The global Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Market is experiencing exponential growth, valued at USD 29.05 billion in 2024 and expected to reach USD 44.79 billion by 2025. By 2030, the market is projected to surge to USD 390.47 billion, expanding at an impressive CAGR of 54.2% from 2025 to 2030. This rapid expansion is driven by increasing financial inclusion needs, rising cryptocurrency adoption, and strong institutional interest. DeFi leverages blockchain technology to eliminate intermediaries and provide open, permissionless financial services such as lending, borrowing, trading, and yield generation. While high-growth potential and innovation define the industry, challenges related to smart contract security and regulatory uncertainties remain. However, the growing penetration of smartphones, expanding internet access, and large unbanked global populations provide significant market opportunities. This manuscript highlights the market dynamics, technological drivers, regional insights, challenges, and future outlook shaping the global decentralized finance landscape.
The manuscript should contain an abstract. The abstract should be self-contained and citation-free and should not exceed 300 words. The abstract should state the purpose, approach, results, and conclusions of the paper. The author should assume that the reader has some knowledge of the subject but has not read the paper. Thus, the abstract should be intelligible and complete in itself (no numerical references); it should not cite figures, tables, or sections of the paper. The abstract should be written using the third person instead of first per-son. This study examines the potential of Web3 technologies to enhance accounting transparency in government budgets through a survey of academics and professionals in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A structured questionnaire with 25 statements across five dimensions was administered to 55 respondents (74.55% academics in accounting/finance, 20% professionals from the Board of Supreme Audit) using a five-point Likert scale, with data analyzed via SPSS V.27. The empirical results extensively validate Web3's application in enhancing governmental financial transparency. Although the theoretical framework emphasized blockchain immutability as the foundation, statistical evidence revealed stronger endorsement for smart contracts (mean = 4.167) and real-time access (mean = 4.06) compared to blockchain immutability (mean = 4.047). All hypotheses were validated at a p < 0.000 significance level. Decentralized recordkeeping (mean = 4.12) and interoperability (mean = 4.116) also received strong support, highlighting the need for internal control and cross-government reconciliation. The stronger support for smart contracts and real-time access reflects stakeholders' prioritization of practical, user-facing applications over underlying infrastructure. These tools offer immediate automation of budget controls, measurable cost savings, and direct citizen engage-ment—addressing urgent transparency challenges in the Kurdistan Region context more directly than blockchain's foundational security features. From an accounting perspective, Web3 supports fundamental financial reporting principles: blockchain immutability aligns with reliability of accounting records; smart contracts function as programmed spending controls enhancing compliance and restricting unauthorized ex-penditures; real-time access corresponds to timeliness and disclosure principles, enabling continuous monitoring by citizens and oversight agencies; while decentralization and interoperability strengthen internal control and promote consistency across governmental financial sys-tems. While blockchain provides essential recordkeeping infrastructure for transparent records, stakeholder priorities emphasize automation, accessibility, and integration. These findings suggest governmental accounting reforms should prioritize smart contracts and real-time reporting systems as primary drivers of financial transparency, with blockchain serving as the supporting foundation. The study recommends incremental adoption, development of real-time dashboards, integration with existing infrastructure, and establishment of supportive institutional frameworks.
The OPC UA protocol is becoming the de facto standard for Industry 4.0 machine-to-machine communication. It stands out as one of the few industrial protocols that provide robust security features designed to prevent attackers from manipulating and damaging critical infrastructures. However, prior works showed that significant challenges still exists to set up secure OPC UA deployments in practice, mainly caused by the complexity of certificate management in industrial scenarios and the inconsistent implementation of security features across industrial OPC UA devices. In this paper, we present Pk-IOTA, an automated solution designed to secure OPC UA communications by integrating programmable data plane switches for in-network certificate validation and leveraging the IOTA Tangle for decen- tralized certificate distribution. Our evaluation is performed on a physical testbed representing a real-world industrial scenario and shows that Pk-IOTA introduces a minimal overhead while providing a scalable and tamper-proof mechanism for OPC UA certificate management.
The increasingly sophisticated environment in which attackers operate makes software security an even greater challenge in open-source projects, where malicious packages are prevalent. Static analysis tools, such as Malcontent, are highly useful but are often incapable of dealing with obfuscated malware. Such situations lead to an unreasonably high rate of false positives. This paper highlights that dynamic analysis, rather than static analysis, provides greater insight but is also more resource-intensive for understanding software behaviour during execution. In this study, we enhance a dynamic analysis tool, package-analysis, to capture key runtime behaviours, including commands executed, files accessed, and network communications. This modification enables the use of container sandboxing technologies, such as gVisor, to analyse potentially malicious packages without significantly compromising the host system.
This paper investigates the strategic role of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) in transforming Africa's financial landscape. It argues that a blockchain-based architecture is a critical tool for addressing two of the continent's most pressing economic challenges: inefficient cross-border payments and the erosion of monetary sovereignty from stablecoin adoption. The analysis moves beyond a domestic retail CBDC model to propose a "Pan-African Payment CBDC Network." This framework leverages a permissioned distributed ledger (DLT) to enable instant, low-cost, and transparent multi-currency settlements, directly supporting the goals of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The paper further details how a sovereign digital currency can defend monetary policy by providing a safe digital alternative to stablecoins, improving policy transmission, and reinforcing the national currency as the primary unit of account. Finally, it critically examines the implementation challenges—including financial disintermediation, technical infrastructure, and political coordination—and offers a phased, collaborative roadmap for achieving regional economic resilience and sovereignty through digital currency innovation.
Zuroqi Mubarok, Himsar Silaban, Pandji Sukmana, T. Herry Rachmatsyah
This study examines the evolution and current challenges of Islamic education policy in Indonesia through qualitative document analysis, a PRISMA guided systematic review, and bibliometric mapping. Legal and regulatory texts, including Law No. 20 of 2003 (SISDIKNAS) and Ministry of Religious Affairs reports, were analyzed using the READ framework to trace thematic shifts. The review targeted 2021-2025 peer-reviewed literature on curriculum, financing, governance, and educator professionalism, with screening per PRISMA. Bibliometrics identified influential works and collaboration patterns. Findings show a shift from centralized control to decentralized, locally adaptive policy. Innovations include integrated curricula, sharia-compliant financing, and strengthened teacher development, yet disparities in administrative capacity and resource allocation persist, yielding uneven quality assurance. The study argues that harmonizing national standards with regional contexts, enhancing inter-ministerial coordination, and embedding maqasid al-Shariah principles are pivotal for equity and accountability. Future research should evaluate digital governance and financing models for scalability and sustained impact. Keywords: Islamic education policy, Qualitative document analysis, PRISMA, Bibliometrics, Curriculum
Grounded into Innovation Diffusion Theory and Technology Acceptance Model, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AI-powered financial services on financial access in the Saudi Arabian fintech sector. To achieve this aim, the research employed SEM analysis on the collected data from 194employees working in the departments related to AI-based services, staff members of fintech firms, and owners of small enterprises who use digital financial solutions in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. The results reveal that AI-based robo-advisory platforms, fraud detection, and credit scoring servicessignificantly improved financial access demonstrating that AI adoption in financial services can play a transformative role in promoting inclusion and reducing barriers for underserved populations whereas AI-based personalized banking solutions showed insignificant impact suggesting that while personalization may enhance user satisfaction or loyalty, it does not directly translate into increased access to financial services. In practical terms, the findings imply that fintech companies and financial institutions should prioritize AI-enabled services as a means of expanding access to professional financial advice which requiresa multi-stakeholder approach, where fintech firms, regulators, and policymakers collaborate to maximize the benefits of AI-powered financial services while minimizing associated risks. Furtherresearch should be carried out adopting longitudinal design and mixed methodology to study the role of emerging technologies such as blockchain-based identity verification, AI-driven insurance, or decentralized finance platforms on financial access.
This work proves a formal impossibility theorem stating that no observable behavioral or biometric signal can serve as a cryptographic secret under standard semantic security notions (IND-CPA / IND-CCA), in any computational model admitting machine learning approximation and side-channel observability. The result holds in classical, post-quantum, and hybrid adversarial models. We further derive strict architectural consequences for biometric authentication, fuzzy extractors, and behavioral identification systems, showing that such signals may only function as zero-knowledge liveness proofs, not as entropy sources for cryptographic key material.
R. Krishnan, A.G. Samuelson, Emily Yao, Ethan Cecchetti
Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge (NIZK) proofs, such as zkSNARKS, let one prove knowledge of private data without revealing it or interacting with a verifier. While existing tooling focuses on specifying the predicate to be proven, real-world applications optimize predicate definitions to minimize proof generation overhead, but must correspondingly transform predicate inputs. Implementing these two steps separately duplicates logic that must precisely match to avoid catastrophic security flaws. We address this shortcoming with zkStruDul, a language that unifies input transformations and predicate definitions into a single combined abstraction from which a compiler can project both procedures, eliminating duplicate code and problematic mismatches. zkStruDul provides a high-level abstraction to layer on top of existing NIZK technology and supports important features like recursive proofs. We provide a source-level semantics and prove its behavior is identical to the projected semantics, allowing straightforward standard reasoning.
The paper applies the Quantum Measurement Units (QMU) ledger and the Aether Physics Model (APM) to a curated set of magnetic anisotropy materials in order to test whether the substrate curl of the aether unit has observable consequences at the materials level. In the APM, the magnetic sector is organized around the Aether-unit curl\[\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{APM}} = \frac{{e_\mathrm{emax}}^{2}}{m_{e}\,\lambda_{C}},\]which quantifies torsional stiffness of distributed charge at the geometric scale set by the electron mass $m_{e}$ and Compton wavelength $\lambda_{C}$. Curl enters the canonical aether ledger through\[A_{u}\,\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{APM}} = {F_q}^{2}\,{\lambda_C}^{2},\]linking the rotating magnetic field stiffness $A_{u}$ to the intrinsic torsional response ${F_q}^{2}\,{\lambda_C}^{2}$ of the substrate. Starting from legacy anisotropy fields $H_{k}^{\mathrm{legacy}}$ and remanent fields $B_{r}^{\mathrm{legacy}}$, the article uses the charge-conversion factor (CCF) rules for singular-to-distributed charge to construct a QMU curl estimator,\[\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{mat}}^{\mathrm{QMU}} = \frac{H_{k}^{\mathrm{QMU}}}{B_{r}^{\mathrm{QMU}}} = \frac{H_{k}^{\mathrm{legacy}}}{B_{r}^{\mathrm{legacy}}}\,\mathrm{ccf}_{e}^{2},\qquad\mathrm{ccf}_{e} = \frac{{e_\mathrm{emax}}^{2}}{e},\]so that the materials-level quantity $\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{mat}}^{\mathrm{QMU}}$ is directly comparable to the substrate curl $\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{APM}}$ in the ledger. Numerically, the separation between hard and soft magnets already resides in the ratio $H_{k}^{\mathrm{legacy}}/B_{r}^{\mathrm{legacy}}$; the QMU mapping interprets this ratio as a dimensionless fraction of Aether-unit torsional stiffness. Using QMU-only processing on a set of 29 materials with well-formed anisotropy and remanence data, the article finds that nearly all hard magnets occupy a high-curl band, while four amorphous soft magnets lie in a much lower curl band, separated by more than an order of magnitude in\[\frac{\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{Hard}}^{\mathrm{QMU}}}{\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{Soft,\,core}}^{\mathrm{QMU}}} \approx 56.\]A single soft cubic alloy, Fe$_{0.47}$Co$_{0.53}$, appears as a notable outlier:\[\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{mat}}^{\mathrm{QMU}} \approx -9.285\times 10^{-30},\]with a magnitude comparable to hard magnets but opposite sign. The article treats this honestly as an open question: it may signal a measurement or curation issue in the legacy data, or it may indicate a distinct geometric phase of the distributed charge, where the torsion sign is flipped while the magnitude remains hard-like. Within the APM, such behavior is consistent with geometry-driven state transitions in tight regimes, as seen when key ledger ratios move between special values (for example, near $16\pi^{2}$). The study defines a QMU hardness index\[H_{\mathrm{curl}} = \frac{\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{mat}}^{\mathrm{QMU}}}{\mathrm{curl}_{\mathrm{APM}}},\]interpreted as a fraction of the aether-unit torsional stiffness. Hard magnets cluster in a narrow band of $H_{\mathrm{curl}}$, soft amorphous magnets lie significantly below this band, and Fe$_{0.47}$Co$_{0.53}$ provides a concrete outlier test of the curl definition. All derivations close in the QMU ledger; no legacy unit systems appear in the main text, and legacy quantities are used only as intermediates for charge-conversion. Beyond reporting this initial pattern, the paper outlines a program of future work: extending the dataset to hundreds of materials, performing QMU-aware measurements of anisotropy and remanence, and scanning families of magnets across geometric thresholds in the APM ledger to search for additional curl sign changes or quantized curl bands. These experiments are fully falsifiable within the QMU framework and provide a direct connection between APM substrate geometry and macroscopically measurable magnetic hardness.
Open access
2 source records
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
<p>Document forgery remains a pervasive problem across education, government, and trade sectors. This paper presents a blockchain-based digital document verification system built on the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP). The approach computes SHA‑256 hashes of documents and anchors them to ICP canister smart contracts, ensuring integrity and non-repudiation without storing document contents. The system manages a registry of approved verifiers so that only trusted institutions can enroll documents. In evaluation with 15 documents (85–3025 KB) and five repeated trials per document, the prototype achieved an average verification time of 1.54 s and an accuracy of 99%. Compared with Ethereum-based baselines in prior work, the ICP-based design avoids gas fees and reduces verification latency. The proposed architecture supports future integration of zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to validate authenticity while preserving privacy.</p>
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Big Data and Digital Economy
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
The digitalization of global economic relations has redefined the foundations of consumption, investment, and financial intermediation, positioning e-commerce and digital finance as central pillars of the contemporary economic model. The rapid integration of online trade platforms, fintech ecosystems, and algorithmic payment systems has not only transformed consumer behavior but also reshaped the mechanisms of capital formation and resource distribution. Ecommerce functions as an accelerator of market accessibility and competition, while digital finance provides the structural infrastructure necessary for transactional transparency, financial inclusion, and liquidity circulation in data-driven markets. In emerging economies, these instruments collectively stimulate entrepreneurial activity, reduce transaction costs, and expand cross-border investment flows. The research emphasizes that the synergy between digital trade and financial technologies generates a new consumption–investment paradigm characterized by personalization, real-time decision-making, and decentralized trust mechanisms. At the same time, the sustainability of this paradigm depends on the robustness of digital infrastructure, cybersecurity frameworks, and institutional adaptability to technological disruption. The study concludes that e-commerce and digital finance are not isolated innovations but interdependent drivers of structural modernization that integrate consumer dynamics with investment behavior, forming the analytical nucleus of the digital economy.
This record contains the official verified source code evidence for the LitiumLIC (LIC) smart contract deployed on the BNB Smart Chain (BSC). The file includes the Verified Source extract from BscScan, timestamped and hashed using SHA256, confirming that the published source code exactly matches the on-chain bytecode. This record serves as an independent timestamped publication for exchange due diligence, compliance, and authenticity verification.
The rise of counterfeit medicines poses serious health risks to the public and threatens the credibility of pharmaceutical companies. Blockchain technology is gaining attention for its potential to enhance the security and transparency of the pharmaceutical supply chain. This study compares the performance of two blockchain platforms, Ethereum and Nexus, in detecting and preventing counterfeit drugs. A virtual observation system was used to examine how Ethereum and Nexus addressed major challenges in counterfeit drug prevention. Two specialists with expertise in both blockchain technology and healthcare evaluated the platforms using two assessment tools: The Global Quality Scale (GQS) to measure overall effectiveness and the modified DISCERN scale to assess credibility of the information. Nexus outperformed Ethereum in both effectiveness and credibility. Evaluator 1 reported median GQS scores of 4.5 for Nexus and 3.8 for Ethereum, while Evaluator 2 reported scores of 4.2 and 3.8, respectively. These findings indicate that Nexus demonstrated higher efficiency in detecting fake drugs and ensuring supply chain integrity. Blockchain technology shows promise in strengthening pharmaceutical supply chain security. Between the two platforms studied, Nexus was found to be more effective than Ethereum in preventing counterfeit drugs. These results provide valuable insights for pharmaceutical stakeholders and policymakers seeking to implement blockchain-based solutions for drug tracking and security.
Abstract Since their 1994 uprising, Zapatista communities have built social, political, and economic alternatives within autonomous territories, setting an example for multiple Transformation Initiatives and social movements globally. Focusing on economic solidarity through coffee distribution, this article investigates how the boundaries between being inside, beyond, or against the state and the market are relationally conceived and performed by autonomous peasants and European activist networks. The study is based on multiple fieldworks between Europe and Chiapas and years of engaged research. Beyond dual rationalizations between silent and loud resistance, I argue that anticapitalist worlds surrounding Zapatismo connect everyday forms of struggle with broader, structural hopes for change through transnational alliances. It is the existence of an organized infrastructure that allows this form of trade to reproduce its own antagonism, in constant tension against the state, reified as the ultimate perpetrator of the neoliberal order. Revisiting informality through the lenses of anti-systemic movements allows us to decentralize resistance, encompassing non-hegemonic processes from below (and to the left) that cannot be reduced to Western categories nor trivialized as the sole weapons in the hands of voiceless and powerless societies. Articulating Marxist anthropology with decolonial thought through the framework of Zapatista autonomy suggests that it is not enough to categorize resistance as visible or invisible, formal or informal. The study of economic solidarity surrounding the Zapatista experience provides an understanding of the complex realities of anticapitalist resistances today, where collective organization is as much about survival as it is about reimagining power and economy.
Abstract Although decentralization is frequently used to improve service delivery and development, the impact of symmetrical fiscal decentralization on local government authorities ( lga s) and fair development has not been thoroughly investigated. Whilst symmetrical decentralization allows lga s to collect revenue and finance development projects, there are disparities among lga s in their ability to collect sufficient revenue and implement development projects. This study goes beyond prior research by investigating the way differences in the financial capacity of lga s affect development in various regions of Tanzania using a review of recent audit reports and studies. Results indicate that while certain lga s have shown a strong ability to collect revenue, others struggle considerably, due to factors such as historical background, revenue sources, population variations, urban-rural divides, and citizen awareness. Furthermore, the intergovernmental transfers, intended as an equalization strategy, have led to lga s remaining highly dependent on the central government and subject to the central government’s financial capacity. This study concludes that symmetrical fiscal decentralization in Tanzania has not achieved its intended goals. Despite some lga s over-collecting revenue, most remain heavily dependent on intergovernmental transfers, which are inconsistently distributed and often politically influenced, thus intensifying uneven development trends. The study recommends updating the 1998 policy to integrate asymmetrical decentralization, amending the Local Government Acts of 1982, building capacity to lga s, and shifting the central government’s role from controller to supporter.
The rapid rise of the gig economy has reshaped modern labour markets, offering flexibility but also exposing workers to instability, low protection, and algorithmic control. This paper explores how Blockchain technology and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) can address these structural challenges by decentralizing trust, governance, and value distribution. Drawing upon institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and network governance frameworks, the study analyses how blockchain’s core features—immutability, transparency, and smart contracts—enable fairer, more autonomous work environments. DAOs, as digital cooperatives, allow workers to participate directly in decision-making and profit-sharing, reducing dependence on centralized platforms. The literature reviewed highlights both opportunities and limitations: while blockchain can ensure transparent payments and portable reputations, issues of scalability, regulation, and digital inclusion persist. Overall, the analysis suggests that blockchain-enabled DAOs represent an emerging paradigm for equitable and trust-based digital labour, redefining how work, ownership, and governance operate in the gig economy.
The Fusion Civilization Research Institute (FCRI) presents this foundational white paper introducing the Proof-of-Justice (PoJ) protocol — a novel framework linking cryptographic truth, jurisprudence, and decentralized governance. Built upon the Synaptic Economics model, PoJ enables verifiable justice transactions across AI, finance, and civic systems. This paper outlines the theoretical basis, algorithmic architecture, and ethical rationale for building a civilizational operating system that merges law, logic, and consciousness into a unified framework for human and machine societies.
<p>Este boletim quinzenal gratuito visa analisar o comportamento do Bitcoin, um ativo financeiro digital, oferecendo notícias, análises gráficas e informações sobre as mais recentes novidades, softwares e aplicativos relacionados a essa criptomoeda. Nosso objetivo é enriquecer as discussões em torno da cultura do Bitcoin, colaborando com a Amauta, uma instituição de economia criativa que busca disseminar conhecimento sobre inovação, educação e finanças na comunidade acadêmica e empresarial. Esperamos que este trabalho represente uma contribuição valiosa para o debate.</p> <p>Reconhecemos a importância do Bitcoin e seu impacto na economia global, motivo pelo qual nos dedicamos a fornecer informações atualizadas aos nossos leitores. Acreditamos que ao promover discussões e compreensão sobre o Bitcoin, podemos incentivar a adoção e o uso responsável dessa tecnologia disruptiva.</p> <p>Para além das análises e informações sobre o Bitcoin, incentivamos ativamente nossos leitores a se educarem sobre finanças pessoais e investimentos. Acreditamos que, munidos do conhecimento adequado, todos podem tomar decisões financeiras inteligentes e bem informadas.</p> <p>Comprometemo-nos a fornecer informações de alta qualidade e precisas, esforçando-nos para manter nossos leitores atualizados sobre as últimas tendências e desenvolvimentos no mundo do Bitcoin. Esperamos que este relatório seja do seu agrado e contribua para uma compreensão mais aprofundada do Bitcoin e das finanças pessoais em geral.</p>
<p>This Zenodo record contains the verified smart contract source code for the TWLGF token project.</p> <p>The code has been published and verified on BscScan as an Exact Match. <br>This record provides an EU OpenAIRE DOI and long-term archive reference for the official contract source.</p> <p>Network: BNB Smart Chain (BSC)<br>Compiler: solc v0.5.16+commit.9c3226ce<br>Optimization: 200 runs<br>License: MIT</p> <p>Verified contract address:<br>https://bscscan.com/address/0xA45D0f9337eF5539d77c41e968137C391d1d7704#code</p> <p>This record complements other publicly archived TWLGF documentation:<br>• Internet Archive: https://archive.org/details/twlgf-bsc-scan-verified-source-2025-11-12<br>• GitHub repository: https://github.com/twlgfofficial/twlgf_logo<br>• Google Drive timestamped PDF (2025-11-12)<br>• Whitepaper DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/17516133</p>
In today’s educational landscape the proliferation of forged or manipulated student certificates undermines trust in academic credentials. This paper presents a blockchain-based solution for issuing and validating student certificates by recording cryptographic hashes of credential metadata on a distributed ledger and optionally storing full certificate files off-chain. Smart contracts govern issuance and verification, eliminating intermediaries and enabling instant, tamper-proof checks. The proposed system enhances transparency and integrity, reduces verification overhead, and empowers students and employers with direct access to credential authenticity. Challenges such as scalability, privacy of student data, cost of transactions, and institutional adoption are discussed with suggestions for future work.
The paradigm of enterprise analytics is undergoing a fundamental shift from centralized, reactive reporting to distributed, proactive intelligence. This review article evaluates the integration of machine learning models within SAP business intelligence frameworks operating across multi-cloud and hybrid environments. We analyze how the transition toward a federated data architecture, facilitated by SAP Datasphere, enables the deployment of high-performance neural networks without the traditional constraints of data replication. The study specifically examines the efficacy of Long Short-Term Memory units for temporal forecasting in SAP Integrated Business Planning and the role of unsupervised learning models in real-time financial anomaly detection. Furthermore, we explore the rise of augmented analytics and natural language processing in democratizing data access, alongside the operational necessity of MLOps to mitigate model drift in volatile global markets. The review also addresses critical technical and strategic barriers, including data latency across distributed cloud nodes, the harmonization of structured and unstructured data, and the evolving landscape of global data sovereignty. By synthesizing current performance benchmarks with future directions such as agentic intelligence and the integration of carbon accounting through the green ledger, this research provides a roadmap for architecting autonomous analytical ecosystems. We conclude that the convergence of machine learning and distributed cloud infrastructure is the primary catalyst for transforming raw enterprise data into a strategic, self-optimizing asset.
A rápida expansão das criptomoedas transformou o cenário financeiro mundial ao introduzir novas formas de transação econômica baseadas em tecnologia digital descentralizada. No Brasil, o crescimento do uso do Bitcoin despertou atenção do meio jurídico devido ao potencial emprego desse ativo virtual em operações de ocultação patrimonial ilícita. O contexto impôs desafios regulatórios e investigativos ao ordenamento jurídico, exigindo respostas normativas para prevenir crimes financeiros digitais. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a adequação do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro frente aos desafios impostos pela utilização do Bitcoin como instrumento de lavagem de dinheiro, especialmente após a promulgação da Lei 14.478/2022. A pesquisa utilizou abordagem qualitativa, método dedutivo e levantamento bibliográfico e documental, com base em doutrina, legislação e análise jurisprudencial. Antes da Lei nº 14.478/2022, o Poder Judiciário responsabilizava agentes envolvidos em crimes com criptoativos com fundamento na Lei nº 9.613/1998. Com o novo marco regulatório, houve fortalecimento de mecanismos de controle e rastreabilidade e ampliação do dever de cooperação de exchanges. A jurisprudência do STJ e do TRF-3 consolidou entendimento de que Bitcoin possui conteúdo econômico e pode ser objeto de medidas assecuratórias e responsabilização de intermediadoras digitais. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro encontra-se em processo de adequação progressiva para responder a riscos jurídicos e financeiros vinculados ao uso ilícito de criptomoedas.