The evolution of the metaversea collective virtual environment with shared immersion that includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), blockchain, and internet technologieshas created new entrepreneurial opportunities, particularly in virtual real estate. Metaverse real estate is blockchain-backed virtual land parcels that can be bought, sold, developed, and rented out in virtual worlds such as Decentraland, The Sandbox, and others. Unlike traditional physical property, ownership in the metaverse is guaranteed through non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to enable transparent and irrevocable proof of ownership. The new digital asset class has created novel entrepreneurial opportunities, including property development, virtual renting, event planning, advertising, and real estate services for virtual properties.Immersive technologies are utilized by entrepreneurs here to develop interactive 3D environments, so it is now possible to provide customers with experiences that are not limited by geography and physics. Virtual real estate development involves building interactive digital properties such as virtual offices, malls, galleries, and entertainment hubs, which can be commercialized via rentals, ticketing, sponsorships, and advertising. Early adopters have realized significant returns on investments, with some virtual plots appreciating by over 500% within months, underscoring the lucrative potential of this emerging market. The metaverse also fosters a democratized and inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem by lowering classical entry barriers. Virtual businesses require less physical infrastructure and less up-front investment, and entrepreneurs can experiment, prototype, and test business models with less capital exposure. Moreover, the global connectedness of the metaverse enables collaboration across heterogeneous expertise and markets, accelerating innovation and business scaling. This review paper integrates available scientific literature and scrutinizes entrepreneurship in metaverse real estate in terms of market dynamics, technological underpinnings, entrepreneurial strategies, challenges, and opportunities
The emergence of the metaverse has opened up new possibilities for businesses, entrepreneurs, and consumers, reshaping the way industries operate and interact with their audiences. As the virtual world expands, new business opportunities have emerged, allowing entrepreneurs to create innovative products, services, and experiences in entirely digital spaces. However, the potential of the metaverse for entrepreneurship remains underexplored. This research aims to examine how the metaverse offers new business opportunities and challenges for entrepreneurs in various sectors. The study utilizes a qualitative research design, conducting in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs and industry experts who are actively engaging with the metaverse. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically to identify key trends, business models, and challenges faced by startups in virtual environments. The findings reveal that the metaverse provides entrepreneurs with access to a global market, greater consumer engagement, and new forms of monetization through virtual goods and services. However, challenges such as technical barriers, user adoption, and regulatory concerns persist. Entrepreneurs leveraging the metaverse tend to adopt business models that include virtual real estate development, NFTs (non-fungible tokens), and immersive experiences. In conclusion, the metaverse presents significant business opportunities, but entrepreneurs must navigate various challenges related to technology, market dynamics, and consumer behavior.
The current study aims to explore the early adoption of the metaverse in the hospitality and tourism industry, with a particular focus on understanding adoption drivers for tourism providers and the anticipated benefits for end-users. Addressing the need for practical insights in a rapidly evolving digital landscape, the review identifies 33 real-world early cases of metaverse and non-fungible token (NFT) adoption, spanning from the first metaverse hotel in 2006 to ongoing digital twins of tourism destinations up to 2023. This study follows the PRISMA technique and examines early metaverse adopters at both the enterprise and destination levels, categorizing them into metaverse-based, NFT-based, and complementary-to-tourism cases. The analysis applies two theoretical frameworks: the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to examine adoption drivers and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess expected end-user benefits. Key findings highlight promotion, brand engagement, new revenue streams, and community building as primary motivations for adoption, while user benefits include enhanced entertainment, social interaction, improved decision-making, and immersive experiences. By bridging theory and practice, this study contributes both actionable guidance for tourism stakeholders and a theoretical foundation for future research on digital transformation in tourism.
Headlines globally have highlighted the role of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) within the metaverse in radically reshaping future retail in the digital world. Yet, NFTs are not fulfilling its disruptive potential in virtual marketplaces. Researchers must understand the strategic concerns of non-sellers of NFTs before theorising about long-term implementation, diffusion, and adoption. An exploratory case study of non-selling content creators is employed in this study. The findings of this study reveal that resistance to NFT sales is influenced by several factors including external influences, initial conditions, social responsibility beliefs and individual values. Whilst a lot of research has examined the positive associations with NFT (e.g. motivations to buy) this paper focuses on resistance from a seller’s perspective. It further provides a foundation for understanding resistance from individuals who are self-employed and thus sheds new insights for this domain. • Developed a conceptual model focusing on resistance to NFTs. • Focuses on self-employed individuals who could use NFTs to sell digital assets. • Moves beyond the perspective of NFT buyers. • Identifies social, psychological, and behavioural factors behind NFT resistance. • Provides propositions for further research.
Objective: This research aims to explore how elements of immersive brand experiences in the metaverse-including gamification, interactive narrative, social interaction, visual realism, and the use of blockchain technology and NFTs-contribute to emotional engagement, belonging, and consumer loyalty. Research Design & Methods: This study uses an exploratory qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques with more than 20 participants who actively interact with brands on metaverse platforms such as Roblox, Decentraland, and The Sandbox. Data analysis was conducted through a thematic approach to identify patterns of consumer engagement and perception. Findings: The results show that immersive experiences that are participatory and personalized drive strong emotional attachment to brands. Gamification increases intrinsic motivation, interactive narratives deepen the emotional experience, and social interactions form a sense of community. Realistic visualizations increase trust, while NFT ownership provides a sense of exclusivity and control that strengthens consumer loyalty. Implications & Recommendations: Brands are advised to design holistic metaverse experiences, integrating game elements, stories, communities and blockchain-based digital assets to build more meaningful and sustainable relationships with consumers. Contribution & Value Added: This research makes a theoretical contribution to the study of digital marketing and brand engagement by highlighting the importance of a multidimensional approach based on immersive technology in building consumer loyalty in the Web3 era.
Dušan Morháč, Kristián Košťál, Viktor Valaštín, Ivan Kotuliak
Abstract Interoperability is a critical aspect of fluent liquidity and healthy blockchain ecosystems. Achieving seamless interoperability within heterogeneous blockchains often proves challenging due to the inconsistencies in architecture, asset registration and management logic, implementations, and smart contract designs. These unresolved challenges frequently cause fragmented liquidity within ecosystems. This paper proposes a modular and novel solution, UniSpell, that works as a universal adapter to achieve seamless interoperability and overcome fragmented liquidity problems. This is possible by leveraging Polkadot’s native cross-chain protocol, XCMP, allowing developers to implement dApps that can source liquidity, cross-chain transfer, and swap assets within one line of code. UniSpell presents a framework that is easily extendable and applicable to multichain ecosystems outside of its native ecosystem, Polkadot. UniSpell’s primary goal is to cultivate a dynamic ecosystem by enhancing liquidity and encouraging the addition of new assets. This approach enables innovation and broadens the adoption of decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions.
Extended reality holds the potential to alter human experiences. This project explores user perceptions of peak experience (PE), a state of self-actualization and fulfillment, within augmented spaces and the potential role it can play for designers and developers to effectively engage immersive World Wide Web (Web3) communities. Semi-structured interviews, including an interactive experience stimulus, with key stakeholders in the Web3 space (staff from global immersive technology entities, brand collaborators, and community members, n = 15) were conducted. The findings reveal rich opportunities for users to experience surprise, delight, and a sense of connection and belonging in these spaces. They further suggest the potential to reshape and extend current user experiences by moving the focus of design toward crafting PEs. This holds great value for users to achieve a fuller sense of self-actualization and for content creators to connect to their communities in more meaningful ways.
Purpose Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are reshaping art markets and gaining strong stakeholder interest. While research has examined their applications in art ecosystems, their role in advancing Web3D markets remains unclear. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the impact of NFTs on the Web3D market and its impact on stakeholders, analysing 89 systematically selected articles. Findings The results of the study show that NFTs in the Web3D context can enhance privacy and trust through blockchain technology and protect intellectual property and ownership rights while influencing market dynamics, behaviour and investment strategies. Originality/value As the Web3D ecosystem grows, ongoing research and collaboration are critical to developing strategies that ensure sustainability, transparency and innovation in digital arts. This study is the first step in exploring these dynamics. Highlights
Sheshadri Chatterjee, Tomáš Klieštik, Zuzana Rowland, Martin Bugaj
Research background: Internet of Things devices and sensors, artificial intelligence-based digital asset trading and digital twin-based extended reality technologies, and autonomous robotic and enterprise resource planning systems can be leveraged in 3D semantic scene completion and metaverse-based commercial transactions across Internet of Things-based business environments. Distributed ledger and enterprise business technologies, shop-floor digital twin synthetic data, and 3D simulation and visualization systems configure integrated multi-physics workflows in hyper-realistic immersive industrial environments for artificial intelligence-based business value. Digital twin-based Internet of Robotic Things, robotic swarm and multi-modal machine learning algorithms (with regard to enterprise total factor productivity), and virtual and augmented reality simulation technologies are pivotal in spatial planning processes. Industrial product data and manufacturing value chain management support digital twin-based virtual factory modeling in collaborative immersive 3D visualization environments. Purpose of the article: We show that interconnected business process management and metaverse economic organizational structures, immersive economic and entrepreneurial knowledge image-based modeling (for big data-driven product development processes), and remote autonomous equipment control and monitoring integrate digital twin-enabled 6G Tactile Industrial Internet of Things, deep reinforcement learning and image processing algorithms, and event-driven signal processing for collaborative economic value co-creation. Deep learning-based visual recognition and industrial extended reality technologies, 3D production management modeling, and Internet of Things industrial and mobile sensing networks are pivotal in production operation management, as deep learning-based multi-source data fusion assists autonomous industrial manufacturing processes across interactive 3D immersive business and synthetic manufacturing environments. Collaborative robotic cyber-physical production and generative Artificial Intelligence of Things-based systems (in terms of managerial business value), artificial intelligence-based perceptual and cognitive technologies, and spatial mapping and machine intelligence algorithms enhance manufacturing process visualization, as industrial big data sharing and interoperability are functional in 3D semantic scene completion for sustainable business and economic growth across big data-driven immersive virtual industrial manufacturing environments. Methods: We inspected Tracxn (the Industrial Metaverse section) for the first 100 companies in terms of Tracxn score for X-corn status (i.e., Minicorn, Soonicorn, or none), total equity funding (USD), and company stage (i.e., Seed, Funding Raised, Unfunded, Public, Acquired, Acqui-Hired, and Series A, B, C, D), and identified three main topics for analysis that would lead to tangible business outcomes. We examined the performance management of shop floor virtualization: connected digital twins increase production and logistics process optimization in production environments across the industrial metaverse, facilitating photorealistic production system 3D modelling and simulation. We appraised integrated diagnostic functionalities of real-time simulation implementation for error elimination and machine parameter adjustment in immersive planned production lines by synthetic image data sets and collaborative workflows. We determined digital twin-based data synthesis operational procedures and interconnected use cases across industrial scalable infrastructures for value chain efficiency. Findings & value added: We identified the specific integrated operational simulation functions and production tasks, key performance indicators of shop floor autonomous and value creation systems, and industrial process parameters for predictive quality and fault detection, resulting in production loss reduction by use of industrial metaverse technologies. By use of operational data with regard to the technological management of the selected companies, quantitative analysis determines how immersive collaborative business process and extended reality-driven industrial metaverse technologies lead to economic value co-creation across 3D digital twin factories and cyber-physical manufacturing enterprises. The main value added derived from our research is that cloud-based collaborative 3D visualization and neuromorphic computing systems, 6G sensing and holographic simulation technologies, and machine intelligence and environment awareness algorithms (for business performance and productivity) can be leveraged in machine vision-based defect prediction, detection, diagnosis, and management. Virtual reality space convergence and object connection operate in Internet of Things-based sensing device performance monitoring across Internet of Things-based business environments. Virtual assembly lines and manufacturing enterprises necessitate machine learning-based production forecasting techniques, 3D object detection and tracking, and industrial autonomous and cyber-physical production systems, supporting spatial computing and predictive maintenance algorithms in collaborative immersive virtual environments.
<p>This paper examines the evolving challenges of intellectual property (IP) rights protection in the Metaverse, with particular focus on the intersection of traditional IP frameworks with emerging Non-fungible token (NFT) technology. While existing research has explored digital IP rights broadly, the unique characteristics of the Metaverse—its decentralized nature, platform interoperability, and novel ownership models—present unprecedented legal and technical challenges that warrant systematic investigation. The research addresses three key questions: 1) How do traditional territorial-based IP frameworks adapt to the borderless nature of the Metaverse? 2) What specific challenges does NFT technology present for trademark and copyright protection? 3) How can existing legal mechanisms be enhanced to provide effective IP protection in virtual environments? Through comparative analysis of recent case law from American and European courts, supported by examination of regulatory frameworks and technological capabilities, this study identifies critical gaps in current IP protection mechanisms. The analysis reveals that while NFTs offer new possibilities for digital rights management, their implementation raises complex issues regarding ownership verification, cross-platform rights enforcement, and jurisdictional authority. The paper proposes a three-tier framework for enhancing IP protection in the Metaverse: 1) Technical solutions incorporating blockchain-based verification systems with practical implementation considerations; 2) legal adaptations to address jurisdictional challenges; and 3) platform-level governance mechanisms. Each tier is evaluated against current technological constraints and legal precedents to ensure practical viability. This research contributes to both academic discourse and practical policy development by providing a structured analysis of Metaverse IP challenges and offering implementable solutions that balance innovation with rights protection. The findings suggest that effective IP protection in the Metaverse requires a hybrid approach combining adapted legal frameworks, technological solutions, and platform cooperation.</p>
Вячеслав Володимирович Осадчий, Катерина Осадча, Світлана Сімоненко
Rapid advances in digital technology are transforming higher education. The Metaverse, combining virtual, augmented, mixed, and extended reality technologies, blockchain, digital twins, and non-fungible tokens, offers an exciting, personalised, and interactive learning experience, making it a powerful tool in modern higher education. In this paper, the authors set out to analyse scientific sources that highlight the use of the Metaverse in combination with AI technologies to improve higher educa-tion. To achieve this goal, scientific papers were selected from three international scientometric data-bases (Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC), a search strategy was developed based on key search queries and inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a bibliometric analysis and narrative review of the selected scien-tific papers was conducted. Using bibliometric analysis in VOSviewer, network visualisation was per-formed to analyse and display the co-occurrence of keywords in the selected scientific publications. A narrative review of the papers selected according to the established criteria was used to identify ways to combine the Metaverse with AI technologies to enhance higher education; the main directions include the creation of user-friendly and useful environments and their expansion to virtual university campu-ses, the implementation of AI capabilities for security in the Metaverse, creating personalised user expe-riences based on their behaviour and preferences, facilitating real-time communication, generating con-tent for the Metaverse, combining the physical and digital worlds, and implementing AI tutoring.
This study investigates the correlation between the number of views and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) valuation, explicitly focusing on Sandbox land assets. This study uses data from the OpenSea marketplace to examine various valuation metrics, including current price, offer price, and floor price. It develops a digital investment valuation and analysis (DIVA) model to predict NFT valuations. This study employs a quantitative research design, incorporating descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to analyze the data. The findings reveal significant positive correlations between views, offers, and current prices, highlighting the critical role of attention in NFT valuation (Wang et al., 2021). The validated DIVA model demonstrates strong predictive power, explaining 75 percent of the variance in current prices. These insights are crucial for investors, creators, and platform operators, emphasizing the importance of visibility and engagement in maximizing NFT values (Sun, 2024). This study aims to contribute to the literature on digital asset valuation and offers insights that may inform investment strategies and market efficiency in the evolving NFT market. Future research should consider more extensive and diverse samples and explore additional variables to refine the valuation model.
• Decision Support System enhances player decision-making in the dynamic Metaverse. • Blockchain and NFTs can be used for accurate asset representation in the Metaverse. • Genetic algorithms optimize character traits under constraints in the Metaverse. • Genetic algorithms dominate over greedy in repeated games simulation. The Metaverse, a virtual world enabling user interaction with digital environments and assets, increasingly utilizes blockchain and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) to represent unique characters and items. Representing and valuing individual digital characters is crucial in the Metaverse as it establishes ownership, identity, and status within these virtual worlds. This research investigates decision-making within collaborative online games, where players face the challenge of optimizing their character's value through strategic NFT acquisition. This challenge is analogous to the Knapsack Problem, aiming to maximize the value of items selected within a limited capacity, just as players seek to maximize character rarity within budget constraints. We propose a Decision Support System (DSS) employing genetic algorithms to assist players in tackling this complex optimization problem. A simulation framework, based on the "SunflowerLand" Metaverse, demonstrates that players using the DSS achieve significantly higher character rarity, highlighting the potential of this approach to enhance player experience.
As immersive technology becomes more streamlined and accessible to larger audiences, it is imperative for advertisers and businesses to understand and engage in new spaces where prospective consumers are gathered. The introduction of the metaverse, a virtual hub of experiences, commerce, and impressions, for consumers through revolutionary peripherals such as virtual and augmented reality represents a shift in how online users and brands are positioned within the digital space. This thesis analyses the industry space and how brands, researchers, and consumers are utilizing revolutionary technologies to reconceptualize the idea of commerce, interactivity, and self-expression. This report and research have largely been conducted by interviewing industry experts across the globe and attending Web3 conferences, including DCentral 2022 in Miami, Florida, and serves as a detailed guide for marketers and brands to the utility of the metaverse found in the decentralized layout, incorporation of digital assets and product authenticity, as well as the increased opportunities found in innovative marketing research and development.
Introducción: En este texto se aborda la inclusión de personas con discapacidad visual en diversos grados en el ámbito del museo (físico y virtual), destacando la necesidad del diseño de espacios que permitan una mejor experiencia estética por parte de este colectivo haciendo uso de tecnologías hápticas, realidad virtual e integrando 3D/NFT’s en la creación de experiencias inmersivas y táctiles. Metodología: Se propone el uso de fotogrametría digital para la generación de gemelos digitales, así como Unreal Engine para su programación con retroalimentación háptica, y su posterior conversión a NFT (Non Fungible Tokens) e inclusión en plataforma digital. Resultados y discusión: de manera prospectiva se plantea una mejora significativa en cuanto a accesibilidad y experiencia estético-formal por parte de personas con discapacidad visual, justificada en fuentes que muestran que esta integración tecnológica facilita una conexión emocional y cognitiva más profunda con la obra de arte. Conclusiones: se recalca la necesidad de abordar políticas culturales inclusivas desde el ámbito de la museografía de contenidos, en colaboración con organizaciones especializadas para asegurar su implementación efectiva, impulsando la innovación tecnológica y fomentando una sociedad más equitativa.
This paper explores the evolution of digital art, tracing its development from the early experiments of the 1960s to the diverse contemporary practices of the 21st century. It examines key technological advancements, such as the transition from 2D to 3D art, the rise of the internet, and the integration of artificial intelligence, which have redefined artistic creation and audience interaction. The role of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and blockchain technology in the commercialization and authentication of digital art is discussed, as well as the impact of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in creating immersive art experiences. Additionally, the paper addresses ethical and philosophical questions regarding authorship, ownership, and the environmental impact of digital art. Ultimately, this study highlights the profound influence of digital technologies on art and offers insights into the future trajectory of the field.
Taisia Huckle, Kristen Mummert, Antonia C. Lyons, Tim McCreanor · 6 authors
INTRODUCTION: The study aims are to: (i) explore methods for identifying alcohol company marketing in metaverses; (ii) identify current types of alcohol marketing in metaverses; and (iii) identify dominant portrayals and meanings of alcohol marketing in these settings. METHODS: Our design was exploratory, employing various approaches to identify alcohol company marketing across multiple metaverses. In stage one, we systematically navigated through metaverses as an avatar, documenting and coding all instances of alcohol company marketing. In stage two, the research team collaboratively explored and discussed excerpts of this marketing. The team thematically analysed the transcribed discussion, identifying key meanings and interpretations of immersive and interactive alcohol marketing. RESULTS: Stage one: alcohol company marketing was identified in two metaverses, Decentraland and Sandbox. Within those metaverses were five alcohol company marketing experiences: Heineken Silver, Jose Cuervo Tequila, Wisher Vodka, San Matias Tequila, and Mason Martell Cognac. Marketing strategies included immersive commerce, virtual drinking, immersive branding, immersive engagement, gaming, non-fungible tokens (digital assets), education, non-player characters promoting brands and virtual event-based marketing. Stage two: themes identified were: (i) immersive branding, representing continued exposure to brands that were both foregrounded and on the edge of users' awareness; (ii) immersive engagement, including alcohol-related gaming, quests, and alcohol production; (iii) avatars simulating drinking behaviour (virtual drinking); and (iv) immersive commerce representing how metaverse alcohol marketing may drive alcohol transactions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Alcohol companies are using novel immersive marketing techniques in metaverses. The impact on the experiences and drinking behaviours of users are unknown and require investigation.
Paula Fraga‐Lamas, Sérgio Ivan Lopes, Tiago M. Fernández‐Caramés
Decentralized Metaverses, built on Web 3.0 and Web 4.0 technologies, have attracted significant attention across various fields. This innovation leverages blockchain, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), Extended Reality (XR) and advanced technologies to create immersive and interconnected digital environments that mirror the real world. This article delves into the Metaverse of Everything (MoE), a platform that fuses the Metaverse concept with the Internet of Everything (IoE), an advanced version of the Internet of Things (IoT) that connects not only physical devices but also people, data and processes within a networked environment. Thus, the MoE integrates generated data and virtual entities, creating an extensive network of interconnected components. This article seeks to advance current MoE, examining decentralization and the application of Opportunistic Edge Computing (OEC) for interactions with surrounding IoT devices and IoE entities. Moreover, it outlines the main challenges to guide researchers and businesses towards building a future cyber-resilient opportunistic MoE.
The Metaverse is like another world functioning parallel to the actual physical world. It merges physical reality with digital virtuality by the convergence of different technologies that enable interactions with virtual objects and environment. The complete immersive experience with metaverse generates huge data which comes with its own set of challenges, a major one being the security and storage of user centric data. Considerably, blockchain offers a significant solution due to its exceptional features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. For a detailed insight into the role of blockchain in the metaverse, the paper explores its usage in the healthcare industry. The paper then proposes a healthcare system named MetaBlock that is a fusion of both the metaverse and blockchain techniques. The paper discusses the components of the system from a detailed technical interpretation, such as data acquisition, data storage, virtual object and space simulation, data sharing and data privacy protection. Finally, an important research direction in terms of distributed consensus mechanism is discussed.
This article explores the metaverse in depth, from the literature to the latest technology trends. Key concepts such as Web3, blockchain, AI, VR, AR, haptic technology and the IoT are examined, framing the metaverse as a new space for human and digital interaction in an immersive 3D environment. It highlights how technological development has fostered debate on the prospects of the metaverse, which represents a new virtual frontier where human and digital interaction merge in an immersive environment. This sensory medium raises questions about human rights, especially in relation to privacy, property and digital identity, consequently, the following problem is formulated: To what extent is the protection of Human Rights appropriate within the metaverse?. Thus, the research was carried out using a qualitative methodology, which included an exhaustive analysis of the existing literature on human rights and emerging technologies, as well as case studies on virtual environments. Finally, it concludes by emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address the challenges of the metaverse, highlighting the importance of protecting human rights in this new digital environment.
Abdul Razzaq, Tao Zhang, Muhammad Numair, Abdulrahman Alreshidi · 9 authors
Abstract Metaverse—a three‐dimensional computational environment—combines physical and virtual reality to enable social relationships and immersive experiences by mimicking real‐world scenarios. Metaverse is considered the third wave of the internet revolution (exploiting Web 3.0), leveraging upcoming technologies such as extended reality and artificial intelligence shaping a new era of human–‐machine interactions. In recent years, increased research and development on educational technologies (EduTech) based on blockchain technology has seen substantial growth of metaverse‐based solutions within the higher education context. This research aims to synergize blockchain technology and metaverse environments to conduct online exams (metaExam) in a trustworthy, reliable, and secure way. The synergy between blockchain and the metaverse brings various benefits, such as improved security, cost effectiveness, and increased efficiency in the online examination process. One of the central features of the proposed solution metaExam is to leverage cryptographic protocols via blockchain to control data access, making verification faster and protecting against misuse. Exam scores and grades are stored on a blockchain ledger using a digital signature method to enhance security. We validated the proposed solution by testing a prototype on the Ethereum platform using the Sepolia Testnet network using Microsoft Windows environment. Evaluation results indicate (i) query response time (10–50 ms), (ii) and query execution performance (CPU utilization between 1%–5%) offering computationally feasible solution. This research contributes by integrating blockchain and metaverse technologies to offer a solution metaExam that can offer improved security and immersive user experience for exam management. The proposed solution and its validation can provide insights into transforming online exams, offering a fresh perspective on addressing concerns about exam grade authenticity and verifying academic credentials in EduTech.