The government has established the relocation of Indonesia’s capital city through Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the Capital City. It is called as Nusantara. The government also formed the Nusantara Capital Authority (IKN Authority) an institution responsible for managing local governance in the IKN region, including collecting taxes and special levies. This study analyzes the role of the authority within the constitution and how it affects managing state’s finances. This research employs a doctrinal method with a statutory approach. The study's findings indicate that the authority holds the status of a ministry-equivalent institution under the House of Representatives' supervision. This authority has the power to collect special taxes although it is not supervised by The Regional House of Representatives. The power to collect tax does not align with the principle of fiscal decentralization stipulated in the State Finance Law. Under Article 8 of the Law, the collection of IKN special taxes shall be performed by the Minister of Finance to ensure the consolidation of state revenue accountability. Such way of collecting taxes is similar to the United States, where the Internal Revenue Service, which is part of the US Department of Treasury, collects federal taxes.
Sustainable industrial development depends on optimizing resource and energy integration within Eco-industrial parks (EIPs), combined with stringent carbon emissions reduction policies. The main challenge is ensuring transparency, accountability, and data privacy while optimizing the conversion of raw materials and energy into valuable products and controlling emissions within EIPs. This research introduces an innovative framework to design optimized EIPs and deploy a blockchain-enabled trading platform for resources and emissions management, tackling these key issues. The proposed framework integrates EIPs with emission control policies, supported by two distinct smart contracts: one dedicated to blockchain-based resource trading and another handling financial transactions related to emission control policies, including other regulations such as income tax. The resource trading platform fosters transparency, enabling accurate tracking of material and energy flows. Furthermore, the framework integrates an off-chain Mixed-Integer linear Programming model (MILP) to optimize EIP design and operations, which is seamlessly integrated with smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain (BC) to ensure data privacy and traceability among processes to meet environmental targets. The model also determines emission reductions and investments in carbon capture technology, promoting operational efficiency. By incorporating identity verification and external entities for compliance, the framework ensures secure and regulated operations. Offering a powerful tool to decision-makers and authorities, this framework enhances comprehension of resource and emissions tracking, paving the way for the development of innovative policies and fostering regulatory compliance. This development promotes sustainable industrial activities and supports environmental goals.
In this study, the fractal structure, efficiency, and long memory features of Bitcoin are investigated according to different investment horizons. The study utilized daily returns from 01.01.2017 to 22.11.2023, applying the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform, Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis, and volatility models. The analysis results revealed a deviation of Bitcoin returns from the average and a negative correlation, indicating a lack of permanent behaviour in the series. The analysis demonstrates the rejection of the efficient market hypothesis and reveals a chaotic structure in the Bitcoin market. Furthermore, we observed a hyperbolic rate of decrease in returns at long-term investment horizons due to information shocks. This indicates that past returns can predict future returns. This suggests that instead of the efficient market hypothesis, the fractal market hypothesis is valid due to the existence of recurring trends. Finally, we determined the most appropriate volatility models for Bitcoin. The analysis shows that information shocks in Bitcoin returns at medium- and long-term investment horizons decrease over time, and past returns can predict future returns. However, volatility and information shocks are transitory at short- and medium-term investment horizons but can vary. All analysis methods yield consistent and compatible results, suggesting their potential extension to other cryptocurrency markets beyond the Bitcoin market.
The digital age has changed the way we communicate, work, learn and even spend our free time.Devices such as smartphones, computers or tablets have become indispensable, and access to information is now faster and easier than ever.In the context of the digital age, the purpose of this research paper is to carry out a bibliometric analysis based on a number of 2,454 scientific papers identified in the Web of Science (WoS) database.The first objective is to identify the concept of cryptocurrencies in the specialized literature by carrying out a brief literature review, and the second objective is to carry out the actual bibliometric analysis on the same topic.The results obtained consist in developing a research agenda, which captures the stages of evolution and consolidation of the concept of cryptocurrencies in the specialized literature.
Rajat Kumar, Shivansh Mittal, C.P. Thakur, Tejinder Pal Singh Brar
Research on sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications has been formally started globally in order to construct future mobile communication networks. 6G networks must overcome a number of issues, such as resourcedemanding mobile devices, difficult wireless resource control, and highly complex network architectures, quickly rising processing and storage requirements, and security and privacy risks. To solve these problems, the implementation of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in 6G networks may provide up-to-the-minute insights into how to enhance network quality of services in terms of competency, safety, integrity, expenses, and rife. Distributed ledger technology, often known as blockchain, is one of the most ground-breaking technological developments that can enable the operable standards of the Sixth Generation while also resolving the majority of the persistent limitations. In this paper, we examine potential research areas, upcoming application prospects, and how blockchain might be utilized to address the unresolved issues related to 6G.
This paper examines the perceived risks and challenges associated with the adoption of cryptocurrencies. Using qualitative interviews with stakeholders across the fintech and blockchain sectors, the study identifies major deterrents including volatility, regulatory uncertainty, cybersecurity threats, and lack of consumer protection. The findings reveal how both emotional and cognitive perceptions of risk hinder broader public adoption. Many participants highlighted the influence of media sensationalism and anecdotal experiences, which amplify fears related to scams and technical complexity. Furthermore, perceptions varied significantly across user groups, with institutional investors focusing on legal ambiguity and operational risks, while retail users emphasized usability issues and fear of irreversible losses. Understanding these perceptions is critical to creating strategies for building user confidence, promoting safe practices, and ensuring sustainable growth in the cryptocurrency space. The study recommends the development of transparent regulatory guidelines, improved cybersecurity standards, and more user-friendly onboarding experiences. By addressing the psychological and structural barriers simultaneously, stakeholders can facilitate a more inclusive and secure environment for cryptocurrency adoption. This research contributes to the growing body of work examining behavioral finance in digital economies and underscores the importance of human-centric approaches in technology diffusion.
Revolutionizing distributed agile software testing, we propose BCTestingPlus, a groundbreaking blockchain-based platform. In the traditional distributed agile software testing lifecycle, software testing has suffered from a lack of trust, traceability, and security in communication and collaboration. Furthermore, developers’ failure to complete unit testing has been a significant bottleneck, causing delays and contributing to project failures. Introducing BCTestingPlus, a transformative blockchain-based architecture engineered to overcome these challenges. This framework integrates blockchain technology to establish an inherently transparent and secure environment for software testing. BCTestingPlus operates on a private Ethereum blockchain network, offering superior control and privacy. By implementing smart contracts on this network, BCTestingPlus ensures secure payment verification and efficient acceptance testing. Crucially, it aligns development and testing teams toward shared objectives and guarantees equitable compensation for their efforts. The experimental results and findings conclusively show that this innovative approach demonstrates that BCTestingPlus significantly enhances transparency, bolsters trust, streamlines coordination, accelerates testing, and secures communication channels for all parties involved in the distributed agile software testing lifecycle. It delivers robust security for both development and testing teams, ultimately transforming the efficiency and reliability of distributed agile software testing.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan literatur akademik terkait perilaku menabung (saving behavior) dan resolusi finansial melalui pendekatan bibliometrik. Data dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan dalam rentang tahun 2000–2024. Analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak VOSviewer untuk memetakan tren kata kunci, kolaborasi antar penulis, dan evolusi topik berdasarkan waktu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa saving behavior dan financial literacy merupakan inti dari penelitian keuangan personal, sementara isu-isu seperti decentralized finance dan energy savings muncul sebagai tema baru yang mengarah pada digitalisasi dan keberlanjutan. Penulis kunci seperti Annamaria Lusardi dan Richard Thaler menempati posisi sentral dalam kolaborasi ilmiah. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bagi perumusan kebijakan literasi keuangan yang lebih inklusif, serta arah penelitian masa depan yang mengintegrasikan teknologi digital dan perspektif perilaku dalam resolusi finansial individu.
Cryptocurrency price prediction has become crucial for informed trading decisions due to the volatile nature of assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin. Traditional methods like ARIMA and GARCH struggle with this volatility, while modern approaches such as machine learning and deep learning provide better accuracy. This study evaluates advanced models, including LSTM, GRU, and Light GBM, to predict cryptocurrency prices and assess trading strategies before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. GRU and LSTM excel at identifying patterns in price data, with GRU performing best for Ripple. Ensemble methods like Light GBM proved highly accurate for Bitcoin and Ethereum across time periods. Simpler models like RNN were sufficient for Ripple and Litecoin. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted market dynamics, emphasizing the importance of precise predictions. Trading strategies based on model predictions showed that ensemble methods like Light GBM yielded the highest profitability post-pandemic. The findings highlight the need to tailor models to specific cryptocurrencies and market conditions. Improved deep learning tools can enhance trading efficiency and provide actionable insights for investors and policymakers. Future research could focus on predicting multiple cryptocurrencies simultaneously and optimizing portfolio-based trading strategies. Key Words: LSTM, ARIMA, GARCH, RNN
Research in the field of integrating biometric technologies with distributed ledger technologies, particularly with blockchain technology, aims to find ways to enhance security, privacy, and functional compatibility in the design of modern hybrid biometric systems. Biometric and blockchain technologies each have their own advantages and potential independently of each other. Their integration allows for the mutually beneficial use of these advantages. This article is dedicated to various aspects of the integration of biometric and blockchain technologies. It discusses the use of biometric systems at the level of identity management and access control in blockchain, especially the development and use of biometric digital signatures. It also examines the application of blockchain in managing biometric data, particularly the secure storage of biometric templates in blockchain
Open access
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
In this framework, Blockchain-Integrated Access Control for Wireless Edge Networks intends to attempt authentication and authorization by using smart contracts and immutable ledgers making it secure and decentralized. It increases trust among edge nodes by connecting them, thereby creating a single point of failure, while providing transparent and tamper-resistant enforcement of policies, which improves scalability, resilience, and performance, ultimately making it the Mold for IoT and edge computing environments. The objectives that the system intends to apply towards are design and implement decentralized access control for wireless edge networks using Blockchain, to provide tamper-proof identity verification solutions, to ensure dynamic access policies enforced through smart contracts, to reduce dependency on central authorities, and also to increase security and privacy, scaling trust, and transparency in the distributed IoT and edge environments. The proposed system proposed to implement decentralized access control via private Blockchain in wireless edge networks. Smart contracts are crafted to dynamically facilitate identity authentication, access rights, and the enforcement of policies. Edge nodes interface with the Blockchain to verify credentials and log access attempts immutably. To curb latency and overhead, lightweight cryptography schemes and consensus algorithms such as PBFT are employed. Simulation in a wireless edge environment showed improvements in access request validation by 35%, unauthorized access attempts down by 42%, and improved scalability with respect to conventional centralized models, showing that the model is effectual and robust in secure access control.
Sunil P. Chinte, Prof. S. A. Thakare, Aarti R. Jaiswal, Nikunj Hasmukhrai Raja · 5 authors
The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems has resulted in an unprecedented surge in data generation, necessitating reliable, scalable, and secure storage mechanisms. Traditional centralized storage systems suffer from inherent limitations such as single points of failure, limited scalability, and vulnerability to cyberattacks, which compromise the confidentiality and availability of critical IoT data. This study introduces a blockchain- based decentralized storage framework aimed at addressing these critical issues. By leveraging the distributed and immutable characteristics of blockchain technology, the proposed system enhances data integrity, ensures transparency, and facilitates trustless data exchange among heterogeneous IoT devices. The methodology includes mathematical modeling of key performance parameters such as latency, throughput, storage efficiency, and consensus delay. Smart contracts are integrated to automate validation and enforce rules among interconnected devices, while redundancy mechanisms like replication and erasure coding improve storage reliability and efficiency. The framework’s effectiveness is evaluated using simulation tools including Hyperledger Caliper and Ethereum Testnets for blockchain behavior, and NS-3 and OMNeT++ for modeling dynamic IoT network environments. Experimental results reveal a 30% improvement in data retrieval time, 25% gain in storage efficiency, 40% enhancement in system resilience, and a 50% increase in transaction throughput over conventional approaches. These metrics highlight the suitability of the proposed model for real-world applications requiring scalable and secure IoT data management, such as healthcare monitoring, smart cities, and industrial automation. The model’s reproducibility and modularity make it a robust solution for future research and deployment. Overall, this work demonstrates that blockchain-integrated decentralized storage frameworks present a transformative step toward resilient and scalable IoT infrastructures.
Fiscal decentralisation reforms in lower and middle-income countries are believed to accelerateUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) development. Implementing UHC requires health financing reform.Strategic purchasing is a vital component of health finance that enhances primary healthcare deliveryand improves health system performance. Community participation in strategic purchasing at theirfacilities through local governance structures holds service providers more accountable for implementing strategic purchasing that places the community at the centre of service delivery, thereby improving responsiveness, equity, and financial protection. This study examined how Tanzanian community governance structures under Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF) participate in the procurement process within health facilities. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from four regions—Mbeya, Kilimanjaro, Ruvuma, and Songwe—chosen based on their 2018-star ratings. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires from 280 respondents who were members of health facility governing committees. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for the quantitative data. The study found that members of governance structures participate actively in the strategic purchasing of their health facilities under the DHFF arrangement.Members are highly involved in authorising and reviewing health commodities and services for purchase.However, governance structures are less engaged in evaluating, selecting, debating, and awarding bids.Participation of governance members is associated with age, availability of information reports, and themethod of member selection. DHFF enables community members to procure health commodities basedon population needs. To ensure that community governance structures effectively address elements thatsignificantly enhance community access to healthcare, additional efforts are necessary.
Fatima Zohra Benali, Wildan Miftahussurur Miftahussurur, Rijal Ali Santos Santos, Zaenol Hasan
This study examines the application of qiyas (analogical reasoning) in assessing the legality of cryptocurrency within Islamic law, particularly through the fatwas issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). As cryptocurrency emerges as a significant innovation in the economic sector, the research analyzes classical fiqh texts and draws analogies with paper money to identify essential criteria for cryptocurrency to be considered a legitimate medium of exchange, including being valuable, pure, transferable, and beneficial. The findings indicate that while cryptocurrency lacks official backing, its value is derived from societal trust in blockchain technology. The study emphasizes the necessity for cryptocurrency transactions to comply with Sharia principles, avoiding elements of riba, gharar, and maysir. Additionally, it highlights the importance of collaboration among scholars, academics, and practitioners in Sharia economics to develop responsive fatwas and policies that address technological advancements and societal needs. Furthermore, to provide a broader perspective, examples from other countries, such as Malaysia, Algeria, and Morocco, can be referenced to understand how different Islamic authorities approach the regulation and assessment of cryptocurrency. For instance, Malaysia's Shariah Advisory Council has recognized cryptocurrencies under certain conditions, while Algeria has outright banned their use due to concerns over their volatility and speculative nature. Morocco, on the other hand, has issued warnings about the risks associated with cryptocurrency, despite the growing global interest in digital currencies. By examining these diverse approaches, the research can offer a more comprehensive understanding of how cryptocurrency fits within the frameworks of Islamic finance and law across different contexts. This research contributes to the discourse on integrating modern financial systems with Islamic principles, suggesting that cryptocurrencies can be utilized within Islamic economies if they adhere to Sharia guidelines. Ultimately, the study aims to provide practical guidance for Muslims in conducting economic activities in the digital era while leveraging technological progress to enhance welfare and prosperity.
Introduction. In the current context of the digital transformation of society, there is a growing need to rethink the role of public finance as a tool not only for fiscal regulation but also for strategic development. Traditional models of budget administration are proving insufficient to ensure transparency, accountability and efficiency in the management of public resources. At the same time, the rapid development of digital technologies, such as blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence, opens up new opportunities for modernizing the financial system. In this context, the study of the digital transformation of public finance is extremely relevant, as it meets the challenges of the innovation economy and the need to increase trust in public administration. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of systemic and structural-functional approaches, typological analysis, case method and visualization methods. The empirical basis is based on examples of the implementation of digital platforms in public finance in Ukraine, Georgia, the Baltic States, and Canada. The chronological scope of the study covers 2015-2024. The source base is formed on the basis of data from open budget portals, regulations and international reports (IMF, World Bank, OECD). Results. The article presents a classification of digital solutions into four generations: from open data portals to blockchain platforms with smart contracts. A comparative analysis of the functionality, legal integration and scalability of the OpenBudget, ProZorro and GovChain platforms is carried out. Discussion. The results obtained can be used as an analytical and methodological basis for further research in the field of digital design of budget ecosystems, as well as for the development of regulatory approaches to the integration of decentralized technologies into public financial management. Keywords: public finance, digital transformation, blockchain, smart contracts, ProZorro, OpenBudget, GovChain.
Background: Cryptocurrency is a digital decentralized currency that enables peer-to-peer transactions without the involvement of intermediaries, using blockchain technology to ensure security and transparency. These emotions can help understand when and what behavioral intentions toward cryptocurrency adoption are necessary. These insights contribute to the growing literature on fintech adoption in emerging economies and provide valuable guidance for policymakers and investors formulating cryptocurrency regulations in Nepal. Objectives: It aims to investigate the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, and perceived risk constructs attached to an individual's intention to be involved in cryptocurrency transactions. It finally aims to study the relationships among these variables and their effect on cryptocurrency adoption in the Nepal context. Methods: The study uses a quantitative descriptive design and snowball sampling alone to extract information from cryptocurrency users in Nepal. A structured online questionnaire was used to gather 272 responses and analyzed using correlation and regression to investigate the significance of the proposed hypotheses. Results: Findings show that perceived usefulness, ease, or trust significantly and positively influence behavioral intention toward cryptocurrency adoption, while perceived risk harms adoption because users worry about market volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and security threats. Despite the government's legal restrictions, many Nepalese citizens are still involved in cryptocurrency transactions, seeing it as a source of financial benefit and investment opportunity. Conclusion: The study attests that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust motivate behavior toward adopting cryptocurrency, while perceived risk provides a barrier. This enlightens policymakers on balanced regulatory measures that address risks while encouraging innovation in digital finance. These findings would provide valuable implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and technology developers in outlining the future of cryptocurrency regulation and adoption strategies. JEL Classification: D14, E42, G41
Juan de Anda-Suárez, José Luis López-Ramírez, Daniel Jiménez-Mendoza, José Manuel Benitez-Quintero · 7 authors
Autonomous Vehicles (AV) have been extensively studied in both scientific and social contexts. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant rise in their real-world applications, including neural networks, Blockchain, Internet of Things, autonomous navigation, computer vision, automation processes, and various other areas. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the interplay between software, hardware, and individuals. To guarantee secure and unaffected interactions within autonomous vehicle devices and networks, decentralized Blockchain technology is proposed. This study presents the introduction of a framework we named “DEMU-NAV” for an ecosystem that includes Artificial Intelligence (AI), humans, and robots. The framework makes use of a decentralized Blockchain, Smart-Contract (SC), and Internet of things (IoT) network. Our framework was implemented using Ethereum and Python, enabling us to oversee Blockchain, Smart-Contracts, and the IoT for the facilitation of autonomous vehicle navigation.
Jundri R. Berutu, Yuhelson Yuhelson, Dedy Ardian Prasetyo
The rapid growth of cryptocurrency trading in Indonesia reflects the increasing integration of digital assets into the national economy. Initially classified as tradeable commodities under the supervision of the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI), cryptocurrencies have recently been repositioned within the financial sector's regulatory framework, following the enactment of Law No. 4 of 2023 on Financial Sector Development and Strengthening (UU PPSK). This study analyzes the legal and institutional implications of shifting supervisory authority to Indonesia's Financial Services Authority (OJK) and examines the regulatory challenges in ensuring legal certainty within this evolving digital asset landscape. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the findings reveal that Indonesia’s regulatory landscape remains fragmented and transitional. The absence of a unified and substantive legal framework, combined with institutional overlap and limited technological oversight capacity, undermines investor protection and market integrity. This paper recommends the formulation of a dedicated cryptocurrency law, the adoption of digital supervision mechanisms, and strengthened inter-agency coordination to build a coherent and future-proof legal regime. The novelty of this research lies in its critical examination of Indonesia’s regulatory transition and its proposal for a unified digital asset governance model. The study contributes to the growing body of scholarship on digital financial regulation in emerging markets and offers practical guidance for policymakers navigating the complexities of crypto-asset supervision.
Starting from the saying "money makes the world go round", we asked ourselves to what extent this is applicable to digital financial assets known as crypto-assets (cryptocurrencies, tokens or stablecoins). The evolution of the last period makes us wonder how much regulation we need in the field of crypto-assets and whether the vision that determines the legal regulation of these assets in the European Union (pro-regulation) and/or in the US (anti-regulation) is so different, i.e. what will be the consequences for the economic growth of these two powers. However, we believe that the legislation in this field must keep pace with the continuous innovation that characterises the crypto-assets market, which has the ability to evolve rapidly, because even at this very moment when we are talking, reading, thinking, existing, many new crypto-assets and implicitly professional traders are emerging, who have the necessary auspices to obtain income that - most of the time - escape the rigours of the law due to the lack of legal provisions or insufficient regulation. The analysis of recent years establishes that insufficient regulation of this area has made it particularly attractive to speculators in this new market and, consequently, unreliable for bona fide investors (traditional or new entrants). Keywords: Cryptoassets market; European Regulation; Distributed ledger technology
The decentralization of education has the potential to create gaps in the aspect of education financing, which can ultimately lead to inequality in the quality of education between regions. The implementation of regional autonomy since 2001 has brought significant changes in the governance of the education sector. Therefore, financing is a crucial element in the implementation of education. In the context of regional autonomy, the responsibility for the implementation of education from Kindergarten to Senior High School is handed over to the local government. Thus, the sustainability and quality of education are greatly influenced by the ability of the regions to manage the sector. Unfortunately, the implementation of educational autonomy by local governments has not been fully optimal, one of one of which is due to budget limitations and various other factors. Nevertheless, educational autonomy has a number of positive potentials, including improving managerial efficiency and job satisfaction of educators, producing more contextual and concrete education policies, and optimizing the use of educational resources. In addition, this autonomy allows for more optimal exploration of local potential, the preparation of an education system that is in accordance with local cultural values, and an increase in community participation. Autonomy also contributes to increased accountability, which can overall ensure the quality of education. Other positive effects that can be achieved through educational autonomy include improving the education system at the local level, efficiency in administration and finance, and providing higher quality educational services. This makes educational autonomy a strategic instrument in answering challenges in today's world of education.
As the relationship between cryptocurrency mining activities and electricity consumption becomes increasingly close, the risk spillover effect is steadily drawing a lot of attention to the energy and cryptocurrency markets. For the purpose of studying the risk contagion between the cryptocurrency and energy market, this paper constructs a risk contagion network between cryptocurrency and China's energy market using complex network methods. The tail risk spillover effects under various time and frequency domains were captured by the spillover index, which was assessed by the leptokurtic quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) model. Considering the spatial heterogeneity of energy companies, the spatial Durbin model was used to explore the impact mechanism of risk spillovers. The research showed that the framework of this paper more accurately reflects the tail risk spillover effect between China's energy market and cryptocurrency market under various shock scales, with the extreme state experiencing a much higher spillover effect than the normal state. Furthermore, this study found that the tail risk contagion between cryptocurrency and China's energy market exhibits notable dynamic variation and cyclical features, and the long-term risk spillover effect is primarily responsible for the total spillover. At the same time, the study found that the company with the most significant spillover effect does not necessarily have the largest company size, and other factors, such as geographical location and business composition, need to be considered. Moreover, there are spatial spillover effects among listed energy companies, and the connectedness between cryptocurrency and the energy market network generates an obvious impact on risk spillover effects. The research conclusions have an important role in preventing cross-contagion of risks between cryptocurrency and the energy market.
This study investigates blockchain technologies and blockchain related researches from various sectors considering sectoral applications including food, healthcare, automotive, supply chain, information security, banking and quality management issues associated with these sectors. This study provides comparisons of various industries considering blockchain technology features. The aim of this study is to present an overview to intelligent quality management system based blockchain. This study examines standards for blockchain and distributed ledger technologies and discusses quality challenges for blockchain applications.
This paper investigates the transformative impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the global financial sector, moving beyond a descriptive overview to crit-ically examine the challenges and opportunities they present. The study synthesizes a comprehen-sive review of empirical data, policy documents, and industry reports, including the EY Global FinTech Adoption Index (2023) and World Bank reports (2023), to analyze FinTech adoption across diverse re-gions and financial service categories. The research identifies key challenges related to electronic financial transactions, including cross-border complexities, decentralized systems, and cybersecurity risks. Furthermore, it addresses the crucial need for adaptable regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with financial stability and consumer protection. Findings reveal significant disparities in FinTech adoption globally, driven by factors such as technological infrastructure, regulatory environ-ments, and socio-economic conditions. The study highlights the potential systemic risks associated with FinTech investments and underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing cross-border challenges. By providing a holistic perspective that integrates technological, economic, ethical, and regulatory dimensions, this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic interplay between technology and finance. It offers actionable recommendations for policy-makers, industry practitioners, and academics seeking to foster responsible innovation and ensure the long-term resilience of the global financial system. Future research directions are proposed, including evaluating the effectiveness of different regulatory approaches, exploring the ethical dimensions of AI in finance, and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impacts of FinTech on financial stability and consumer welfare.