Blockchain technology has provided the transformation of a decentralized system as the concept can make transparency, immutability, and security available without centralized authorities. However, standard algorithms of consensus such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) consume excessive resources and energy with the cost of sustainability, and limiting the scalability of the blockchain and its performance in the environment. The energy efficient consensus algorithm has turned out to be an axiom in limiting the challenges and also protecting the network security and, performance. They are Proof-of-Stake (PoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS), hybrid consensus and adaptive validation techniques to reduce energy consumption and enhance throughput. Recent work has been done on streamlining selections of the validators to be more efficient, minimize pointless calculations and integrate crafty resource control in order to enhance the performance of consent [15]. It is presumed in the study that energy efficiency research will be conducted through consensus research consolidation based on adaptive validation, participation and weighted node of the consensus strategy that allows optimization in terms of sustainability. The methodology evaluates the energy consumption, throughput and latency and scalability together on behalf of simulated blockchain environments. The facts of the experiment results indicate that the specified framework can be used to reduce the number of energies consumed and guarantee the high degree of security and performance. The results confirm that the implementation of optimal consensus algorithms can be used to provide sustainable blockchain in such tools as IoT, healthcare, and supply chain. The current research contributes to the development of environmentally safe blockchain chains on an efficient consensus innovation.
Bitcoin adalah aset kripto terdesentralisasi yang dikarakteristikkan oleh volatilitas harga ekstrem dan fluktuasi non-linear, sehingga pergerakan harga di masa depan sangat sulit untuk diprediksi secara akurat. Ketidakstabilan inheren ini mendorong kebutuhan mendesak akan metode peramalan komputasi tangguh yang mampu menangkap dependensi temporal jangka panjang yang kompleks dalam data deret waktu univariat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan dan mengevaluasi efektivitas arsitektur Transformer berbasis Deep Learning untuk peramalan harga penutupan Bitcoin. Memanfaatkan dataset historis komprehensif dari tahun 2015 hingga bulan April 2026, penelitian ini mendayagunakan mekanisme self-attention sebagai inti arsitektur Transformer guna memproses data sekuensial secara dinamis. Pendekatan mutakhir ini berhasil mengatasi keterbatasan utama dari model analitik tradisional dalam menangkap pola temporal penting. Kerangka metodologi yang diterapkan mencakup operasi pra-pemrosesan data secara ketat melalui fungsi MinMaxScaler, proses pelatihan model yang dioptimalkan oleh algoritma Adam, serta pengujian out-of-sample komprehensif guna memproyeksikan perilaku pasar masa depan. Performa prediktif model dievaluasi secara kuantitatif menggunakan metrik kesalahan standar. Hasil empiris penelitian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi prediksi yang sangat luar biasa, di mana model yang dikembangkan sukses mencapai nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) sebesar $3.818,34, nilai Mean Absolute Error (MAE) sebesar $2.866,73, dan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) sebesar 3,12%. Lebih lanjut, proyeksi masa depan out-of-sample menghasilkan angka prediksi sebesar $78.247,73 dibandingkan dengan harga penutupan aktual senilai $78.294,00, yang merepresentasikan persentase tingkat rasio kesalahan absolut minim yakni hanya 0,059%. Temuan analitis ini mengonfirmasi bahwa model Transformer berhasil memitigasi overfitting dan unggul memodelkan volatilitas pasar ekstrem. Kesimpulannya, model ini siap mendukung keputusan investasi para praktisi keuangan global.
The protection of sensitive information in the financial sector requires a security architecture capable of preserving confidentiality, integrity, availability, auditability, and regulatory accountability across multiple institutions. Conventional centralized security models remain vulnerable to single points of failure, unauthorized access, data manipulation, and limited transparency in inter-organizational data sharing. Blockchain offers tamper-resistant records, decentralized trust, and verifiable audit trails; however, its direct implementation in financial systems is constrained by scalability limitations, smart contract vulnerabilities, privacy leakage, and conflicts between immutable ledgers and data protection principles. This study aims to develop a blockchain-based data security system for protecting sensitive financial information by integrating permissioned blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proofs. The proposed method adopts a consortium-oriented permissioned blockchain architecture, represented by Hyperledger Fabric, to ensure controlled participation, certificate-based identity management, endorsement policies, and auditable transaction validation. Smart contracts are designed as policy-enforcement components for consent management, access authorization, data commitment, revocation, and audit logging. Zero-Knowledge Proofs are incorporated to verify customer attributes, eligibility, and access rights without disclosing raw personal or financial data. Sensitive information is stored off-chain in encrypted form, while the blockchain records only cryptographic commitments, hashes, consent states, and audit events. The expected result is a security model that improves data integrity, controlled access, privacy-preserving verification, and compliance-oriented accountability while reducing unnecessary exposure of sensitive data on-chain. The implication of this research is the provision of a technically coherent framework for financial institutions seeking to adopt blockchain securely in regulated environments, especially where data confidentiality, auditability, and privacy compliance must be achieved simultaneously.
Hostels are an essential part of campus life in technical institutions, directly influencing student welfare, safety, and satisfaction. However, traditional hostel grievance management systems often face issues of delayed responses, lack of transparency, and potential data manipulation, resulting in a trust gap between students and administrators. This paper reviews how permissioned blockchain technology can transform hostel grievance systems by ensuring transparency, accountability, and tamper-proof recordkeeping. A hybrid blockchain architecture integrating institutional databases with a distributed ledger is examined for its ability to maintain verifiable complaint histories while protecting privacy. The study highlights the potential educational and administrative benefits of adopting such systems, including faster grievance resolution, fair decision-making, and improved trust within hostel communities. Recommendations are provided for technical institutions aiming to modernize hostel management through blockchain-based digital governance.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan meramalkan kinerja harga Bitcoin menggunakan pendekatan TimeGPT , sebuah model berbasis transformer yang dikembangkan khusus untuk data deret waktu oleh Nixtla. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, studi ini memanfaatkan data historis harga Bitcoin untuk mengidentifikasi pola dan tren melalui kemampuan pemodelan AI modern. TimeGPT , sebagai model pre-trained, memungkinkan analisis tanpa pelatihan tambahan (zero-shot learning) dan memberikan efisiensi dalam peramalan jangka pendek maupun menengah. Metode penelitian mencakup tahap pra-pemrosesan data, pemanfaatan API TimeGPT untuk menghasilkan prediksi, serta evaluasi hasil dengan metrik statistik seperti MAE dan RMSE. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa TimeGPT mampu menangkap volatilitas pasar Bitcoin secara akurat, dengan tingkat kepercayaan prediksi yang tinggi pada periode stabil seperti 2024–2025. Namun, pada proyeksi jangka panjang, model menunjukkan peningkatan ketidakpastian, mencerminkan sensitivitas terhadap variabel eksternal seperti regulasi dan sentimen pasar. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa TimeGPT merupakan alat yang unggul dibandingkan metode konvensional (ARIMA, GARCH, LSTM) dalam menangani kompleksitas data kripto, dan dapat digunakan sebagai pendukung pengambilan keputusan investasi, terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan analisis fundamental dan pemantauan pasar secara real-time.
Current systems used for managing research funding are breifed. due to fundamental structural issues They all have similar problem. This section consists of cluster of different symptoms. The management system is undermined by insufficient transparency. Poor verification of disbursement of research funding. conflicts regarding ownership and milestone accomplishments of. Intellectual Property We present the Research Integrity and. RIAC (accountability chain) for addressing it. RIAC is a permissioned system. the combined properties of the blockchain ecosystem. Evidencing ownership to one or many. alleviate the structural challenges of the funding management systems. The RIAC Framework comprises of three interoperating layers. on a permissioned blockchain platform namely accountability. a ledger for funders, a milestone tracker and a decentralised. Intellectual Property Registry These layers serve the purposes of. universities, public funders and industry partners jointly. N/A Analysis of the framework, depiction and phased deployment discussion. The expected advantages and risk analysis demonstrate that RIAC is not just a fancy concept. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that allows the transfer of value and record of asset ownership in a secure and/or transparent manner. It uses something.
This article discusses the practical implementation of a prototype academic transcript storage system based on blockchain technology and smart contracts. The digital transformation of higher education requires reliable mechanisms for ensuring the integrity and verifiability of academic documents. It presents the design and experimental validation of a blockchain-based system for storing and verifying academic transcripts within the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The proposed solution is based on an Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible smart contract implemented in Solidity and deployed on a test network. The testnet was used as the experimental environment, and transaction monitoring was performed using the BlockScout v11.0.3 explorer. The architecture of the TranscriptStorage smart contract is presented, including a role-based access model, a data indexing mechanism using keccak-256, and storage of transcripts in a mapping structure (bytes32 => Transcript[ ]). The experimental results confirm the successful recording of the Transcript in the distributed ledger, event recording (Logs), and the correctness of the ABI encoding of input parameters (Raw Input), as well as a change in state (State Changes) reflecting the fee payment. The use of events is shown to enable cost-effective third-party data verification without the need to store the entire text in the contract state. The comparative results showed that the proposed system reduced gas consumption by 804.5% compared to Blockcerts, 48.8% compared to ECertChain, 82.5% compared to ShikkhaChain, and 43.5% compared to zkEVM. These improvements were achieved while maintaining high scalability, robust privacy features, and security, making it a practical solution for Kazakhstan’s educational system.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan smart contract Ethereum dengan pendekatan hybrid untuk memperkuat verifikasi dokumen dan transparansi pada sistem crowdfunding beasiswa. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah rendahnya kepercayaan publik terhadap platform donasi pendidikan ketika dokumen persyaratan, status verifikasi, dan realisasi penggunaan dana hanya dikelola melalui basis data terpusat. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan perangkat lunak dengan model prototype yang mencakup komunikasi kebutuhan, perencanaan cepat, pemodelan desain, konstruksi prototipe, serta penyerahan dan evaluasi umpan balik. Sistem dibangun menggunakan Next.js, SQLite, Prisma ORM, Solidity, Ethers.js, MetaMask, dan jaringan Ethereum Sepolia Testnet. Hasil penyusunan sistem menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur hybrid mampu memisahkan penyimpanan dokumen fisik secara off-chain dari pencatatan bukti integritas secara on-chain. Smart contract ScholarshipRegistry dirancang untuk mencatat hash dokumen, status verifikasi, alamat wallet verifikator, timestamp, dan log nominal donasi tanpa menggunakan mata uang kripto sebagai alat pembayaran. Fitur audit publik memungkinkan donatur dan masyarakat mencocokkan hash dokumen, memantau bukti pencairan dana, serta melaporkan indikasi kejanggalan. Secara kritis, blockchain meningkatkan integritas rekam jejak, tetapi tidak otomatis menjamin kebenaran substantif isi dokumen; karena itu validasi administratif, kontrol akses, dan mekanisme pelaporan publik tetap diperlukan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada model crowdfunding beasiswa yang lebih transparan, efisien, dan dapat diaudit. This study aims to implement an Ethereum smart contract using a hybrid approach to strengthen document verification and transparency in a scholarship crowdfunding system. The main problem addressed is the limited public trust in digital education donation platforms when eligibility documents, verification status, and fund realization records are controlled only through a centralized database. The study applied a software development method based on the prototype model, consisting of communication, quick planning, quick design modeling, prototype construction, and delivery with feedback evaluation. The prototype was developed using Next.js, SQLite, Prisma ORM, Solidity, Ethers.js, MetaMask, and the Ethereum Sepolia Testnet. The resulting design demonstrates that the hybrid architecture can separate physical document storage in an off-chain layer from integrity proof recording in an on-chain layer. The ScholarshipRegistry smart contract records document hashes, verification status, verifier wallet addresses, timestamps, and donation amount logs without using cryptocurrency as the payment instrument. The public audit feature enables donors and the public to compare document hashes, monitor disbursement evidence, and submit reports on suspected irregularities. Critically, blockchain improves the integrity of audit trails, but it does not automatically verify the substantive truth of uploaded documents; therefore, administrative validation, role-based access control, and participatory reporting remain necessary. This study contributes a transparent, cost-efficient, and auditable model for scholarship crowdfunding systems.
Prof. Narde S. A., Yadav N.S., Ghodake D.T., Patil S.J., Salunkhe S. S.
Abstract In recent years, the rapid growth of digital technologies in education has increased the importance of academic certificates for employment, higher studies, and professional validation. However, the issue of fake and forged certificates has become a serious challenge for institutions and organizations. Traditional certificate verification systems are manual, time-consuming, and often lack transparency and security. These systems are also vulnerable to data manipulation and unauthorized access due to centralized storage. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a blockchain-based academic certificate validation system. The system uses blockchain technology to securely store certificate data in the form of cryptographic hash values generated using the SHA-256 algorithm. Since blockchain is decentralized and immutable, once data is stored, it cannot be altered or deleted. The system allows administrators to upload student data and issue results, which are then stored on the blockchain. Each certificate is associated with a unique verification ID and can be validated using QR codes or direct input. The proposed system improves efficiency, enhances data security, and reduces the risk of fraud. The results demonstrate that the system is faster, more reliable, and more secure than traditional methods.
The global financial ecosystem is experiencing a paradigm shift with the integration of blockchain technology into stock trading platforms. This study explores the adoption patterns, benefits, challenges, and case evidence of blockchain implementation in financial markets worldwide. Blockchain, or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), offers decentralized, immutable, and transparent transaction recording, enabling enhanced efficiency, reduced settlement times, and minimized operational risks. Using a descriptive research approach, the study examines key case studies, notably the Nasdaq Linq initiative, which applied blockchain to private securities transactions to streamline recordkeeping, improve transparency, and reduce reconciliation efforts. Findings indicate that the blockchain enhances settlement speed, strengthens investor trust through transparency, and provides operational efficiencies while adoption is influenced by regulatory frameworks, technological maturity, and implementation costs. The study concludes that targeted, phased implementation, regulatory collaboration, and pilot projects are critical for sustainable adoption, of the highlighting blockchain’s transformative potential to redefine global stock trading infrastructures.
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas federated learning dalam mendeteksi alamat ilegal pada blockchain Ethereum untuk Anti Money Laundering (AML). Studi ini membandingkan XGBoost centralized dan federated dalam simulasi multi exchange, data dibagi secara horizontal menjadi 3 subset yang merepresentasikan entitas bursa independen. Untuk mengisolasi pengaruh pelatihan terdistribusi, pembagian data dilakukan secara homogen (IID), sehingga analisis difokuskan pada perbedaan mekanisme pembelajaran tanpa dipengaruhi heterogenitas data. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model federated mencapai performa yang kompetitif dengan PR AUC 0,9962 dan akurasi 97,11%, dibandingkan model terpusat dengan PR AUC 0,9975 dan akurasi 97,75%. Namun, performa tersebut disertai peningkatan durasi pelatihan 4,01 detik dibandingkan 3,39 detik, yang disebabkan oleh beban komunikasi selama proses pembaruan model. Temuan ini menegaskan adanya trade off antara kinerja dan efisiensi dalam penerapan federated learning. Meskipun mampu mendekati performa pembelajaran centralized, pendekatan ini menimbulkan biaya operasional tambahan. Studi ini merupakan evaluasi dasar dalam kondisi terkontrol dan belum merepresentasikan skenario dunia nyata, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lanjutan pada data non IID dan skala sistem yang lebih besar.
ABSTRACT Forgery of academic and professional certificates remains a major concern across institutions. Traditional centralized systems are prone to manipulation and single points of failure. This work presents a blockchain-based certificate issuance and verification platform developed using Spring Boot and the Ethereum Sepolia test network. The system supports multiple organizations where issuers register and are approved by an administrator before generating certificates. Each certificate is assigned a unique identifier, and a SHA-256 hash of its data is stored on the blockchain through smart contracts. The platform also automates PDF certificate creation with embedded QR codes and sends them via email. Additional features include bulk certificate generation, revocation support, and public verification without requiring a blockchain wallet. Experimental observations indicate an average issuance time of around 4 seconds and verification within 1.5 seconds. Keywords: Blockchain, Ethereum, Smart Contracts, SHA-256, Certificate Verification, Spring Boot, Web3j, PDF Automation
This research presents a blockchain-enabled freelancing platform that integrates smart contract-based escrow, decentralized identity, and intelligent freelancer matching to promote trust, transparency, and automation in digital labor markets. The system uses an Ethereum-compatible smart contract called Freelance Escrow, which manages the funding of projects securely, restricts interactions between employers and freelancers to a few specific roles, and automates the release of payments based on the verifiable completion of work. A Python-based blockchain interface developed using Web3.py is used to deploy contracts, sign transactions, and retrieve the current states, while a Streamlit front end provides authentication for user, project, and wallet operations. The platform includes a TF-IDF similarity model that matches freelancers to projects based on relevant skills and semantic similarity, as well as a structured database using SQLite, in which all users, profiles, and project metadata are stored. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the application has strengths in automation, transparency, and enforcement of workflow, while addressing privacy concerns around private key handling, file path inconsistencies, and Web3 library compatibility. The research demonstrates a working end-to-end architecture for decentralized freelance contracting and establishes a foundation for building further secure, scalable, and trust-preserving digital marketplaces.
Academic credential fraud poses a critical challenge to Indonesian higher education, with approximately 30% of job applicants providing false academic qualifications while conventional verification processes require 2–4 weeks with significant administrative costs. This research addresses the gap where 77% of blockchain education research remains conceptual by proposing and evaluating a four-layer blockchain system architecture for academic diploma authentication. Using Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), the study designs and implements a layered architecture comprising a Presentation Layer (React 18.2.0 with client-side SHA-256 hashing), Application Layer (Node.js 18.20.8 with Web3.js), Data Layer (PostgreSQL 14.5 for off-chain metadata), and Blockchain Layer (DiplomaValidator smart contract in Solidity 0.8.19 on Ganache 2.7.1). The architectural design enforces separation of concerns, enabling tamper-evident credential storage through immutable on-chain hash registration and trustless public verification through zero-gas view functions. Comprehensive evaluation through 38 functional tests, performance benchmarking, security auditing, and integration testing demonstrates 100% pass rate across all categories. Performance metrics show registration in 15.23 ms (240,082 gas units) and verification in 9.47 ms at zero gas cost, achieving 51.81 TPS throughput. Security audit yields 95/100 with zero high or medium vulnerabilities. The primary contribution of this research is a formally documented four-layer blockchain architecture for academic credential authentication validated through DSRM providing a replicable architectural model and quantified performance baselines for the Computer Science community and Indonesian higher education institutions considering blockchain adoption
Nehaam Khan, Mohd. Aadil Shaikh, Atul Upadhyay, Dr. Vaishali Ramtekkar
The rapid growth of the event management industry has exposed significant challenges in traditional ticketing systems, including ticket fraud, duplication, unauthorized resale, and lack of transparency, as centralized platforms often fail to provide verifiable ownership and are vulnerable to manipulation. This paper proposes an NFT-Based Ticketing System that leverages blockchain technology to create a secure, decentralized, and transparent solution where each ticket is represented as a unique Non-Fungible Token (NFT) on the Polygon blockchain, ensuring immutability and authenticity. Smart contracts automate ticket minting, ownership transfer, resale regulation, and royalty distribution, enabling fair secondary market practices while maintaining control for event organizers. The system also incorporates a QR-based verification mechanism for real-time validation at event venues, preventing duplication and unauthorized access. Implemented as a decentralized application (DApp) using Web3 technologies and tested on the Polygon Mumbai testnet, the system demonstrates improved security, reduced fraud, efficient transaction handling, and enhanced user experience, thereby transforming traditional ticketing into a reliable and trustless digital ecosystem.
Abstrak. Perkembangan decentralized finance (DeFi) mendorong perubahan signifikan dalam layanan keuangan berbasis blockchain, termasuk pada platform Jupiter Swap di jaringan Solana. Meskipun menawarkan efisiensi dan transparansi, sistem DeFi memiliki risiko keamanan yang tinggi akibat sifatnya yang terdesentralisasi dan kompleks. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keamanan dan tata kelola sistem informasi pada Jupiter Swap menggunakan framework COBIT 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui observasi sistem, studi literatur, serta analisis menggunakan COBIT 2019 Design Toolkit yang mencakup enterprise strategy, enterprise goals, dan IT risk profile. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki orientasi kuat pada inovasi dan transformasi digital, dengan dominasi domain BAI dan APO dalam tata kelola. Namun, profil risiko menunjukkan tingkat eksposur yang tinggi terhadap serangan siber, kesalahan pengguna, dan ketergantungan pada pihak ketiga. Selain itu, terdapat kesenjangan antara kondisi saat ini dan target capability level, terutama pada aspek keamanan dan pengelolaan perubahan sistem. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan COBIT 2019 dapat membantu mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan tata kelola sistem DeFi secara lebih terstruktur dan adaptif. Abstract. The development of decentralized finance (DeFi) has significantly transformed blockchain-based financial services, including the Jupiter Swap platform on the Solana network. Despite offering efficiency and transparency, DeFi systems present high security risks due to their decentralized and complex nature. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the security and information system governance of Jupiter Swap using the COBIT 2019 framework. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through system observation, literature review, and analysis using the COBIT 2019 Design Toolkit, including enterprise strategy, enterprise goals, and IT risk profile. The results indicate that the system strongly emphasizes innovation and digital transformation, with governance dominated by the BAI and APO domains. However, the risk profile reveals high exposure to cyber attacks, user errors, and third-party dependencies. Additionally, a gap exists between the current condition and the target capability level, particularly in security and system change management. This study demonstrates that COBIT 2019 can be effectively applied to evaluate and improve governance in DeFi systems in a structured and adaptive manner.
Over the past years, there has been increased risk of forging and replicating academic credentials unauthorized, and manipulation of data due to fast computerization of academic credentials. The traditional verification system that is centred on the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), has included instances such as centralized control, the lack of transparency, and vulnerability to points of failures. Such challenges are suggesting a decentralized approach to the generation of digital certificates as well as their validation with the assistance of a blockchain Technology that is secure in nature. The suggested system will use cryptographic hashing, smart contracts using Ethereum and distributed ledger mechanisms to provide integrity, authenticity, and immutability of data. The blockchain has certificates in the hash values that can be easily verified and without the involvement of middle men. The framework will also enhance trust among the stakeholders as they will be in a position to ensure validation without disruption. As it is revealed through the experiment analysis and modular evaluation, the offered solution enhances the effectiveness of the verification towards its significant extent, the chance of fraud decrease, and offers a solution which can be further scaled and become suitable in the contemporary digital certification systems.
Elizabeth Nathania Witanto, Christopher Andreas, Rudi Limantara, Luiz Fernando · 6 authors
Event ticketing systems, such as concerts, festivals, and sports matches, face persistent challenges, including ticket forgery, duplication, resale manipulation, and fraud in secondary markets. Centralized electronic ticketing systems, while digitized, remain vulnerable to identity theft, seller unaccountability, and unfair distribution due to their reliance on intermediaries and a single point of failure. To address these issues, this research introduces Ontix, a decentralized blockchain-based e-ticketing platform utilizing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) compliant with the ERC-721 standard. By leveraging blockchain’s immutability, transparency, and decentralization, Ontix ensures verifiable ownership, tamper-proof ticket issuance, and automated transactions through smart contracts. The system enforces anti-scalping measures, including resale time and price limits, while enabling real-time QR-based validation directly linked to smart contracts. Ontix integrates Layer-2 Optimism Sepolia for scalability and lower gas fees, and employs the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) via Pinata for decentralized metadata storage, alongside Cloudinary for media management. This hybrid architecture guarantees transparency, security, and operational efficiency. By eliminating intermediaries and automating ticket lifecycle management, Ontix provides an accountable, tamper-resistant, and low-cost e-ticketing ecosystem, as well as a user-centric ticketing ecosystem, representing a significant advancement toward the future of decentralized event management.
Academic certificate verification in many institutions is still carried out using centralized and manual systems, which are prone to forgery, data manipulation, high administrative costs, and delays in verification. These challenges reduce the reliability and efficiency of credential validation. This research work focuses on the development of a Decentralized Certificate Verification System (DCVS) that improves security, transparency, and trust in academic credential verification. The proposed system uses blockchain technology to represent academic certificates as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) based on the ERC-721 standard deployed on the Polygon blockchain. Certificate documents and metadata are stored off-chain using the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), while cryptographic references are recorded on the blockchain to ensure data integrity and prevent tampering. The system adopts Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) principles, allowing students to own and share their credentials while enabling employers and institutions to verify certificates without relying on a central authority. Evaluation of the system on the Polygon test network showed a reliable result with a minting confirmation time of 3.2 seconds, less than the 10-second standard benchmark, verification latency of 0.8 seconds, less than the 2-second benchmark, and a transaction cost of 0.00021 MATIC, less than the 0.01 MATIC standard cost. The study demonstrates that blockchain-based solutions can effectively address the challenges of traditional academic certificate verification systems.
Materi ini membahas kerangka penilaian kehalalan aset kripto menurut pendekatan Muhammadiyah dengan menekankan pemisahan antara teknologi blockchain sebagai infrastruktur dan aset kripto sebagai objek transaksi. Kripto diposisikan sebagai harta (māl mutaqawwām) sehingga hukum asal pemanfaatannya adalah mubah muqayyad, yaitu boleh tetapi terikat syarat-syarat syariah. Kehalalan transaksi kripto ditopang oleh dua pilar utama, yakni keabsahan objek dan kehalalan mekanisme transaksi. Pada sisi objek, aset dinilai layak apabila memiliki fungsi nyata, seperti penyimpanan nilai, utilitas, tata kelola, atau dukungan terhadap infrastruktur teknologi; sebaliknya, aset yang terkait ekosistem haram, skema penipuan, perjudian, atau token tanpa utilitas yang murni spekulatif dinilai tidak memenuhi syarat. Pada sisi mekanisme, transaksi spot atas aset yang halal pada dasarnya dibolehkan, sedangkan futures, margin, leverage, short selling, pump-and-dump, dan crypto lending berbasis imbal hasil tetap dipandang bermasalah karena mengandung unsur riba, gharar, maysir, atau penjualan atas barang yang tidak dimiliki. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa beberapa praktik Web3 memerlukan pembedaan hukum yang lebih rinci, seperti liquidity providing, staking pools, native validator staking, dan airdrop, yang statusnya bergantung pada struktur akad, sumber imbalan, serta substansi aktivitas yang difasilitasi. Pada akhirnya, materi ini menegaskan pentingnya literasi, kehati-hatian, dan kepatuhan terhadap hukum negara dalam aktivitas kripto, termasuk pembatasan penggunaan kripto sebagai alat pembayaran. Kata kunci: aset kripto, hukum Islam, Muhammadiyah, Web3, DeFi, staking, transaksi syariah
Riyan Yusuf Octafia, Amalia Nur Chasanah, Usman Usman, Bara Zaretta
This study aims to analyze the influence of the Bitcoin economy on the money supply (M1) in Indonesia, with Bitcoin volatility as an intervening variable. Using a quantitative approach, the data consists of 36 monthly time-series observations from 2022 to 2024. Data analysis techniques include regression analysis adjusted with the Prais-Winsten method to address autocorrelation issues, the Sobel test for mediation analysis, and path analysis. The results indicate that the Bitcoin economy has a direct, positive, and significant effect on the money supply (M1) in Indonesia. However, the Bitcoin economy was found to have a negative and non-significant effect on Bitcoin volatility. Similarly, Bitcoin volatility exerts a negative but non-significant influence on the money supply (M1). The Sobel test results prove that Bitcoin volatility does not function as an intervening variable mediating the relationship between the Bitcoin economy and the money supply (M1). These findings suggest that while the expansion of the Bitcoin ecosystem encourages an increase in domestic monetary liquidity, the price fluctuations of digital assets have not yet become a transmission channel that significantly disrupts the stability of national monetary aggregates.
In blockchain ecosystems, maintaining transparency and privacy has become an ethical dilemma. This is because, while certain specific information of the user is shared to ensure transparency of transactions across networks, such information could be detrimental to the user, as there is a possibility of it being tampered with. For instance, in the Catalyst voting process in Cardano, users can still see the amount of ADA tokens being held by other users, which can influence their voting options, especially when large ADA holders vote in support of certain ideas or proposals. To discourage such challenges as voter manipulation and vote buying, this study proposed the implementation of zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) in blockchain ecosystems to enhance the transparency of the catalyst voting process and enhance efficiency and speed of result release. Using survey questionnaire and a multivocal literature review, this study was able to proof that ZKP cannot only be applied in the catalyst voting process to enhance its transparency, but also addressed potential challenges to its applications such as scalability, encourage trust and fairness of the voting system, and improve voter participation due to its user-friendliness. Mathematical models emphasize scaled voting as optimal for balancing inclusion and plutocratic control.
The security and integrity of medical record data is a crucial issue in the era of healthcare service digitalization. Traditional systems still face risks of manipulation, information leaks, and issues with interoperability between healthcare institutions. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address this issue thanks to its features of decentralization, openness, and difficulty in modification. One consensus method that can be applied is Proof of Work (PoW), which has proven to maintain the authenticity of transactions on a distributed network. This research aims to design and evaluate a blockchain-based medical record application using the PoW consensus algorithm to ensure the security, transparency, and reliability of medical data storage. The approach used is experimental, involving the development of a blockchain-based application prototype. The PoW algorithm is applied to ensure the validity of medical record data transactions. The evaluation was conducted by measuring the security aspect (resistance to data changes), performance (time to verify transactions), and scalability (number of transactions that can be handled). The results of the experiment show that implementing PoW in a medical record system can maintain data integrity with a high level of resistance to unauthorized changes. The average time for transaction verification is 2.4 seconds per block, with the ability to handle up to 150 transactions per minute. Although the performance of PoW requires significant computational resources, the level of security it offers suggests potential for implementation in larger healthcare systems. The application of blockchain with the PoW algorithm to medical records has proven to improve the security and transparency of medical information. This research successfully met the established objectives, although computational efficiency issues still need to be addressed. Further research is suggested to explore other consensus algorithms such as Proof of Stake (PoS) or Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) to improve performance without sacrificing security aspects. Keywords: Blockchain, Electronic Health Records (EHR), Proof of Work (PoW), Smart Contract, Healthcare Information System
Traditional paper-based voting system for student organization leaders election has issues related to security, transparency, and trust. This research addressed these issues by implementing a blockchain on e-voting system utilizing smart contracts to ensure the security and transparency of the voting process. The system was developed using the agile software development life cycle (SDLC) methodology and was tested using black-box and system usability scale (SUS) method to evaluate its functionality and usability. Security testing was conducted through unit testing on the smart contract and block verification within the Sepolia network. The results showed that the decentralized e-voting system could prevent vote manipulation and detecting duplicate voters, as evidenced by the unit testing of the smart contract, which confirmed that recorded votes could not be manipulated and attempts to submit multiple votes were detected and rejected. Meanwhile, system transparency was demonstrated through direct verification using a block explorer, showing that the entire voting process and the smart contract code were publicly accessible and transparent. The system was successfully simulated on a small scale within a student organization, and usability testing using the SUS method was conducted with 30 respondents. The test resulted in a score of 72 points, indicating that the system was in the good category and was well accepted by users. Therefore, the decentralized approach in this e-voting system has been proven to enhance transparency and overcome the problems of security issues in the voting process.