The integration of blockchain technology into automated incident management systems represents a significant advancement in securing and validating system logs and incident records. This article presents a comprehensive article analysis of blockchain's application in incident management, examining its role in creating immutable audit trails and enhancing security controls. Through systematic review of implementation patterns and industry case studies, the article explores how distributed ledger technology addresses traditional challenges in log integrity and incident response validation. The article investigates the architectural frameworks necessary for successful blockchain integration, including considerations for scalability, performance, and regulatory compliance. The findings demonstrate that blockchain-based incident management systems offer enhanced transparency, improved audit capabilities, and robust security measures compared to traditional approaches. Additionally, the article examines emerging patterns in enterprise adoption, implementation challenges, and the synergies between blockchain and other emerging technologies in the incident management landscape. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on blockchain applications in enterprise security operations and provides a framework for organizations considering blockchain adoption for their incident management processes. The article concludes with recommendations for implementation and identifies areas for future research in this rapidly evolving field.
This paper aims to explore the key elements of transformative leadership skills of women servants to accelerate and impact activities related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Content analysis and qualitative interviews with case research on applying the latest technology with distributed trust networks to provide traceability in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), and sports event management in Hong Kong for primary and secondary school students were conducted in April–July 2024. The attributes of transformative leadership of women servants with innovative ways to track students’ sports competition are seldom studied for improving the quality services of sports and STEM service providers in the post-COVID-19 periods. According to the results, it is expected to have an ongoing study on innovative and sustainable ways of applying transformative leadership of women servant leadership with non-fungible tokens (NFT) and blockchain application in SDGs via strengthening the partnership of academia, researchers, business, and industry with SDGs and NFT community projects for sustainable development (SD).
Ensuring food security is crucial for maintaining food quality and enhancing consumer services by guaranteeing both safety and satisfaction. However, traditional methods to ensure food security are often susceptible to various forms of fraud and require significant processing overhead, making them inefficient for the evolving demands of modern food supply chains. To address these shortcomings, blockchain technology has emerged as a robust and efficient solution to enhance food security. This paper presents a novel lightweight blockchain-based signature mechanism designed for the rapid detection of food fraud. It also includes a domain-specific ontology to serve as a structured knowledge model, allowing systematic analysis and detection of different types of fraud within the food supply chain. This approach uses smart contracts built on lightweight blockchain technology to initiate and manage transactions related to food fraud. Then, semantic rules are applied to detect and identify fraudulent activities. Once fraud is detected, associated transactions are encrypted and tracked, ensuring visibility and traceability among consortium members. Experimental results based on large-scale transaction data demonstrated ~7.5× speed improvement over iterative search algorithms while maintaining high transaction traceability and significantly reducing storage costs.
In all country construction projects include an enormous number of financial transactions and it’s necessary that the contracts between stakeholders should be more advanced in technology. The advance of Blockchain technology has been incontrovertible in recent years and this allowed the contracts to be programmed on Blockchain as smart contracts. The main goal of this paper is to identify and prioritize critical success factors of Smart Contracts in the construction industry. For identifying factors, we used library study and for prioritizing them, field study. To collect data, we designed a DANP questionnaire, from a panel senior managers and engineering experts. The results show that technology maturity is the most important factor in Smart Contract success; security of contracts, support from the engineering community, stakeholders’ consideration, and competition in the building industry were other important factors which took their next levels.
This paper examines the potential implications of the principles of swarm intelligence and collective behavior in nature for unmanned systems and autonomous organizational structures. Swarm intelligence is inspired by natural systems in which individual units interact according to simple rules to form a complex and organized whole. These principles can be observed in a wide range of situations, from the synchronized flight of flocks of birds to the harmonized swimming behavior of schools of fish. The study emphasizes that swarm intelligence principles have the potential to create more flexible, resilient and efficient systems with decentralized control mechanisms and autonomous decision-making processes. Furthermore, it is suggested that these approaches can find applications in many fields, from military operations to agricultural and environmental monitoring, from disaster response to urban planning. The study provides a detailed analysis of swarm behavior in nature and discusses how these behaviors can be emulated and optimized in unmanned systems. In this context, the potential impacts of swarm intelligence and collective behavior principles on unmanned systems are evaluated in terms of increasing their adaptability, optimizing energy efficiency and maximizing mission success. It is also argued that these principles can contribute to making unmanned systems more resilient to contingencies and changing environmental conditions. Swarm intelligence principles can be used to provide more effective coordination in unmanned air, land and sea vehicles. In digitalizing sectors, the flexibility of businesses can be increased and resource usage can be optimized by creating decentralized decision-making mechanisms.
Supply chain traceability is a critical aspect of modern business operations, and blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance traceability in supply chain management. However, the effective application of blockchain faces various challenges and limitations. This study aims to investigate how blockchain technology can address these challenges and improve traceability within supply chains. Employing a systematic literature review combined with interpretative structural modeling (ISM), we comprehensively assess and classify the literature on blockchain-enabled supply chain traceability. Our exploratory research approach delves into the contributions of blockchain technology and identifies key factors that enhance traceability. We adopt a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both secondary and primary data to ensure robust analysis. Our study addresses essential questions regarding the application, advantages, limitations, challenges, integration with other technologies, and future potential of blockchain in supply chain traceability. Through a systematic review and the ISM technique, we identify crucial levels and factors necessary for leveraging blockchain technology effectively. Our findings underscore the importance of a robust infrastructure, cutting-edge technology, and significant initial investment in implementing blockchain for supply chain traceability. This research offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors and their levels, providing valuable insights for industry professionals and academic researchers. By laying a solid foundation for informed decision-making and further exploration into the potential of blockchain-enhanced supply chain traceability, our study contributes to advancing knowledge in this crucial area of business operations.
Sustainability transparency in agri-food value chains is crucial for fostering accountability, enhancing consumer trust, facilitating compliance with regulatory standards, and ultimately contributing to the resilience and sustainability of food systems in the face of social, environmental, and economic challenges. This paper aims to conduct bibliometric mapping and a systematic review of the scientific landscape concerning transparency of sustainability disclosure in agri-food value chains by identifying the key transparency dimensions and relevant research gaps. An analysis of 841 Scopus-indexed publications, utilizing Scopus tools, SciVal, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software, yields insights into source and author mapping from 2000 to 2022. Bibliometric analysis underlines the increase in research interests in transparency of sustainability disclosure in agri-food value chains after Sustainable Development Goals adoption and the COVID-19 pandemic, following upwards trend, especially in the UK, India, and the USA. The most influential topic clusters are supply chain, environmentally preferable purchasing, and green practices, as well as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Internet of Things with the strongest co-occurrences between transparency (as the most recent notion in scientific landscape) and sustainability, traceability, supply chains, food supply, and blockchain. Systematic review highlights the evidence that transparency as boundary-spanning phenomenon is explored within the mono-country and chain researches, case studies and interviews methodologies from triple bottom line dimension mainly, only introducing governance criteria. Research gaps were identified regarding the role of transparency in different economic system and chains; sustainability conceptual framework used; transparency dimensions incorporation; technology-driven progress and other chain characteristics (traceability, resilience) intersection. AcknowledgmentsInna Makarenko is gratefully acknowledging the support of MSCA4Ukraine project no. 1233713.This project has received funding through the MSCA4Ukraine project, which is funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium as a whole nor any individual member institutions of the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium can be held responsible for them.
Héctor Cañas, Josefa Mula, Francisco Campuzano Bolarín
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies generate new opportunities for developing smart models, algorithms and tools to support supply chain (SC) production planning and control (PPC), or smart PPC (SPPC 4.0). Paired with opportunities, challenges arise in integrating sustainability and resilience in SC network design (SCND) according under I4.0. The main novelty of this paper is to propose two multi-objective models that integrate strategical and tactical PPC decisions into a sustainable-resilient SC under I4.0 towards SPPC 4.0. Sustainability is incorporated in terms of reducing costs and CO2 emissions, and a job creation factor. Resilience is incorporated in terms of contracting support suppliers. To solve the multi-objective models, the augmented epsilon constraint method (AUGMECON) was used. This algorithm minimises a target objective function while it treats the others as constraints. Our experiments indicate that AUGMECON is sensitive to the choice of epsilon values. Furthermore, a synthetic data generation tool called SR1-SR2_SynthDataGenerator was developed. This tool generates input datasets to validate and evaluate our models against benchmarks. A stochastic model (SR2) is also proposed that, with small datasets, takes 8.39 seconds to solve. The proposed models can be useful for industries that seek sustainable and resilient SCs to adapt to changing environments.
Javed Aslam, Kee‐hung Lai, Yun Bae Kim, Horst Treiblmaier
Empirical studies based on detailed, theory-based analyses are essential for a deep understanding of technology adoption. This study provides an overview of blockchain applications in logistics management, employing a comprehensive theoretical framework. Blockchain is considered a critical digital infrastructure for logistics operations due to its distinctive characteristics, including decentralization, transparency, immutability, real-time information sharing, reliability, and end-to-end visibility. These characteristics address many contemporary logistics challenges. The study introduces a research model that integrates the fit-viability model (FVM) and task technology fit theory (TTF), demonstrating blockchain's suitability for enhancing logistics operational functions and sustainability performance. To validate the model, data were collected from logistics managers of 576 companies and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) regression. This research offers valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and decision-makers on practical challenges and potential solutions in logistics through the application of blockchain. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the implementation of blockchain can improve the alignment, resilience, transparency, integration, and sustainability of logistics tasks.
This study explores the determinants of the intention to adopt blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises. Different from existing studies that advocate the use of socio-technical theory for blockchain technologies, we develop a new theoretical framework, called “SOS,” based on a review of the existing literature. This is an adaptation of the technology–organization–environment framework that examines the measures and scales from socio-technical, organizational, and sustainability contexts. We use ADANCO 2.3.2 for variance-based structural equation modeling. The results show that two of the nine hypotheses are negatively significant, while the rest are positive. In our context, social sustainability and computer self-efficacy are strongly negatively significant for the adoption intention of blockchain technology in our context. Software quality and environmental sustainability are strongly positively significant. Meanwhile, collaboration, economic sustainability, and relative advantage mediated by experience are positively significant. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a new theoretical framework, fresh insights from the Indian industry, and several recommendations to practitioners.
Blockchain is a virtual, distributed ledger that operates across multiple peer-to-peer computing devices without the need for a centralized authority. It utilizes unique software systems to manage transaction data file (block), facilitating the transmission, processing, storing, and display of data. As a solution to combat food fraud and enhance food safety, blockchain technology is gaining traction in the global food supply chain. It provides an immutable ledger system and transparent record-keeping, which offers unmatched traceability and accountability, enabling stakeholders to track food products from farm to fork. Despite its potential, the adoption of blockchain in the food industry faces challenges such as scalability, interoperability, and data accuracy, which need to be overcome to fully utilize its capabilities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how blockchain technology address food fraud and improves food safety. By employing a review methodology, we analyze existing literature and case studies to examine blockchain's role in enhancing transparency, traceability, and sustainability in the food supply chain. This study identifies research gaps and discusses theoretical implications, practical applications, and potential future directions for blockchain technology within the context of food safety. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of blockchain to revolutionize the food industry by providing unparalleled traceability and accountability. We also emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders and the integration of innovative approaches such as decentralized data adjustment and the inclusion of genomic information on blockchain platforms. Theoretically, further research is needed to explore the synergy blockchain and emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence. Practically, our study underscores the critical need for blockchain adoption to safeguard the integrity of the food supply chain and protect consumer health. Through collective action and technological innovation, stakeholders can ensure that every food product is traceable, safe, and trustworthy, thereby enhancing the sustainability and resilience of the food industry. • This study explores the role of blockchain technology in preventing food fraud. • Tangible evidence of blockchain's effectiveness can be seen through its implementation by two industry giants. • The discussion presents a balanced analysis of blockchain's limitations and benefits, as well as the challenges. • The paper offers an exciting outlook on the future, where blockchain's integration with IoT and AI.
The increasing adoption of blockchain technology (BCT) is transforming operations and relational dynamics within agri-food supply chains. Despite a growing number of studies, the impact of BCT on supply chain relationships remains underexplored. This research identifies the salient elements of the link between BCT and relationships. It explores these empirically to understand the impact of BCT adoption and implementation on supply chain relationships in the agri-food industry, relying on social exchange theory and focusing on trust, formal information flow mechanisms, and quality of information flows and communication. This study undertakes a multiple qualitative case study analysis of seven Italian companies involved in the agri-food industry operating in the wine, beer, and dairy sectors who are considered pioneers of BCT adoption. The results indicate a positive impact of BCT on the automation of supply chain contracts and operational efficiency, on one hand, and the increased quality of relationships, on the other. Supply chain coordination is required for BCT to be effective. In highly concentrated sectors, the contractual power exerted by big players is a vital factor, while in more fragmented and dispersed industries the role of persuasion, relationships, and supply chain contracts are key. Three key insights emerge and are discussed. These concern: (i) the rethinking of the role of trust in supply chain relationships impacted by the adoption of BCT; (ii) the enhancement of information-sharing and flow mechanisms in supply chain relationships through the adoption of BCT; and (iii) the optimization of information flow quality and communication dynamics through the adoption of BCT. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing novel empirical evidence regarding the impact of BCT on relationships. It further contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the impact of blockchain applications on the upstream and downstream levels of the supply chain from a management perspective and by identifying the beneficial exchanges, norms, and principles that shape interactions when BCT is implemented. • BCT does not substitute trust in relationships but supports its development. • BCT facilitates overcoming the digital divide in agri-food supply chains. • BCT mirrors at the supply chain level the role of ERP at the firm level. • The strengthening of relationships through BCT increases the negotiation power of the supply chain.
Halida Achmad Bagraff, Nur Kholis, Mugiyati, Fatikhah Ghofi Nabila
Supply chain efficiency, transparency, and sustainability can be enhanced using blockchain technology. Blockchain enables a company to accurately track raw material origin to finished products, which ensures standard quality and sustainability. Furthermore, blockchain improves partnerships between supply chain stakeholders by providing a confident, common platform for sharing data. The influence of implementing blockchain technology on supply chain sustainability includes reduced wastage, increased resource transparency, monitoring of social standards, and reduced operational costs. The challenges of blockchain implementation include scalability, incorporation with present systems, lack of expertise, safety and confidentiality, and regulatory uncertainty. Companies can tackle these challenges through collaborative approaches and technical improvements. In general, blockchain technology significantly enhances supply chain sustainability and efficiency, which provides opportunities for creative business solutions.
Food safety has emerged as the topmost priority in the current fast-paced food industry era. According to the World Health Organization, around 600 million people, approximately 1 in 10 individuals worldwide, experience illness due to contaminated food consumption, resulting in nearly 0.42 million fatalities annually. The recent development in software and hardware sectors has created opportunities to improve the safety concerns in the food supply chain. The objective of this review is to explain the fundamentals of blockchain and its integration into the supply chain of various food commodities to enhance food safety. This paper presents the analysis of 31 conceptual works, 10 implementation works, 39 case studies, and other investigations in blockchain-based food supply chain from a total of 80 published papers. In this paper, the significance of adapting conceptual ideas into practical applications for effectively tracing food commodities throughout the supply chain has been discussed. This paper also describes the transformative role of blockchain platforms in the food industry, providing a decentralized and transparent ledger to access real-time and immutable records of a product's journey. In addition, both the positive impacts and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in the food supply chain have been evaluated. In summary, the blockchain-based food supply chains offer greater transparency, traceability, and trust, ultimately resulting in higher standards of food safety and quality.
The application of Blockchain to enhance the industry's social economic resilience is widely of concern in the science, technology, and pharmaceutical industries. The research discusses the resilience of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in the face of global health challenges and how blockchain can improve supply chain transparency and efficiency through its unique distributed ledger (DLT) technology. The report uses literature review methods to analyze the application of blockchain technology to real-time data sharing in the API supply chain and its impact on improving API supply chain adaptability, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing risk management capabilities. As can be seen from the result, through the real-time data sharing by the distributed ledger (DLT), the API supply chain can more effectively respond to the fluctuation of the environment and market to enhance its social and economic resilience. This research demonstrates the potential of blockchain technology in optimizing pharmaceutical supply chain management to safeguard human health and well-being.
This study investigated the impact of blockchain-driven supply chain analytics on the dimensions of lean, agile, resilient, green, and sustainable (LARGS) supply chain management, as well as supply chain innovation (SCI) and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP). The research involved 262 managers and vice presidents of supply chains from large- and medium-sized manufacturing companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. A hybrid approach utilizing structural equations modelling with partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) technique was employed for data analysis. The findings demonstrated a significantly positive effect of blockchain-driven supply chain analytics on SCI, the LARGS supply chain, and SSCP. Additionally, SCI exhibited a significantly positive impact on the LARGS supply chain and SSCP. Moreover, the LARGS supply chain was shown to have a significantly positive influence on SSCP. Both SCI and the LARGS supply chain played positive and significant mediating roles in the impact of blockchain-driven supply chain analytics on SSCP. Furthermore, the LARGS supply chain also acted as a significant mediator in the effect of SCI on SSCP. Lastly, SCI had a positive and significant mediating role in the impact of blockchain-driven supply chain analytics on the LARGS supply chain. In conclusion, it can be inferred that blockchain-driven supply chain analytics contributes to the enhancement of SSCP through the facilitation of SCI and the promotion of LARGS supply chain principles.
Anticipatory action (AA) refers to a series of interventions executed when a hazard presents imminent danger, as indicated by forecasts, early warnings, or pre-disaster risk analyses. It involves proactive measures undertaken by individuals or organizations before an expected disaster to lessen its impact on people, assets, and infrastructure likely to be affected. An increasing array of inter-governmental bodies, governments, United Nations entities, global non-governmental organizations, and Red Cross and Red Crescent movements, have been delving into and utilizing anticipatory action. It has been heralded globally by governments, donors and organizations alike as being a more protective, practical, and cost-effective method of disaster risk management. However, ongoing pilots by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and partners have exposed a significant level of friction between the capacity and speed of existing systems and stakeholders to execute these processes in a manner that is synchronized and timely enough to have the intended impact. This research investigates the potential of blockchain technology to streamline AA programs. It analyzes existing academic and non-academic sources (scholarly and gray literature) to develop a framework for identifying which blockchain applications can be most beneficial. By viewing smart contracts, data oracles, and decentralized finance (DeFi) as a toolbox, the framework examines how these technologies can be used to digitize and simplify AA processes. For AA practitioners, this approach offers a practical solution to potentially increase efficiency and speed within existing program structures. Additionally, it may have the secondary benefit of simplifying cash transfer delivery. Ultimately, this piece seeks to be more thought-provoking than prescriptive; as both areas of work (AA and blockchain technology) are continuously evolving, hopefully new cross-sectoral collaborations can ensue and provide more granular insights on what AA and blockchain synergies look like in practice.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address persistent challenges like lack of transparency, inefficient tracking, and counterfeiting issues in pharmaceutical supply chains. However, there are still limitations in integrating blockchain with existing legacy systems, lack of common standards, scalability concerns due to its decentralized architecture, and lack of regulatory clarity that need to be addressed before successful implementation in the pharmaceutical industry is feasible. This review explores the potential benefits and current use cases of blockchain in enabling drug traceability, establishing authenticity and integrity of data, facilitating smart contracts for seamless financial transactions, and optimizing overall supply chain operations. The current blockchain-based solutions employed by various stakeholders like drug manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, hospitals, and regulators across the different stages of the pharmaceutical value chain are reviewed in this article. Recent research efforts to mitigate the key challenges are discussed, including technical improvements in blockchain architecture for increased security and privacy, the use of permissioned blockchains, innovative consensus protocols to improve scalability, and growing regulatory guidance. The future outlook highlights the tremendous opportunities for blockchain to enable end-to-end visibility, accountability, automation, real-time monitoring and combating counterfeiting in pharmaceutical supply chains through collaborative efforts among stakeholders.
Blockchain technology faces significant challenges related to sustainability, including issues with optimisation, as well as high energy and gas consumption—factors that developers may sometimes neglect. We introduce a methodology to analyse the key sustainability topics discussed by Go-Ethereum developers, using thematic analysis of their issues and comments from Github. Our approach uses the BERT model to conduct an in-depth topic analysis, enabling us to study the underlying themes and trends in developer’s conversations regarding energy use and sustainability. We assess the sustainability of the identified topics using the five dimensions outlined in the Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF): economic, social, individual, environmental, and technical. Our goal is to shed light on how much attention developers pay to sustainability and energy consumption issues. The findings from this qualitative analysis aim to encourage technologists to incorporate these considerations into their future projects, in order to achieve better outcomes in terms of sustainability and reduced consumption.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) into Supply Chain Management (SCM) has transformed the industry by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of current AI applications in SCM, focusing on demand forecasting, inventory management, logistics, and transportation. Various AI techniques, including time-series forecasting, clustering, neural networks, SARIMA, and LSTM models, are discussed in detail. The impact of cutting-edge technologies on supply chain traceability and efficiency, such as blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT), is also examined in this article. Despite the significant advancements, challenges such as gaps in closed-loop supply chains, terminology inconsistencies, and the need for better technical-managerial alignment persist. This review recognizes future research directions to address and solve these challenges and highlights the potential for AI to drive further innovations in SCM. Through case studies and bibliometric analyses, this paper underscores the significance of a comprehensive strategy for supply chain redesign, integrating physical, facilities, and information management to enhance sustainability and market responsiveness. Keywords— Supply chain management , Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics (BDA), Demand forecasting, Inventory management, Logistics optimization, Blockchain , Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Transportation, Tactical planning, Strategic planning, Advanced available-to-promise (AATP), Sustainability in supply chain.
Syed Abdul Rehman Khan, Adnan Ahmed Sheikh, Nadir Munir Hassan, Yu Zhang
The growing awareness about natural resource scarcity is spreading across industries, compelling businesses to implement sustainability initiatives. The service sector, including small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) involved in logistical operations, is actively pursuing measures to achieve the expected sustainability goals. In recent years, incorporating sustainable service quality attributes (SSQAs) has become a crucial strategy for attaining competitive advantages and sustainability objectives. In this context, the current study examines sustainable service quality attributes’ role in achieving sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP) and obtaining triple bottom line sustainability outcomes. Data were obtained from 295 logistics service-providing SMEs using the purposive sampling technique. The acquired data were then analyzed using the structural equation model. According to the findings, SSQAs have a positive association with SSCP. The moderating roles of blockchain technology (BT) and environmental uncertainty (EU) were significant between SSQAs and SSCP. SSCP also mediated between SSQAs, BT, and TBL. Meanwhile, EU and BT also have a significant influencing role between SSQAs and SSCP. The study adds to the body of knowledge within the domain of sustainability, by testing the unique interaction between sustainable service quality attributes and SSCP. Likewise, the use of blockchain technology as a moderator on a given relationship is empirically unique in itself. The study also provides the first of their kind findings on the subject matter in the context of 295 logistics service-providing SMEs from a developing country like Pakistan. The study’s findings are helpful for managers in transforming their services by embedding the SSQAs and developing their workforce to be equipped with the knowledge and facilities necessary to achieve TBL outcomes.
Marios Vasileiou, Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Christina Kleisiari, Paolo Prosperi · 10 authors
Abstract Within food Supply Chains (SCs), food products labeled through Geographical Indications (GIs) hold paramount importance as distinctive and culturally significant entities, ensuring the integrity and distinctiveness of regional specialties. By strictly regulating the geographic origin and production methods, the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) not only guarantees the preservation of traditional practices but also safeguards the cultural legacy and identity of the regions where genuine PDO products are produced. However, the very mechanisms safeguarding PDO authenticity can be exploited within globalized food systems, creating opportunities for fraudulent activities and intentional or unintentional adulteration. This study specifically delves into the overarching realm of PDO SCs, using PDO Feta cheese as a prominent case study. Through an assessment of Feta cheese SC in Greece, encompassing the Delphi Technique with the amalgamation of the design stages of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Vulnerabilities Assessment and Critical Control Point (VACCP), and Threat Assessment and Critical Control Point (TACCP) methodologies, the operations, vulnerabilities, and critical control points are scrutinized. The results indicate multifaceted vulnerabilities and Critical Control Points (CCPs) in the Feta cheese SC that need to be addressed and constitute a precursor for augmenting PDO SCs. Moreover, the utilization of Blockchain Technology (BT) exhibits intrinsic potential for enhancing the administration of supply chains with the potential to fundamentally transform data management practices and foster increased levels of trust among stakeholders.
Bilge Gokhan Çelik, Yewande S. Abraham, Mohsen Attaran
The emergence of construction 5.0 marks a shift toward a human-centric approach to digitization within the construction industry. Along with diverse digital innovations related to this shift, blockchain technology offers vast opportunities for the construction industry, including streamlining project management processes, enhancing transparency in payment processes, and improving contract administration. This paper systematically reviews 109 articles using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol to examine the applications of blockchain in construction, identifying twenty-three topics across eight thematic areas. These areas were further mapped using VOSviewer Online version 1.2.3 to identify interrelationships among the themes and highlight their broad impact. Key features like immutability, security, transparency, and traceability show promise in contract administration, supply chain logistics, facilities management, and sustainability. However, the study also describes the challenges of adopting blockchain in construction, emphasizing the need for enhanced stakeholder education, improved regulatory frameworks, and the creation of industry-specific blockchain platforms to support its acceptance in the construction industry. Emphasizing emerging blockchain applications and the adoption challenges equips researchers and practitioners with the knowledge of these applications and their significance to construction practices.
The rise in the cost of essentials affects every nation around the world, but it has become a major concern for developing nations. It is getting increasingly difficult to keep up with rising prices for everyday items in these countries, where the majority of the population is from the middle class or lower middle class. Inflation, pandemics, wars, and other important variables all contribute to price increases. There may be another significant factor at play, which is supply-chain corruption. The supply chain's unreliable, chaotic, and opaque nature is to blame for this corruption. We are concentrating on the agri-food supply chain in our study. Because many of the current agri-food supply chains are intricate and challenging to monitor, dishonest parties can exploit the situation. Therefore, we suggested a thorough blockchain-based agri-food supply chain to identify the source of price increases. The private Ethereum blockchain was used in the suggested system. Since the private Ethereum blockchain is more efficient, safe, and fast, it was chosen. Smart contracts were created to describe the system and its underlying rules and laws. Furthermore, in order to showcase the usefulness of our smart contracts, we exhibited a sample decentralized application to support our hypothesis. We also gave the system a complete security and vulnerability assessment to make sure it is operating properly and is protected from threats and attacks. Due to the use of blockchain, the system is immutable, transparent, and simple to track and monitor. The proposed system has demonstrated greater transparency, traceability, reliability, speed, security, and cost-efficiency compared to conventional systems. It effectively traces the origin of corruption in the supply chain, providing a more straightforward means to tackle concerns related to price hikes.