrence of violations that can harm certain individuals such as plagiarism, theft of works and even forgery and fraud. It is necessary to add regulations regarding all activities within the NFT itself, including the legal sanctions. This study seeks to explain all the possibilities of criminal acts that may occur and their settlements based on the Law relating to Intellectual Property Rights. Tujuan studi ini yaitu menganalisa kekosongan hukum atas seni digital dalam NFT (Non-Fungible Token) sebagai pelanggaran hak kekayaan intelektual dan mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan saat ini mengenai seni digital dalam NFT ditinjau dari Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Zaman yang semakin berkembang, menghadirkan perkembangan kecanggihan teknologi yang menjadi salah satu hal yan paling dibutuhkan oleh manusia. Salah satu bentuk dari kecanggihan teknologi ini adalah internet dan smartphone. Manusia dapat melakukan komunikasi, transaksi jual beli, dan lain sebagainya hanya lewat internet saja. Dalam hal transaksi jual beli, kemunculan NFT sebagai sebuah aset digital menjadi trendsetter yang digemari banyak pihak karena kehadiran NFT dapat dimanfaatkan dalam industri seni, bisnis dan hiburan. Studi ini menggunakan Metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwasanya karena adanya kekosongan hukum terhadap seni digital dalam NFT, memicu terjadinya pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang dapat merugikan oknum-oknum tertentu seperti plagiarisme, pencurian karya bahkan pemalsuan dan penipuan. Sehingga perlulah penambahan peraturan mengenai segala aktivitas di dalam NFT itu sendiri termasuk sanksi hukumnya. Kajian ini berupaya menjelaskan segala kemungkinan-kemungkinan tindak pidana yang mungkin terjadi beserta penyelesaiannya berdasarkan pada regulasi terkait Hak Kekayaan Intelektual.
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia, Maya Ruhtiani, Yuris Tri Naili, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia · 8 authors
Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai permasalahan tindak kejahatan terhadap aset digital pada era metaverse dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap aset digitalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap aset digital pada era metaverse. Artikel ini diteliti dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Dimana pada pembahasannya penelitian ini memprioritaskan kepada pengkajian penerapan norma hukum positif atau kaidah hukum yang diterapkan di Indonesia. Perlindungan hukum terhadap aset digital pada era metaverse berkaitan dengan ancaman keamanan dan privasi terhadap identitas, data, privasi, jaringan, ekonomi, tata kelola, dan efek fisik/sosial. Tindak kejahatan terhadap aset digital pada metaverse dilakukan dengan cara pencurian data oleh peretas, peniruan identitas pengguna metaverse, perusakan pada data pengguna dan penyebaran data yang bersifat pribadi. Selain itu kejahatan pada metaverse dilakukan terhadap Non-Fungible Token yang berkaitan erat dengan kekayaan intelektual pada hak cipta, merek dan desain industri. Perlindungan hukum terhadap aset digital pada metaverse dapat diproses di dunia nyata dengan mengimplementasikan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada pada hukum positif di Indonesia yaitu dengan menerapkan sanksi pidana terhadap tindakan pelanggaran pada metaverse dengan mengimplementasikan Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi sedangkan untuk pelanggaran atau pencurian pada NFT dapat menerapkan aturan hukum pada Undang-Undang Hak Cipta, Merek dan Indikasi Geografis.