Blockchain Papers

Bin Zhang

No abstract is available for this record.

José Antonio Siqueira Pontes, Clara Coelho Mangolin

Abstract: Access to financial resources by individuals, corporations, and governments must undergo impact assessments concerning human rights. Public and private governance bodies exert influence over the global financial landscape, ensuring compliance with frameworks such as the UN’s 2030 SDGs through the "Equator Principles" and the "Principles for Responsible Investment." The article aims to analyze the effects of digital tools on responsible financing, such as through the decentralization of financial systems for credit access. It explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) integrated into "smart contracts," the consumer credit market, especially on peer-to-peer lending platforms, and other fintech solutions for achieving ESG goals like poverty reduction. However, the use of AI and "smart contracts" may also pose risks to human rights. The primary approach involves reviewing international literature to identify emerging risks. The expected outcome is a comprehensive analysis of recent trends and challenges related to corporate social responsibility in the financial sector, particularly regarding human rights in the digital era.

tony hu

No abstract is available for this record.

Aleaddin Özer, Murat Aydos

Blockchain technology has revolutionized numerous industries by providing decentralized, transparent, and immutable ledgers. However, its adoption is hindered by persistent security challenges, including arbitrage attacks, liquidity exploits, and noncompliance with antimoney laundering (AML) regulations. This paper proposes an enhanced framework to address these issues, combining dynamic pricing mechanisms, AI‐based anomaly detection, and regulatory compliance checks within a multilayered architecture. The framework is composed of five interconnected layers: the input layer for data collection and validation, the data warehouse layer for structured data classification, the processing layer for anomaly detection and pricing adjustments, and the decision layer for transaction validation, execution, and reporting. The integration of these layers ensures robust security and compliance mechanisms, reducing system vulnerabilities while optimizing efficiency. To validate the proposed framework, we conducted simulations using real‐world blockchain scenarios, including decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms and cryptocurrency exchanges. Results demonstrate significant reductions in arbitrage opportunities and liquidity risks, with improved accuracy in anomaly detection and compliance adherence. For instance, the dynamic pricing mechanism mitigated 87% of arbitrage attack attempts, while the AI‐based anomaly detection achieved an 89% accuracy rate in identifying high‐risk transactions. This study provides actionable insights and a scalable solution for enhancing blockchain security and trust. Future work will focus on integrating cross‐chain interoperability, real‐time threat intelligence, and privacy‐preserving techniques to further expand the framework’s applicability. By addressing critical vulnerabilities, this research contributes to the development of secure, transparent, and compliant blockchain ecosystems, paving the way for wider adoption across industries. Unlike previous blockchain security models, our framework introduces a real‐time, AI‐enhanced risk assessment mechanism that dynamically updates transaction risk scores, mitigating financial threats in decentralized environments. This holistic approach provides a scalable, explainable, and adaptive security system that not only protects decentralized financial infrastructures but also aligns with emerging regulatory requirements, ensuring long‐term applicability.

Rahma Almheiri

No abstract is available for this record.

Steven Paul Nohr

Oracles have become a foundational component of decentralized finance and cross-chain systems by enabling smart contracts to consume external data such as price feeds, timestamps, and event confirmations. However, oracles are fundamentally limited to validating facts and cannot determine whether a transaction or state transition is legally, contractually, or behaviorally permitted. As regulatory regimes such as the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) impose enforceable obligations on token issuers, service providers, and infrastructure operators, this limitation creates a critical enforcement gap. This paper introduces a Logic Validation Layer (LVL), implemented via the Crystal Validator™, which enforces jurisdictional, behavioral, and policy-based constraints directly within token execution paths. By separating factual data delivery, cross-chain transport, and logic enforcement into distinct architectural layers, the proposed model enables deterministic compliance without sacrificing interoperability, composability, or performance. The paper argues that while oracles remain necessary, logic-level validation has become unavoidable for regulated cross-chain finance.

Christopher K. Odinet, Andrea Tosato

No abstract is available for this record.

Hilary J. Allen

No abstract is available for this record.

М.К. Чижова

No abstract is available for this record.

Bruno Casella, Matthias Jakobs, Marco Aldinucci, Sebastian Buschjäger

No abstract is available for this record.

Miss Sheetal R. Billore

The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across critical sectors has intensified concerns regarding transparency, accountability, fairness, and ethical compliance. Conventional governance mechanisms are primarily centralized, limiting auditability and increasing risks of bias, manipulation, and data misuse. This research proposes a decentralized governance framework integrating blockchain technology to strengthen ethical oversight in AI systems. Blockchain ensures immutability, transparency, and distributed verification of AI operations, including data usage, model updates, and decision records. Smart contracts are incorporated to automate enforcement of ethical principles such as informed consent, bias monitoring, and regulatory compliance. The framework enhances trust among stakeholders by enabling traceability across the AI lifecycle while protecting data integrity. The proposed model is applicable to domains like healthcare, finance, public administration, and autonomous systems where ethical reliability is critical. The study concludes that blockchainenabled governance provides a robust foundation for responsible and sustainable AI deployment.

Arbee Mae L. Castro, Chanelie B. Tabliga, Patricia Antonette Merecido, Anthony Vince P. Bongo · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Fredrick Mito Ogodo

Entrepreneurship, innovation, and startup ecosystems have become central components of national development strategies, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where youth unemployment, income inequality, and limited formal employment opportunities remain persistent structural challenges. This paper presents a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 to examine how these interconnected elements contribute to Kenya’s socioeconomic development. Guided by the entrepreneurial passion theory and the risk-bearing theory of entrepreneurship, the review synthesizes both empirical and conceptual evidence across four thematic areas: job creation and poverty reduction; financing constraints and governance weaknesses; the role and reach of innovation hubs; and human capital and skills development. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship plays a significant role in employment generation, income creation, and technological progress in Kenya. Small and medium enterprises continue to absorb a substantial share of the labour force, particularly among youth. However, the study finds that the sector’s overall contribution to national development is limited by restricted access to affordable finance, inconsistent policy implementation, weak institutional coordination, and notable skill gaps among enterprise founders. These structural challenges reduce business survival rates and limit long-term growth. The review further finds that innovation hubs, including Nairobi’s iHub and university-based incubation centres, have created valuable support structures through mentorship, networking, and access to digital infrastructure. Despite these gains, their impact remains geographically concentrated and does not adequately address the needs of entrepreneurs operating outside major urban centres. Moreover, many programs do not sufficiently respond to practical business management and financing challenges faced by early-stage enterprises. The paper concludes that achieving Kenya’s Vision 2030 development objectives requires a coordinated and sustained strategy. The study therefore recommended that the government should strengthen entrepreneurship education, expand access to blended financing, decentralize innovation infrastructure, and improve institutional coordination to promote sustainable enterprise development in Kenya

Manju Bhardwaj, Shweta Sankhwar, Ojasvi Yadav, Rinkal Bhadauria · 6 authors

Over the past decade, decentralized digital currencies have gained prominence in finance and technology, but their growth has also drawn adversaries exploiting security vulnerabilities. This paper reviews the literature on cryptocurrency and security using bibliometric analysis of Web of Science and Scopus articles published between 2013 and May 2025. Tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were employed to explore key trends, influential contributors, collaborative networks, and emerging themes. A novel contribution of this study is the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to address inconsistent affiliation formats, enabling accurate identification of leading academic organizations. The results demonstrate that LLM-based harmonization effectively prevents misrepresentation in bibliometric datasets. Overall, this study not only summarizes evolving research trends in cryptocurrency and security but also highlights the potential of LLMs to enhance bibliometric methods, suggesting broader applications for improving the accuracy and reliability of future scholarly analyses.

Danae Maniatis, Kathryn J. Jeffery

Abstract The Congo Basin, comprising the world’s second-largest tropical rainforest, presents both critical environmental challenges and unique opportunities for sustainable development. This chapter evaluates key pathways for environmentally sustainable development in the region, with an emphasis on extractive industries, renewable energy, agroforestry, biodiversity conservation, ecotourism, and climate and carbon finance. Using regional indicators such as the Fragile States Index (FSI), Human Development Index (HDI), and Environmental Performance Index (EPI), the authors highlight the structural barriers—including weak governance, institutional fragility, and extreme poverty—that constrain the region’s development trajectory. Despite these challenges, the Basin’s ecological wealth offers potential for transformative interventions. Strategies such as Reduced-Impact Logging for Climate (RIL-C), sustainable mining practices, decentralized renewable energy systems, and integrated agroforestry models are analyzed for their capacity to reduce emissions, protect biodiversity, and enhance local livelihoods. The chapter further explores the potential of REDD+ and emerging carbon market frameworks to finance conservation and climate mitigation efforts. Emphasizing the role of participatory governance, indigenous knowledge systems, and scientific innovation, the chapter underscores the necessity of context-specific, cross-sectoral approaches to operationalize sustainability in one of the planet’s most ecologically and geopolitically complex regions.

Adaobi Ndukaji

No abstract is available for this record.

Damien Cubizol

No abstract is available for this record.

Anthony Chidi Nzomiwu, Francisca Uzooyibo Okoye, Benedict Iyke Okoronkwo

No abstract is available for this record.

Syed sajjad Shah

No abstract is available for this record.

Salvatore Furnari

No abstract is available for this record.

Sai Srikanth Madugula, jose Luis de la Rosa Esteva, Daya Shankar

This paper presents an integrated framework for decentralized invoice-backed loan underwriting combining interpretable machine learning, dynamic pricing algorithms, and on-chain trust infrastructure. We develop and validate SHAP-explainable ML models for real-time default probability assessment, design a Reverse Kelly AMM smart contract for optimal risk-adjusted loan pricing, integrate ERC-725 identity and on-chain reputation scoring with an automated insurance reserve, and deploy the system on Ethereum testnet with end-to-end functional and security testing. Stress testing across simulated default and fraud scenarios demonstrates the model achieves AUC-ROC of 0.89 on validation data, maintains LP yields of 12–18% under normal conditions while containing non-performing loan ratios below 3% under adverse scenarios, and sustains reserve solvency across 95th percentile stress events. The framework addresses critical gaps in DeFi lending by bridging regulatory interpretability requirements with decentralized credit assessment, demonstrating both technical feasibility and economic viability for permissionless SME financing at scale.

А.М. Нікончук, Н.Т. Мрочко

The article examines the role of blockchain and financial technologies in ensuring the transparency of operations with virtual assets in the context of the digital transformation of the financial system. It is substantiated that the development of financial technologies is one of the key drivers of the modernization of contemporary financial markets, shaped by global processes of digitalization, innovation, and changes in the economic behavior of market participants. It is determined that financial technologies form a new architecture of the financial system and contribute to increased efficiency, accessibility, and transparency of financial services.The study analyzes global and national factors influencing the development of financial technologies. Among them, particular emphasis is placed on the digitalization of the economy, the advancement of blockchain technologies and decentralized finance, changes in consumer expectations, the globalization of financial markets, as well as institutional, regulatory, and infrastructural challenges at the national level. It is demonstrated that the combination of these factors determines the pace and directions of the implementation of innovative financial solutions, particularly in the sphere of virtual asset circulation.The paper explores the economic essence of virtual assets as digital objects that possess value and operate within a digital environment based on distributed ledger technologies. The main types of virtual assets include cryptocurrencies, tokens, stablecoins, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Their economic functions, specific characteristics, and risks associated with high volatility and the cross-border nature of their circulation are systematized.Special attention is paid to the impact of financial technologies on the management of virtual assets. It is substantiated that the use of blockchain platforms, smart contracts, analytical and monitoring financial solutions, digital custodial services, and regulatory instruments contributes to enhancing transparency, accountability, and controllability of operations with virtual assets.The study systematizes practical solutions for ensuring the transparency of operations with virtual assets and identifies their impact on building trust, reducing operational risks, and improving the effectiveness of financial control.It is concluded that the transparency of operations with virtual assets is formed through the comprehensive integration of blockchain and financial technologies into a unified digital financial infrastructure, where the maximum effect is achieved through their combined application. Ensuring transparency in virtual asset operations is systemic in nature and requires the integration of technological, organizational, and regulatory instruments. In this context, blockchain and financial technologies act not only as technical tools for recording transactions but also as key drivers of trust, efficiency, and stability in digital financial markets.The necessity of combining technological, organizational, and regulatory instruments is emphasized, along with maintaining a balance between the transparency of financial operations and the protection of confidential data. Prospects for further research are identified, including the evaluation of the effectiveness of financial technology implementation across different segments of the financial market and the development of regulatory models for the circulation of virtual assets.

Caleb Price, Mckenzie Curtis

No abstract is available for this record.

Lin William Cong, Simon Mayer, Daniel Rabetti

No abstract is available for this record.