Bitcoin, which was established in 2009, has turned into a worldwide cash. Bitcoin is a decentralized computerized money that isn't supported by any administration or national bank. It very well might be utilized to buy labour and products from retailers who acknowledge bitcoins. These bitcoins act as scrambled information lumps. This information is sent starting with one individual then onto the next, and the exchange is affirmed, i.e., cash is spent, requiring a lot of figuring ability to verify the singular exchanges precisely. The shared organization screens and ensures bitcoin moves between clients. It could be utilized to book inns, shop, do monetary exchanges, and even purchase computer games. The advancement of bitcoin digital money, the development of blockchain, and its utilization in certifiable substances are made sense of. This exploration paper will cover the ascent of Bitcoin in India
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
The emergence of cryptocurrencies has introduced significant shifts in the global financial landscape, and India is no exception. This research paper examines the impact of cryptocurrency adoption on the Indian economy, focusing on three primary dimensions: economic growth, financial inclusion, and regulatory challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis of market trends, policy developments, and case studies, the paper reveals cryptocurrencies have the potential to stimulate economic growth by fostering is dual-faceted, as they also pose risks related to market volatility, financial stability, and regulatory uncertainty. The study further explores how cryptocurrencies can enhance financial inclusion by providing alternative financial services to underserved populations but also highlights the challenges in integrating these digital assets into the existing financial system. By evaluating both the opportunities and risks associated with cryptocurrency adoption, the paper offers policy recommendations aimed at harnessing the benefits while mitigating potential downsides. The findings underscore the need for a balanced approach in formulating regulations that support innovation while ensuring economic stability and investor protection. DOI - https://doi.org/10.65525/SVUP.9788199651593.2025.90-105
Intellectual Property has been a classic and time-tested pillar of economic growth, an innovation engine, and a generator for creativity, and technological advancement. However, the 21st century marks the dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, one where the physical, digital, and biological worlds come together.This technological revolution, fuelled by breakthroughs in AI, blockchain, and decentralized economies, has spawned revolutionary shifts in the production, monetization, and taxation of intellectual property.In 2025 and beyond, traditional IPR thinking will be disrupted by the advent of a new generation of intangible assets in the form of inventions created by AI and holographic trademarks, virtual property, and non-fungible tokens. Not only do they disrupt the ownership legal regimes, but also exert pressure on the old tax systems built during the industrial age. While these intangible assets become the centre of the global economy, the existing tax systems lack the capability to manage the complexities of the digital era.We examine in this paper the challenges posed in the taxing intellectual property regime in India and the possible solutions. As the internet and metaverse grow, there is an urgent need to reexamine Indian taxation laws in taxing intangibleproperty like taxation in IPR.
This Article examines how platforms such as OnlyFans have transformed pornographic content creation and complicated the legal landscape for online sex workers. The COVID-19 pandemic, remote work, unemployment, celebrity influence, and shifting cultural attitudes toward sex work contributed to a dramatic increase in the use of subscription-based adult content platforms. At the same time, emerging technologies, including cryptocurrency, Web3, NFTs, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, have reshaped how pornographic content is created, monetized, distributed, and exploited. This Article argues that the growth of online sex work raises urgent intellectual property, privacy, and safety concerns that should not be dismissed because of the stigma surrounding sex work. Content creators face copyright infringement, unauthorized distribution, fake profiles, deepfakes, harassment, cyberstalking, privacy breaches, and exploitation, while existing platform protections and legal remedies remain incomplete. The Article further considers how AI and blockchain-based technologies may both empower creators and create new vulnerabilities. This Article calls for a more serious legal response to online sex work, one that recognizes pornographic content as protectable creative labor. Ensuring safe online sex work requires culturally competent legal representation, stronger education about intellectual property rights, thoughtful information policy for AI, and legal reforms that protect creators without undermining free expression or the safety of trafficking victims.
. This study aims to explore the transformation of human resource management in the Web3 era through a bibliometric analysis of global research trends. The research investigates how decentralized technologies, such as blockchain, smart contracts, tokenization, and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) reshape human resource management practices toward transparency, autonomy, and efficiency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach combined with bibliometric analysis, data were collected from the Scopus database (2020–2025) and analyzed using VOSviewer to map keyword networks, identify clusters, and determine research evolution. The findings reveal four major research clusters focusing on blockchain applications, human resource analytics, organizational transformation, and smart contract implementation. Results indicate a paradigm shift in human resource management from administrative functions to strategic, technology-driven roles emphasizing digital competence and data transparency. Moreover, the study highlights challenges in privacy, data regulation, and digital literacy as critical barriers to Web3 adoption in human resource systems. The research provides conceptual insights and a framework for understanding human resource management digital evolution, offering implications for policymakers and organizations to design adaptive, decentralized, and human-centered human resource management strategies.
A digital or virtual currency that is virtually impossible to counterfeit or double-spend is called cryptocurrency. It is protected by cryptography. The majority of cryptocurrencies are maintained on decentralized networks through the use of blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger maintained by various computer networks. This study aims to determine the degree of investor awareness of cryptocurrencies, as well as the preferences of investors across age and income brackets. Additionally, it will examine investor behaviour about crypto currencies and the awareness of various cryptocurrencies.
Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to examine the issues regarding accounting for cryptocurrency. An in-depth study of accounting standards is performed to scrutinise their appropriateness for the accounting of cryptocurrency. This research paper focuses on significant accounting aspects which are relevant for crypto accounting. The title of this paper is pointing toward the issues related to accounting for cryptocurrency which requires clarification. This paper will help in understanding the characteristics of cryptocurrency having relevance to business for accounting for them correctly as cryptocurrency has characteristics of currency as well as assets and can act as inventory for some businesses. This paper will analyse the accounting standards and accounting of cryptocurrencies in the financial statement of a company. This paper will also examine the requirement of making amendments to existing accounting standards or having a new accounting standard for the financial reporting of cryptocurrency. The qualitative approach is used in this research. Secondary data is used for this study as previous literature regarding the topic is used for collecting the data through published resources including journals and books. This study finds that cryptocurrency cannot be considered as a currency because of some of its characteristics but can be considered as inventory or intangible assets on the basis of the business model as it has a quasi-currency and quasi-asset nature. The accounting for cryptocurrency needs stand-alone standards to simplify its reporting in the books of accounts to compare financial statements and to maintain consistency in the financial reporting of cryptocurrency. This research area has a lot of potential regarding clarification and guidance of experts for avoiding future issues regarding the accounting of cryptocurrency.
Open access
3 source records
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore the opportunities and barriers related to the use of cryptocurrencies in tourism from the local community’s perspective. Cryptocurrencies are increasingly accepted worldwide, yet their use in tourism consumption remains limited. Evaluating the attitudes and readiness of residents in urban areas, particularly in Zagreb, is essential for assessing the sustainability of digital payment technologies in tourism. Methodology – The research was conducted in Zagreb and its surroundings, with a sample of 484 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, perceived security, intention to use, and perceived barriers and incentives regarding cryptocurrency usage in tourism. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test to examine relationships between key variables and sociodemographic factors. Findings – The results indicate limited awareness about cryptocurrencies, with more than 75% of respondents being completely unfamiliar or only superficially familiar with the topic. A small percentage currently uses cryptocurrencies, but there is substantial conditional willingness for future usage, particularly if regulatory, educational, and security issues are addressed. Statistically significant gender differences were observed in perceived awareness and trust in Bitcoin systems, with men exhibiting higher levels of awareness and trust compared to women. Contribution – This study provides valuable insights into local community readiness for cryptocurrency usage in tourism, highlighting the significance of education, trust, and regulatory frameworks. The findings can serve as a foundation for policymakers, tourism stakeholders, and digital innovators to develop strategies for the effective integration of cryptocurrencies into tourism economies.
The Nepali government has declared all cryptocurrency-related activities illegal due to its exclusive currency issuance authority and stringent foreign exchange regulations. This prohibition is based on robust anti-money laundering laws and the potential applicability of evolving digital legislation. The article also assesses the costs and risks associated with illicit cryptocurrency activities and encompassing severe legal consequences, financial exposure, and cyber security threats. Finally, it explores the paradox of Nepal Rastra Bank's exploration into a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), suggesting a recognition of digital currency's future while prioritizing national control and stability. The study concludes by emphasizing the imperative for public adherence to existing prohibitions while acknowledging the long-term trajectory towards digital financial innovation.
The emergence of cryptocurrency has radically threatened traditional fiscal institutions, presenting Indian policymakers with an unrivaled challenge in tax administration and revenue generation. This review takes into account the multifaceted complexities of taxation of cryptocurrency in India, addressing regulatory uncertainties, enforcement issues, and the relevance for tax revenue composition. Drawing on policy trends and scholarly literature at the moment, the present paper investigates India's evolving stance on digital assets—from absolute skepticism to cautious engagement—and how this reflects deeper anxieties around innovation and control. The argument draws on strategic management, technology disruption within financial markets, and organizational change management to situate India's policy measures in context. Even as the 2022 budget introduced specific tax provisions for virtual digital assets, significant concerns continue to exist about mechanisms for compliance, global coordination, and long-term viability of prevailing strategies. India's cryptocurrency taxation regime is discovered to be in the early stages, with adaptive strategies required to reconcile revenue and technological innovation.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force in the digital asset ecosystem, providing unmatched transparency, security, and efficiency. In India the rapid growth of the digital economy has fueled the widespread adoption of digital assets, with blockchain playing a crucial role in this transformation. The digital asset market in India has seen remarkable growth, generated significant revenue and spurring financial innovation. As of 2024, the average revenue per user (ARPU) in the sector is estimated at USD 2.09, reflecting its expanding adoption across a diverse user base. This paper explores the diverse applications of blockchain in India’s digital asset ecosystem, including cryptocurrencies, tokenized assets, decentralized finance (DeFi), and smart contract platforms. Blockchain addresses key challenges in traditional financial systems, such as fraud, inefficiency, and lack of transparency, by enabling secure and efficient asset management. The study also analyzes revenue trends and the economic impact of blockchain-driven digital assets, highlighting their contribution to the Indian economy. Additionally, the paper investigates India’s evolving regulatory landscape, examining policy developments and their impact on the adoption of blockchain and digital assets. The findings provides valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and investors looking to harness blockchain for economic growth and financial inclusion.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Tržište kriptovaluta jedno je od najmlađih financijskih tržišta, koje se razvija usporedno s napretkom digitalnih tehnologija. Osnovna obilježja ovoga tržišta proizlaze iz njegove nereguliranosti i izražene volatilnosti cijena, pri čemu se posebno ističe značaj malih investitora i pojedinaca kao aktivnih sudionika. Cilj ovoga rada jest istražiti utjecaj različitih bihevioralnih faktora na investicijske odluke i namjere ulaganja u kriptovalute. U teorijskom dijelu prikazana su temeljna obilježja kriptovaluta i financijskih tržišta, kao i ključni koncepti bihevioralne ekonomije. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na kognitivne pristranosti poput pretjeranog samopouzdanja, efekta FOMO, averzije prema gubitku i žaljenju, utjecaja influencera, gamifikacije te zablude kockara. Empirijski dio rada temelji se na anketnom istraživanju u kojem je sudjelovalo 208 ispitanika, a prikupljeni podaci analizirani su pomoću metoda deskriptivne statistike i višestruke regresije. Rezultati pokazuju da su pojedini bihevioralni faktori, prije svega FOMO, gamifikacija i kockarska zabluda, statistički značajni u objašnjavanju investicijske namjere. Takvi nalazi potvrđuju teorijske pretpostavke bihevioralnih financija te pokazuju da emocionalni i kognitivni obrasci značajno oblikuju odluke investitora na tržištu kriptovaluta. Zaključno, istraživanje doprinosi boljem razumijevanju ponašanja ulagača u kontekstu kriptovaluta i ističe potrebu za daljnjim proučavanjem utjecaja psiholoških čimbenika na financijsko odlučivanje. Dobiveni rezultati ujedno pokazuju kako tradicionalna financijska teorija, koja pretpostavlja racionalnost investitora, nije dostatna za objašnjenje investicijskog ponašanja na suvremenim tržištima.
This interim report provides a comprehensive overview of stakeholder perspectives on the opportunities and risks associated with the development and administration of fintech, distributed ledger technology and artificial intelligence in Aruba. The Government of Aruba aims to diversify its economy away from its reliance on tourism by developing its information and communications technology (ICT) sector. The report is based on consultations with stakeholders from the public and private sectors, civil society and academia, conducted during an on-site mission in February 2025. Key findings highlight the potential for Aruba to become a base for export-oriented ICT services, leveraging its strong infrastructure and well-trained labour force. However, challenges have also been identified, including regulatory and institutional constraints, limited job opportunities and the risk of brain drain. The report emphasizes the need for a supportive regulatory environment and targeted initiatives to foster innovation and competition in the ICT sector, ultimately contributing to Aruba's economic diversification and resilience.
Dr. Aashka Thakkar, Satyajitsinh Gohil, Nitesh Mishra, Mistry Neelam
The present research examines the most prominent five cryptocurrencies—Bitcoin, Ethereum, Biance Coin, Tether, and Solana—that are accessible in India according on the value of their market caps. It additionally highlights the benefits and drawbacks of each type of cryptocurrency as well as the advantages of some over alternatives. The article additionally outlines important aspects of the prominent digital currencies that are accessible in India. The study also concentrates on price assessment of the top five cryptocurrencies during the last year (1 years) as well as this study also indicate the contrasting of prices volatility of cryptocurrencies.
У статті розглянуто концептуальні основи впровадження RWA-токенізації як закономірного етапу еволюції веб-технологій до децентралізованої архітектури інтернету – Web 3.0; висвітлено еволюцію інтернету від Web1 до Web3; запропоновано концепцію RWA-токенізації; представлено структурно-компонентну модель дизайну RWA-токену; виокремлено переваги смарт-контрактів для RWA-токенізації, розглянуто хронологію розвитку токенізації активів; наведено схему процесу RWA-токенізації, що демонструє, як реальні активи перетворюються на цифрові токени, відкриваючи нові горизонти для інвестицій та фінансових інновацій. Встановлено, що в контексті цифрової трансформації економіки України, особливо у повоєнний період, RWA-токенізація може стати потужним інструментом, який здатний сприяти відновленню економічного потенціалу держави завдяки залученню інвестицій, трансформації традиційних економічних моделей та забезпеченню прозорості інвестиційних процесів.
A. S. (Ahmed) Al-Dulaimi, P. (Priya) Krishnan, L. M. (Lucas) Fernández
Ensuring workforce compliance has become a critical priority for global enterprises, particularly in sectors such as banking, healthcare, aviation, and logistics, where safety, security, and regulatory adherence are non-negotiable. Traditional drug testing, alcohol screening, and background verification workflows often rely on fragmented, paper-based, or siloed digital systems that introduce inefficiencies, data integrity risks, and audit challenges. These limitations hinder organizations from meeting the increasing demands of multi-jurisdictional compliance frameworks while also exposing them to reputational and legal risks. This article explores the design and implementation of a blockchain-enabled workforce compliance platform that reimagines the verification pipeline through the principles of immutability, decentralization, and cryptographic security. The proposed architecture leverages permissioned blockchain networks, integrated with smart contracts and distributed identity frameworks, to ensure that drug and alcohol testing results, criminal background checks, and employment verification records are securely stored, transparently auditable, and accessible only to authorized stakeholders. We present a comparative framework highlighting how blockchain-based compliance pipelines outperform traditional systems in areas such as tamper-proof recordkeeping, cross-border interoperability, and regulatory audit readiness. The study also emphasizes integration strategies with enterprise HR systems, third-party verification agencies, and global regulatory standards (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA, OSHA, and aviation compliance codes). Furthermore, the role of privacy-preserving technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs and decentralized identifiers (DIDs) is discussed in enabling compliance without compromising employee confidentiality. The findings demonstrate that blockchain-enabled compliance solutions deliver significant strategic value, including enhanced trust with regulators, reduced operational overhead, real-time verification capabilities, and a resilient defense against fraud or record tampering. By adopting a secure, transparent, and auditable compliance pipeline, global enterprises can build workforce ecosystems that are not only regulatory-compliant but also future-ready for emerging challenges in cross-border governance and digital workforce management.
Implementacija blockchain i NFT tehnologije u turizmu i ugostiteljstvu predstavlja novi pris-tup digitalnoj transformaciji u spomenutim sektorima, čime se pojavljuje potreba za istraživa-njem ove tematike. Temeljna tehnologija iza ovih pojmova, tzv. blockchian, tehnologija je poznata po kriptografskim blokovima koji osiguravaju siguran prijenos podataka čime je o-mogućen nastanak digitalnih decentraliziranih kriptovaluta i jedinstvene digitalne imovine koja se ne moze replicirati, tzv. NFT (Non-fungible token). U turizmu i ugostiteljstvu, ove tehnologije mogu revolucionirati način poslovanja, omogućiti bržu i sigurniju razmjenu in-formacija između dionika i time otvoriti prostor ka stvaranju inovativnih poslovnih modela. Završni rad analizira aktualne i potencijalne primjene ovih tehnologija, ističući ključne koristi i izazove koji proizlaze iz njihovog usvajanja. Analiza dosadašnje literature na ovu temu ot-kriva da su turizam i ugostiteljstvo među prvima prihvatili digitalne inovacije, prepoznavši potencijal blockchain tehnologije za unapređenje poslovnih procesa jer transformacija klasi-čnih centraliziranih sustava u decentralizirane blockchain platforme pruža dugoročnu konku-rentsku prednost tvrtkama u ovim sektorima. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno anketnim upitnikom, pokazuje da su turisti donekle upoznati s blockchain tehnologijom, iako se rijetko susreću s njenom primjenom u turističkim iskustvima. Ipak, većina ispitanika pozitivno gleda na širu primjenu blockchain tehnologije u turističkoj ponudi, što ukazuje na veliki tržišni potencijal za daljnji razvoj i istraživanja. Međutim, postoji nekoliko izazova koji prate još uvijek nedovoljnu implementaciju ovih tehnologija, uključujući pitanja sigurnosti, regulacije i interoperabilnosti. Osiguravanje povjerenja korisnika i usklađenost s propisima ključni su faktori za uspješnu integraciju blockchain i NFT tehnologije u turistički sektor.
Purpose The demand for halal food products is increasing globally. However, fraudulent activities in halal products and certification are also rising. One strategy to ensure halal integrity in the food supply chain is applying halal blockchain technology. However, to date, a few studies have assessed the factors and variables that facilitate or hinder the adoption of this technology. Thus, this study aims to assess the significant factors and variables affecting the adoption of halal blockchain technology. Design/methodology/approach A Delphi-based approach, using semi-structured interviews, was conducted with three food companies (chicken slaughterhouses, milk processing plants and frozen food companies). The cognitive best–worst method determines the significant factors and variables to prioritise halal blockchain adoption decisions. Findings The results showed that the most significant factors were coercive pressure and halal strategy. Nineteen variables were identified to establish a valid hierarchical structure for halal blockchain adoption in the Indonesian food industry. The five significant variables assessed through the best–worst method were demand, regulator, supply side, sustainability of the company’s existence and main customers. Practical implications The proposed halal blockchain decision structure can assist food companies in deciding whether to adopt the technology. Originality/value This study proposes 19 variables that establish a valid hierarchical structure of halal blockchain adoption for the Indonesian food industry.
Temeljni cilj ovog rada je bio prikaz razvoja dviju kriptovaluta tokom povijesti te njihove sličnosti, razlike i primjena. Ethereum i Litecoin se, za razliku od Bitcoin-a, obrađuju puno brže. Znatiželja je došla u tome, kako i po čemu razlikujemo kriptovalute, naspram fizičkih valuta država. Svaka valuta ima različite aspekte, poput Ethereum-a. Osim generalnih transakcija Ethera (Ξ), valute Ethereum-a, također nudi i razmjenu raznih medija, poput slika, zvuka, i ostale vrste. Današnjim razmišljanjima, kriptovalute su još daleko od prihvaćanja većinu ljudi, uglavnom zbog nesigurnosti.
This study innovatively intertwines technology adoption and e-learning by integrating blockchain and AI, offering a novel perspective on how cutting-edge technologies revolutionize learning processes. The present study investigates the factors that influence the behavioral use of learners to use blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) in e-learning. The study proposes the integrated model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Information System (IS) success Model that include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, system quality, information quality, and service quality as antecedents to behavioral use of blockchain and AI in e-learning. The model also examines the moderating effect of learner self-efficacy on the relationship between behavioral use and e-learning engagement and performance. The study collected data from 322 respondents and analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with a bootstrapping technique. The results show that the factors of TAM model and IS model have the significant and positive effects on behavior to use blockchain and AI in e-learning. Additionally, learner self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on e-learning engagement and performance, but it does not moderate the relationship between behavior to use blockchain or AI and e-learning engagement and performance. Overall, the study provides insights into the factors that influence the adoption of blockchain and AI in e-learning and offers practical implications for educators and policymakers.
Mehran Sabz Gashtasebi, Homayoun Yousefi, Mohammad Amin Kouhbor
Blockchain is a novel and disruptive technology that has the potential to transform the current international business and trade processes that rely on traditional intermediaries.It is a distributed ledger that verifies and records transactions using a peer-to-peer network over time in a sequence of blocks, secured by cryptographic functions that are complex, immutable and tamperproof.International maritime trade, which is the main mode of global transportation, expects to change its business model by adopting blockchain, which enables a decentralized architecture of international transactions without intermediaries and facilitates paperless trade.Moreover, blockchain aims to address the problems and inefficiencies that plague maritime trade.However, there are key factors that influence the adoption of blockchain in maritime trade that need to be investigated in order to successfully implement this technology in the future.This study examined the impact of blockchain technology on maritime trade and identified the factors affecting its acceptance in Iranian maritime trade using the research background, literature review and interviews with experts who were PMO managers.These factors were validated by the Delphi method and then categorized and prioritized using the theoretical framework of technology, organization, environment (TOE) and analytical hierarchy process.The results indicated that "blockchain benefits" in the "technology" dimension, "human resource capability" in the "organization" dimension and "government support and policy" in the "environment" dimension were ranked first.These findings could assist the stakeholders in Iran's maritime trade, such as ports, customs, government agencies, and transportation logistics companies, in developing strategies for the successful adoption and advancement of blockchain and enhancing their organizational competitiveness.